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Copper single atoms/atomic clusters modified electrocatalytic membrane for antibiotic removal and membrane fouling control via electro-Fenton reactions

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Zhang, Zixin Huang, Guohe Li, Yongping Yao, Yao Chen, Xiujuan Zhang, Yuanzheng Luo, Yifei Zhao, Kai State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability China-Canada Center for Energy Environment and Ecology Research UR-BNU School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaS4S 0A2 Canada Department of Civil Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX United States College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

Low-pressure membrane filtration is an important technology for water treatment but suffers from the inefficient removal of low-molecular-weight pollutants (such as antibiotics) and severe membrane fouling. Herein, an electrocatalytic membrane (CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM) modified with the catalyst containing Cu single atoms (SAs) and atomic clusters (ACs) composite active sites was prepared for the removal of tetracycline (TC) and the control of membrane fouling. Cu ACs synergistically interacted with Cu SAs, enabling a high-efficiency electro-Fenton process. In addition to serving as the main active site for the in-situ generation of H2O2, Cu ACs could also induce the charge rearrangement of Cu SAs, thus reducing the energy barrier of H2O2 activation into ·OH at the Cu SAs site. CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM produced ·OH through a sequential reaction of H2O2 generation and activation to oxidize pollutants. At a low voltage of −2.5 V, CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM delivered excellent TC removal kinetics (0.0181 min−1) and removal ratio (90.0 %), and effectively reduced the membrane fouling caused by the mixture of humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA). CuSAs/ACs-NC/CMM also performed well under actual water conditions. This work proposes a strategy for developing electrocatalytic membranes using catalysts with multiple atomic-level active sites, promoting the development and application of advanced membranes in water treatment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Membrane fouling

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Enhanced peroxi-coagulation process for the treatment of anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME)

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Journal of Industrial and engineering Chemistry 2025年

作者： Ismail, Saiyidah Anisah Ang, Wei Lun Mahmoudi, Ebrahim Mohammad, Abdul Wahab Wong, Wai Yin Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program College of Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia

This study investigated the effectiveness of the peroxi-coagulation (PC) process in removing dissolved organic impurities from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Key experimental parameters assessed in this study included wastewater pH, electrolysis duration, and the dosage of H2O2. After a five-hour treatment period, maximum breakdown of organic contaminants and removal of suspended particles were achieved, with around 86 % of soluble COD (SCOD), 91 % of total COD (TCOD), 99 % of true colour, and 84 % of turbidity were removed under optimal operating conditions (pH 3 and external dosing of 31.09 mM H2O2). These outcomes can be attributed to two removal mechanisms: the predominant Fenton oxidation reaction at low pH which promoted effective •OH generation from the dosed H2O2, and the simultaneous coagulation activity by the electrochemically produced Fe(OH)3 coagulant. This PC process was governed by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, which achieved a maximum kinetic rate of 0.5321 min−1 under ideal operating conditions. The estimated energy consumption for POME degradation ranged from 0.461 to 1.874 kWh per kg of COD reduced, indicating low electrical energy intake. These findings demonstrate the potential of the PC process as a pre- or post- treatment step that can enhance the removal of COD and pigmentation in integrated POME treatment systems. © 2025 The Korean Society of Industrial and engineering Chemistry

关键词： Coagulation

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Iodinated underlayer for enhanced chemically amplified resist performance 42

Iodinated underlayer for enhanced chemically amplified resis...

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Advances in Patterning Materials and Processes XLII

作者： Ku, Yejin Choi, Hyoeun Kim, Gayoung Lee, Jin-Kyun Kim, Jiho Lee, Sangsul Program in Environment and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Program in Semiconductor Convergence Inha University Incheon 22212 South Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECH Pohang 37673 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781510686427

