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2001 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Peppers, Papers, Pueblos and Professors

作者： Freuler, Richard J. Fentiman, Audeen W. Demel, John T. Gustafson, Robert J. Merrill, John A. Ohio State University Aerospace Engineering Department Ohio State University Aero. and Astronautical Res. Lab. OSU Freshman Engineering Honors Program Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering Interdisc. Environ. Sci. Grad. Prog. Department of Food Engineering College of Engineering Ohio State University

During the past ten years, The Ohio State University's College of engineering has moved from a series of separate freshman courses for engineering orientation, engineering graphics, and engineering problem solving with computer programming to a dual offering of course sequences in the Introduction to engineering program (IEP) and the Freshman engineering Honors (FEH) program. These new programs retain part of the traditional material but add in hands-on laboratory experiences that lead to design/build projects. Teamwork, project management, report writing and oral presentations have assumed important roles in this program. This paper describes the range of laboratory exercises employed, the design projects with the written reports and oral reports required, and the lessons learned in the transition to this dual offering freshman programs.

关键词： engineering education

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Developing and implementing a facilities plan for a freshman engineering course sequence

Developing and implementing a facilities plan for a freshman...

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2001 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Peppers, Papers, Pueblos and Professors

作者： Gustafson, Robert J. Merrill, John A. Fentiman, Audeen W. Freuler, Richard J. Demel, John T. Ohio State University Department of Food Engineering College of Engineering Ohio State University Dept. of Civil Engineering Science Outreach and Special Programs College of Engineering Interdisc. Environ. Sci. Grad. Prog. Aerospace Engineering Department College of Engineering Ohio State University Department of Engineering Graphics

The freshman engineering course sequences for all engineering freshmen, at the College of engineering at the Ohio State University, is discussed. Various courses in graphics are offered by a department in the college to both engineering and non-engineering students. The program offers two tracks of freshman engineering courses and approximately three-fourth of the honours qualified students select freshman engineering honours (FEH). It is found that the students select pattern either of AU,WI;AU,SP;or WI,SP for the two course sequence.

关键词： engineering education

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Deinking of recycled pulps using column flotation: Energy and environ.ental benefits

Deinking of recycled pulps using column flotation: Energy an...

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作者： Chaiarrekij, S. Dhingra, H. Ramarao, B.V. Fac. of Paper Sci. and Engineering SUNY-Coll. Environ. Sci. Forest. W. Syracuse NY 13210 United States

Deinking of recycled pulps is an important operation intended to provide pulps appropriate for making paper and paperboard products from recycled wastepaper. Conventionally, deinking of recycled pulp is conducted in a flotation cell equipped with an agitator. We have investigated the applicability of a new flotation cell based on a column without an agitator present to accomplish the deinking of typical wastepaper feedstocks and also a feedstock consisting of rejects from a conventional deinking cell. Experimental results on the deinking operation indicate that it is possible to achieve deinking of a mixture of photocopier and laserprinted paper in the column flotation cell. The performance of the column, as measured by the resultant pulp's brightness and ink particle size distributions, is comparable to that of a conventional laboratory cell which incorporates severe agitation regimens. Thus, it is found that the agitator can be eliminated by using the column flotation design which could yield significant electrical energy savings in addition to savings in capital costs and other operational and maintenance costs. A series of deinking experiments were also performed on a feedstock consisting of rejected waste obtained from a conventional cell in a pilot plant. We found that deinking of the rejected waste could yield significant usable fiber. This indicates the potential of the column flotation technique in enhancing the reuse of a waste component thus reducing the volume of deinking waste rejected into the environ.ent.

关键词： Pulp manufacture

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The environ.ental industry in Massachusetts: From rapid growth to maturity

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Corporate environ.ental Strategy 2000年第3期7卷 304-313页

作者： Diener, Betty J. Terkla, David Dept. of Marketing/Management MBA Program College of Management University of Massachusetts Boston United States Environ. Bus. Council of New England United Kingdom Commonwealth of Virginia United States Department of Economics Environ. Coast. and Ocean Sci. Fac. University of Massachusetts Boston United States Economic Department Gtr. Boston Reg. Economic Dvmt. E. Massachusetts Benchmarks Project United States

While the environ.ental industry has often been cited as a significant national industry, quantitative data is limited and difficult to replicate (i.e., in order to follow either national or regional industry trends in employment and sales). Since the industry covers such a wide range of industrial classifications, an analysis at the four-digit SIC level is insufficient. In order to begin to remedy this problem, this article defines the industry at the six and eight digit SIC level and analyzes trends in employment and sales in Massachusetts compared to the nation during the latter half of the 1990s. The Massachusetts environ.ental industry, which ranks seventh in sales and eighth in employment nationally (and second in sales in the consulting and engineering sector) is examined more closely using industry focus groups. The authors reveal that very little change has occurred in the industry as it continues to focus on pollution cleanup as opposed to prevention during the 1990s. There is also evidence of continuing industry consolidation as well as a slowing of growth in sales. As a result of these trends, the main challenges facing the industry are a) developing higher-margin niches to substitute for lower-margin, more standardized pollution cleanup services, and b) keeping the government sector from further internalizing their work in the form of technical assistance to firms engaged in environ.ental cleanup.