High-numerical-aperture (NA) extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is essential for next-generation semiconductor manufacturing, requiring advanced photoresists (PRs) that can function effectively in ultra-thin films. However, ultra-thin PR films-primarily needed to meet stringent depth-of-focus constraints-face several challenges, including low photon absorption and reduced etch resistance. Additionally, as feature sizes shrink, the diminished PR-substrate contact area exacerbates pattern collapse issues in high NA EUVL. To mitigate these challenges, underlayers are increasingly employed to enhance patterning performance. In this study, we propose a supportive underlayer (SUL) to enhance the sensitivity of chemically-amplified photoresists (CARs) and improve adhesion between the CAR film and the SUL. As a preliminary step, we introduced a simple experimental protocol to identify high-absorption elements that could be more effective in the CAR system, exploiting a PR film-overcoat bi-layer structure. Overcoats containing hydrogen (H), iodine (I), and tin (Sn) were readily prepared on top of the CAR film by the help of solvent orthogonality. Our findings revealed that iodine atoms significantly reduced the exposure threshold compared to hydrogen or tin. Based on these results, hydrophobic iodinated materials were selected as SUL candidates, and a few materials were synthesized with different iodine contents. After fabricating the bi-layer stack, we evaluated the solubility changes of PR films under both positive- and negative-tone development (PTD and NTD) conditions. The incorporation of an iodinated SUL beneath the CAR films enhanced both lithographic sensitivity and substrate adhesion, regardless of the development type, with higher iodine content further amplifying these effects. These findings provide a promising pathway for implementing EUV underlayers specifically tailored for high-NA EUVL. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Adhesion enhancement Chemically amplified resist High NA EUV lithography Hydrophobic iodinated materials Sensitivity enhancement Supportive underlayer

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The sustainability of agricultural trade: The case of South Africa

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Cleaner Production Letters 2025年 8卷

作者： van Huyssteen, Thomas Thiam, Djiby Nonhebel, Sanderine Water and Production Economics Program School of Economics University of Cape Town South Africa Integrated Research on Energy Environment and Society (IREES) Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Netherlands Faculty of Science and Engineering Integrated Research on Energy Environment and Society (IREES) Science and Engineering University of Groningen Netherlands

Trade in agricultural products will be a crucial component of adaptive responses to global food insecurity and ensuring its sustainability is thus crucial. This is particularly important for resource scarce countries because agricultural trade allows for the virtual transfer of the resources required for production. This is important because agricultural production has significant resource requirements as well as substantial environmental, climatic and economic impacts. Assessing the sustainability of agricultural trade has proven to be a complex challenge due to a lack of frameworks available to comprehensively assess it and the ‘silo approach’ to resource management. To combat these problems new frameworks and analysis techniques which account for numerous sectors and impacts need to be developed. The objective of this paper was to provide and utilise such a framework to assess the sustainability of agricultural trade. To do this, the Water-Energy-Food Land-Economy-Climate framework was proposed. The framework was used in combination with a lifecycle analysis approach to assess the sustainability of agricultural trade in South Africa. Despite exporting 25% more agricultural products than they imported, the results showed that the production of South Africa's agricultural imports required 65% more water, 3% more energy, and 44% more land than exports. Further, imports generated 98% more CO₂ and 103% more PO₄ emissions than exports. Finally, South Africa was shown to generate 64% more economic value from their agricultural exports than their imports cost. Overall, the results show that according to the Water-Energy-Food Land-Economy-Climate framework used, and accounting for the South African resource context, the country had a sustainable agricultural trade mix. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Agricultural trade Climatic impact Economic value Land requirements South Africa Sustainability Water requirements

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Bridging the gap in nutrient management: Transitioning from conventional to sustainable slow-release fertilizers in modern agriculture

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年 513卷

作者： Said, Nor Sakinah Mohd Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Daud, Nurull Muna Sharuddin, Siti Shilatul Najwa Barakwan, Rizkiy Amaliyah Luthfi, Abdullah Amru Indera Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Jakarta Pusat10340 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Kampus MERR C Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Street Mulyorejo East Java Surabaya60115 Indonesia

The world's continuous demographic expansion has driven a growing demand for a stable food supply, making the agriculture sector a key foundation for sustainable food production. However, the widespread use of conventional fertilizers has resulted in significant environmental and economic drawbacks, including inefficient nutrient delivery and nutrient leaching. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative agricultural solutions. This article reviews the adverse impacts of conventional fertilizer use on ecosystems and discusses the transition to slow-release fertilizers (SRF) as a promising alternative. SRF offers more controlled nutrient release, reducing nutrient loss and improving efficiency compared to traditional fertilizers. The article examines different types of SRF, their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and their potential to transform modern agriculture by addressing both environmental concerns and crop nutrient management. Key challenges, including high production costs and the use of non-biodegradable coatings, are addressed. This review highlights the potential of bio-based coatings as replacements for non-renewable petroleum-based materials in SRFs, promoting sustainable practices and reducing potential toxicity in agricultural applications. The evolution of SRFs into multifunctional fertilizers is also discussed, emphasizing their expanding roles beyond controlled nutrient release. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Crops

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Investigation of Microplastics in Raw and Processed Water for Unbranded Refilled Drinking Water in Karawang, Indonesia

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Sari, Gina Lova Utami, Marsah Rahmawati Kasasiah, Ahsanal Rohmana, Andini Siti Amethysia, Nur Ridha Cahyaningrum, Putri Sekti Nainggolan, Adinda Melianda Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Study Program of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang H.S Ronggowaluyo Karawang41361 Indonesia Study Program of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Science Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang H.S Ronggowaluyo Karawang41361 Indonesia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor UKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia

It is undeniable that microplastics are found in many types of water, including drinking water. This study aims to investigate the presence of microplastics in one of the drinking waters widely used by communities in Indonesia, known as unbranded refilled drinking water. The investigation was conducted at eight unbranded refilled drinking water depots in Karawang, West Java. A total of 2.00 L of raw air and processed water samples were taken from each depot, then prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, analyzed using an Olympus BX - 41 microscope with a magnification of ten times, and then counted manually. The results showed that raw and processed water in all unbranded refilled drinking water depots contained microplastics with details of 15.50-42.00 particles/L and 6.50-17.50 particles/L, respectively. The dominant microplastics found were fibers and fragments with sizes of 1.00-3.00 mm and less than 1.00 mm. Furthermore, the dominant color of the microplastics was black, indicating that the polymers of microplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene, or polystyrene. This finding has confirmed that refilled drinking water consumed by the community in Indonesia has potentially become one of the main pathways for the entry and accumulation of microplastics into the human body, posing significant health risks. Based on current research, further research is needed to improve water treatment performance to protect public health. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microplastic

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Navigating Legal Frameworks for National Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Key Disaster Management Laws in Thailand and Japan

Navigating Legal Frameworks for National Resilience: A Compa...

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First International Symposium on Instrumentation, Control, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics (ICA-SYMP)

作者： Ampan Laosunthara Ratchaneekorn Thongthip Kodchakorn Krutphong School of Environment and Society Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Civil & Infrastructure Engineering Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Pathumthani Thailand Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331505400

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505417

This study compares the disaster management laws of Thailand and Japan. The research reveals significant differences in legislative approaches, reflecting each country's unique historical, and governance contexts. Japan's law demonstrates a more comprehensive approach to the disaster management cycle and stakeholder involvement, with integrated financial provisions. Thailand's law emphasizes organizational aspects. Both prioritize response measures but show potential gaps in addressing preparedness and mitigation phases. The study identifies areas for further investigation, including financial measures, and international cooperation approaches. This comparative analysis offers valuable insights into both countries' ongoing development of disaster management systems and highlights potential areas for mutual learning and improvement in disaster risk reduction strategies. Creating resilience in the society through the core of the government working and stakeholders' given authorities.

关键词： Phase measurement Law Prevention and mitigation Disasters Area measurement Legislation Frequency measurement Stakeholders Robots Resilience

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Treatment with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) elicits secondary metabolite accumulation in Aquilaria crassna (agarwood) callus culture

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Discover Plants 2025年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Overmans, Sebastian Alflayyeh, Yazan Gutiérrez, Sergio Aldlaigan, Yousef Lauersen, Kyle J. Bioengineering Program Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology Center Ministry of Environment Water and Agriculture of Saudi Arabia (MEWA) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Thymelaceaous trees are prized for accumulating fragrant resins composed of hundreds of secondary metabolites in their woody tissues. Slow growth and increasing consumer demand have stretched natural sources of agarwood trees to being endangered and alternative production modes, including silviculture and tissue culture, are currently being investigated. Dedifferentiated tissue culture of agarwood trees provides a means of cell propagation independent of environmental context. However, secondary metabolite accumulation, as found in fragrant resins, occurs largely in response to wounding. Here, we investigated the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as potential elicitors of secondary metabolite formation in Aquilaria crassna tissue culture. Callus cultures were exposed to five commercially available MOFs (UiO-67, MOF-808, HKUST-1, ZIF-67, and MOF-74) and ethanol extracts were analysed using GC-MS to quantify secondary metabolite accumulation in MOF-exposed cultures compared to untreated cultures. Samples that were exposed to either of the two Zr-based MOFs exhibited metabolite production profiles that were similar to each other, (trans-2-Carboxy-cyclo-hexyl)-acetic acid was reduced in the presence of all MOFs, the Cu-containing HKUST-1 MOF increased palmitic acid levels, and ZIF-67 (at 20 mg/L) was found to elicit the highest accumulation of secondary metabolites with potential fragrance applications. These results demonstrate the possibility of eliciting secondary metabolites from dedifferentiated agarwood tree cell culture and may provide an alternative means of sourcing fragrant specialty chemicals from these plants.