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Treatment of trace organic compounds by membrane processes: At the Lake Arrowhead water reuse pilot plant

Treatment of trace organic compounds by membrane processes: ...

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Proceedings of the 1998 6th International Conference on Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

作者： Levine, Bruno B. Madireddi, Kapal Lazarova, Valentina Stenstrom, Michael K. Suffet, Mel Ctr. Intl. Res. Water and Environ. Lyonnaise des Eaux 38 rue du Président Wilson 78230 Le Pecq France UCLA Dept. of Civ. and Environ. Eng. Los Angeles CA 90095-1600 United States UCLA Environ. Sci. and Eng. Program Los Angeles CA 90095-1772 United States

Organic and trace organic performance data for ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) at the Lake Arrowhead water reclamation pilot plant are analyzed to determine the treatment efficiency of these processes in an indirect potable reuse design. Four organic parameters were studied: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm (UV-254), SUVA and base neutral analysis (BNA). UF and NF removed the larger compounds from the influent, but had no significant impact on the base neutral fraction with the exception of sterols. The RO process removed DOC and UV-absorbance compounds from the effluent to their respective detection limits. Base neutral compounds were significantly removed by RO, leaving at extremely low concentrations small molecular weight compounds, indicating indirect potable reuse is technically feasible.

关键词： Water treatment

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Minority Forest Landowners in Southeastern Alabama

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Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 1999年第3期23卷 175-178页

作者： Gan, Jianbang Kolison, Jr., Stephen H. Coll. Agric. Environ. and Nat. Sci. Tuskegee University Tuskegee AL 36088 United States Coop. Agricultural Research Program Tennessee State University Nashville TN 37209 United States 301 Milbank Hall Department of Agricultural Sciences Tuskegee University Tuskegee AL 36830 United States

This study investigated the characteristics of minority forest landowners and their forest resources in Macon and Bullock counties in Alabama through a landowner survey. The size of forestland held by these landowners was relatively small, with a mean of 113 ac. Most of their forests were mixed pine and hardwood stands. The top ranked management objectives of these landowners were for timber production and wildlife (hunting). About two-thirds of these landowners have thinned or harvested their forests. However, the forestland has not significantly contributed to the landowners' income. The lack of capital, labor, and knowledge of forest management and marketing impeded the landowners from generating more benefits from their forestland.

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An evaluation of chemistry's role in the winter-spring ozone maximum found in the northern midlatitude free troposphere (vol 104, pg 3667, 1999)

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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 1999年第D7期104卷 8329-8329页

作者： Yienger, JJ Ctr. Global and Reg. Environ. Res. University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States Atmospheric Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton University Princeton NJ United States NOAA Geophys. Fluid Dynam. Lab. Princeton NJ United States Ctr. Global and Reg. Environ. Res. University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Atmosph. and Oceanic Sci. Program Princeton University Princeton NJ 08542 United States NOAA Geophys. Fluid Dynam. Lab. Princeton NJ 08542 United States

We employ the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global chemical transport model to investigate the contribution of photochemistry to the winter-spring ozone maximum in the northern hemisphere (NH) midlatitude free troposphere (770–240 mbar; 30°N–60°N). Free tropospheric ozone mass slowly builds up in the winter and early spring, with net chemistry and transport playing comparable roles. Winter and early spring conditions are favorable to net ozone production for two reasons: (1) Winter conditions (cold, low Sun angle, and dry) reduce HO x and lower the level of NO x needed for chemical production to exceed destruction (balance point); and (2) throughout the winter and early spring, NO x , because of its longer chemical lifetime, increases above normally net-destructive levels in the remote atmosphere. Interestingly, net production in the midlatitude NH free troposphere maximizes in early spring because relatively high NO x and low balance point conditions are present at a time when increasing insolation is speeding up photochemistry. Conceptually, the net ozone production is associated with an annual atmospheric “spring cleaning” in which high levels of NO x are removed via OH oxidation. Further, we find that human activity has a major impact on both the levels of tropospheric ozone and the role of chemistry in the NH midlatitude, where anthropogenic NO x emissions dominate. In that region, modern ozone levels have increased by ∼20% in the winter and ∼45% in the spring, winter-spring chemistry has switched from net destructive to net productive, the winter-spring balance between transport and chemistry has switched from transport dominance in preindustrial times to the present parity, and the preindustrial February maximum has progressed to March-April. Estimated 2020 levels of NO x emissions were found to lead to even greater net production and to push the O 3 spring maximum later into April-May.