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Boussinesq modeling of typhoon-induced infragravity oscillations in Hualien Harbor, eastern Taiwan: Influence of the adjacent coast

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Coastal engineering 2025年 201卷

作者： Su, Shih-Feng Ma, Gangfeng Bachelor Degree Program in Ocean Engineering and Technology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan DHI Water & Environment Inc. Lakewood 80228 CO United States

Large infragravity-wave oscillations inside harbors are generally induced by typhoon-generated swell waves. The interaction between infragravity waves and harbor geometry can significantly amplify wave oscillations when the specific frequencies match the natural resonance frequencies of the harbor. Additionally, the neighboring coastal morphology can enhance the influx of infragravity energy. In this study, we investigated infragravity oscillations in Hualien Harbor, eastern Taiwan, during the passage of a strong typhoon. The harbor geometry comprises outer and inner basins aimed at providing a well-sheltered area. However, the extreme infragravity wave height of 2.0 m was observed at the innermost basin. A wave-resolving Boussinesq model was applied to reproduce harbor oscillations and was validated against the measured data within the port. The accuracy of the simulated significant wave heights was sensitive to the direction of the incident wave, but not that of the simulated infragravity waves. Furthermore, lower and higher resonance frequencies prevail in the inner and outer basins, respectively. The simulated spatial distributions of wave heights in the resonance periods demonstrated that these waves were present both within the harbor and along the adjacent coast. Additionally, the refraction effects of the adjacent coast were investigated through numerical simulations. Our experiments revealed that the infragravity energy generated on the adjacent coast contributed to an increase in infragravity wave heights inside the harbor up to 47 %. Moreover, we found that reducing the long-period infragravity waves significantly altered the distribution of short-period swell waves in the outer harbor basin. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： FUNWAVE-TVD Harbor oscillations Infragravity waves Typhoon

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Evaluating particulate matter mass and count concentrations in a vehicle cabin: Insights from Kuwait City

Journal of Engineering Research (Kuwait)

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Journal of engineering Research (Kuwait) 2025年

作者： Al-Dabbous, Abdullah N. Goel, Anju Alsulaili, Abdalrahman Al-Dabbous, Shoug Kh. Shalash, Musaed Environmental and Climate Change Program Environment & Life Sciences Research Center Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Kuwait The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi India Civil Engineering Department College of Engineering and Petroleum Kuwait University Kuwait

Inhaling quality air is crucial for good health. Therefore, investigating air quality in various microenvironments, especially indoors where people spend most of their time, is essential. This study examines particulate matter (PM) concentrations in a vehicle cabin over one week in September, representing late summertime conditions. It focuses on measuring PM mass and count across various size ranges (0.3–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.5, 2.5–5.0, 5.0–10.0, 10.0–25.0 μm) under different ventilation settings in a private vehicle on one of Kuwait's busiest highways. Thirty-five runs were conducted across five ventilation settings over seven days. These settings included combinations of AC fan speeds, recirculation status, window positions (open and closed), and smoking activities. No significant trends were observed between weekends and weekdays due to minimal traffic differences. However, distinct PM mass and count concentration variations were noted across ventilation settings. Setting 5 (AC at medium fan speed, vent and windows closed, smoking allowed) had the highest PM mass and count concentrations in smaller sizes (diameter ≤2.5 μm) due to active smoking. Setting 1 (AC off, vent and windows open, no smoking) recorded the second-highest PM mass (diameter ≥2.5 μm) and count (diameter ≤2.5 μm) concentrations due to outdoor pollution. PM mass and count concentrations were lowest under settings 2–4, with negligible differences between them, attributed to the relative restriction of air intake. The highest exposure levels were observed in setting 1, where windows were open, and the lowest in settings with closed windows and AC in recirculation mode. Exposure levels at hotspots were up to 200 % higher. Proximity to construction activities further increased exposure. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Kuwait Particulate matter Smoking Vehicle cabin Ventilation settings

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