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Evaluating sublethal indicators of stress in asiatic clams (Corbicula Fluminea) caged in an urban stream

ASTM Special Technical Publication

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ASTM Special Technical Publication 1999年第1333期 76-91页

作者： Black, Marsha C. Belin, John I. Environmental Health Science Program Coll. of Agric. and Environ. Sci. University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2102 United States

Freshwater bivalves have been used extensively to monitor chemical accumulation in field exposures, although little information is available on the use of biomarker measurements in field exposures with bivalves. DNA strand breakage, growth rate, condition index and percentage tissue water were measured in freshwater Asiatic clams (Corbicula fluminea) exposed in-situ in a stream that receives urban and industrial stormwater runoff and in a non-impacted reference stream. After 4 weeks exposure, DNA strand lengths in foot tissue from Trail Creek-exposed clams were significantly shorter than DNA from reference clams. These results suggest a reduction in DNA integrity in Trail Creek-exposed clams, possibly indicating exposure to genotoxic chemicals. No significant differences were observed in the growth rates of clams. However, a significant inverse relationship was detected between condition index and % tissue water for all clams. Furthermore, site-specific differences in percentage tissue water and condition indices were observed after 2 and 10 weeks exposure. For this study DNA strand breakage, condition indices, and tissue hydration appear to be more sensitive indicators of sublethal toxicity than growth.

关键词： Biomarkers Corbicula fluminea DNA strand breakage In-situ exposures Nonpoint source pollution

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Characteristics of persons who self-reported a high pesticide exposure event in the Agricultural Health Study

Characteristics of persons who self-reported a high pesticid...

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作者： Alavanja, Michael C. R. Sandler, Dale P. McDonnell, Cheryl J. Mage, David T. Kross, Burton C. Rowland, Andrew S. Blair, Aaron Epidemiol. and Biostatistics Program National Cancer Institute 6130 Executive Boulevard Bethesda MD 20892 United States Natl. Inst. of Environ. Hlth. Sci. Research Triangle Park NC United States SRA Technologies Inc. Falls Church VA United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC United States University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States

Characteristics of persons who report high pesticide exposure events (HPEE) were studied in a large cohort of licensed pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina who enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study between December 1993 and December 1995. Fourteen percent reported having 'an incident or experience while using any pesticide which caused an unusually high personal exposure.' After taking into account total number of applications made and education, females (OR = 0.76), applicators from NC (OR = 0.65), and privately licensed applicators (OR = 0.65) were less likely to have reported an HPEE. Work practices more common among both private and commercial applicators with an HPEE included delay in changing clothing or washing after pesticide application, mixing pesticide application clothing with the family wash, washing up inside the house after application, applying pesticides within 50 yards of their well, and storing pesticides in the home. Job characteristics more common among those with an HPEE included self- repair of application equipment and first pesticide use more than 10 years in the past. These job characteristics explained much of the difference in reported HPEE between males and females, but not between IA and NC subjects or between commercial or private applicators.

关键词： Pesticides

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Characteristics of pesticide use in a pesticide applicator cohort: The Agricultural Health Study

Characteristics of pesticide use in a pesticide applicator c...

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作者： Alavanja, Michael C. R. Sandler, Dale P. McDonnell, Cheryl J. Lynch, Charles F. Pennybacker, Margaret Zahm, Shelia Hoar Mage, David T. Steen, William C. Wintersteen, Wendy Blair, Aaron Epidemiol. and Biostatistics Program National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD Z0892 United States Epidemiology Branch Natl. Inst. of Environ. Hlth. Sci. Research Triangle Park NC United States SRA Technologies Inc. Falls Church VA United States University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States Battelle/Survey Research Associates Durham NC United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC United States Environmental Protection Agency Athens GA United States Iowa State University Ames IA United States Epidemiol. and Biostatistics Program National Cancer Institute EPN/543 6130 Executive Blvd. Bethesda MD 20892 United States

Data on recent and historic pesticide use, pesticide application methods, and farm characteristics were collected from 35,879 restricted-use pesticide applicators in the first 2 years of the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of a large cohort of private and commercial licensed pesticide applicators that is being conducted in Iowa and North Carolina. (In Iowa, applicators are actually 'certified,' while in North Carolina they are 'licensed';for ease of reference the term license will be used for both states in this paper.) Commercial applicators (studied in Iowa only) apply pesticides more days per year than private applicators in either state. When the types of pesticides being used by different groups are compared using the Spearman coefficient of determination (r2), we find that Iowa private and Iowa commercial applicators tend to use the same type of pesticides (r2 = 0.88). White and nonwhite private applicators tended to use the same type of pesticides (North Carolina r2 = 0.89), as did male and female private applicators (Iowa r2 = 0.85 and North Carolina r2 = 0.84). There was less similarity (r2 = 0.50) between the types of pesticides being used by Iowa and North Carolina private applicators. A greater portion of Iowa private applicators use personal protective equipment than do North Carolina private applicators, and pesticide application methods varied by state. This heterogeneity in potential exposures to pesticides between states should be useful for subsequent epidemiologic analyses using internal comparison groups.

关键词： Pesticides

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