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Comparative analysis of equine semen preservation techniques and DNA damage detection using Comet and SCSA assays

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2025年 145卷

作者： M. Yaseen A. Swegen Z. Gibb HMRI Infertility and Reproduction Research Program College of Engineering Science and Environment The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia

Maintaining the DNA integrity of equine spermatozoa during preservation is crucial for the success of assisted reproductive techniques. Sperm preservation generally relies on low temperatures to reduce or halt sperm metabolism to preserve functionality, but more recently methods of storing sperm above 15°C have been developed to reduce the effects of cold shock and cryodamage. The major damage that spermatozoa experience during preservation at any temperature is oxidative damage, which may lead to DNA damage. There are numerous DNA damage assays available, but their relative prognostic value in horses has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the sensitivity of two popular sperm DNA damage assays, the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and the single cell gel electrophoresis (neutral comet) assay in identifying sperm DNA damage in the horse. A total of 3 split ejaculates (diluted 2:1 with EquiPlus) from individual stallions were utilised. High-quality spermatozoa were isolated via single-layer colloidal centrifugation (EquiPure). Sperm pellets were resuspended in: L-EDTA cryodiluent with 20% egg yolk and 3% dimethylformamide; EquiPlus; and SpermSafe, after which they were either cryopreserved, chilled (5°C), or stored at 18°C respectively. The SCSA (DNA fragmentation index; DFI) and comet (tail intensity) analyses were performed at various relevant timepoints. While the SCSA revealed no significant increase in DNA damage at any timepoint, for any storage treatment, the comet assay was more sensitive, revealing a significant increase in DNA damage after 72h of storage in SpermSafe (0h: 21.1±11.4% vs 72h: 53.5±0.2%; p≤0.05), though this fell to non-significant levels by the 7-day timepoint (43.675±3.8%), and after cryopreservation (pre-freeze: 21.1±11.4% vs post-thaw: 67.2±3.5%; p≤0.05). There was no significant increase in DNA damage at any timepoint for the chilled, EquiPlus-stored samples. This study shows that the co

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Stable Cycling of Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries with High-Capacity Cathode Presodiation

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Advanced Energy Materials 2025年

作者： Tang, Wei Xu, Dapeng Wu, Junlin Lee, Dong Ju Fuqua, Alexander Li, Feng Jeon, Yuju Bian, Wenjuan Chen, Zheng Aiiso Yufeng Li Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Energy and Environment Science and Technology Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID83415 United States Sustainable Power and Energy Center University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

Sodium all-solid-state batteries (NaSSBs) with an alloy-type anode (e.g., Sn and Sb) offer superior capacity and energy density compared to hard carbon anode. However, the irreversible loss of Na+ at the alloy anode during the initial cycle results in diminished capacity and stability, impairing full-cell performance. This study presents an easy-to-implement cathode presodiation strategy by employing a Na-rich material to address these challenges. Leveraging the high theoretical capacity and suitable voltage window, Na2S is chosen as the Na donor, which is activated by creating a mixed electron-ion conducting network, delivering a high capacity of 511.7 mAh g−1. By adding a small amount (i.e., 3 wt.%) of Na2S to the cathode composite, a NaCrO2 || Sn full cell demonstrated capacity improvement from 90.8 to 118.2 mAh g−1 (based on cathode mass). The capacity-balanced full cell can thus cycle to more than 300 times with >90% capacity retention. This work provides a practical solution to enhance the full-cell performance and advance the transformation from half-cell to full-cell applications of NaSSBs. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Solid-State Batteries

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Analysis of Technological Systems for Improving Drivers' Thermal Comfort

Engineering Reports

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engineering Reports 2025年第4期7卷

作者： Duzgun, Mert Ozarisoy, Bertug Altan, Hasim Moshaver, Sam Mechanical Engineering Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Mersin 10 Turkey College of Technology and Environment London South Bank University London United Kingdom College of Architecture and Design Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Eastern Province Dhahran Saudi Arabia College of Communication Architecture + The Arts Florida International University MiamiFL United States

This study investigates the integration of adaptive thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) systems in modern vehicles, emphasizing their impact on occupant well-being and automotive design innovation. The research examines state-of-the-art advancements in vehicle climate control technologies, from past developments to emerging smart thermal management solutions. It explores how artificial intelligence (AI), biometric monitoring, and energy-efficient climate control systems are transforming in-car comfort, ensuring dynamic adaptation to occupant needs while improving energy efficiency. A qualitative research methodology was adopted, incorporating explanatory and descriptive analysis. Data was collected through an extensive review of archival records, technical specifications, industry reports, and photographic sources to assess the evolution and effectiveness of thermal comfort technologies. The findings indicate that innovative HVAC and IAQ systems significantly enhance both driver and passenger comfort, leading to higher consumer demand for vehicles equipped with these technologies. Furthermore, the study highlights that future thermal comfort solutions will align with evolving user expectations, regulatory standards (such as ASHRAE-55 and EN-16798), and global sustainability goals. By bridging automotive engineering, human-centered design, and energy-efficient climate control, this study provides valuable insights into the next generation of intelligent vehicle comfort systems. The results offer a framework for optimizing thermal regulation strategies and demonstrate the potential of integrating adaptive climate control with AI-driven environmental sensing to enhance in-car experiences. Future research should focus on expanding AI-based climate personalization models and evaluating user perceptions of smart comfort technologies in real-world driving conditions. © 2025 The Author(s). engineering Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Thermal comfort

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Advanced landfill leachate treatment: Sequential electrocoagulation and electrooxidation system for efficient remediation

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Journal of Water Process engineering 2025年 74卷

作者： Justen, Nicóli Borba, Fernando H. Mayer, Ildemar Seibert, Daiana Inticher, Jonas J. Ferreira Piazzi Fuhr, Ana C. Carissimi, Elvis Leichtweis, Jandira Postgraduate Program of Environment and Sustainable Technologies Federal University of Fronteira Sul Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580 RS Cerro Largo 97900-000 Brazil Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering West Paraná State University Rua da Faculdade 645 Jd. Santa Maria PR Toledo 85903-000 Brazil Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Pelotas 1 Gomes Carneiro St. RS Pelotas 96010-610 Brazil Department of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Av. Roraima 1000 RS Santa Maria 97105-000 Brazil

The treatment of concentrated landfill leachate generated by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes represents a significant challenge. This concentrate is characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals, contaminants of emerging concern, dissolved salts, and organic compounds. In this study, a novel advanced treatment system integrating an Electrocoagulation Reactor with a subsequent electrooxidation process was proposed. Two anode/cathode arrangements were evaluated: electrocoagulation followed by electrooxidation with “boron-doped diamond” and steel electrodes, and electrocoagulation followed by electrooxidation with “boron-doped diamond” and aluminum electrodes, focusing on their effectiveness in degrading contaminants and improving the quality of the treated concentrated landfill leachate. In order to monitor the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process and integrated systems, the degradation of the physicochemical parameters of absorbance at 254 nm, total organic carbon, and turbidity were investigated. Within the best performance, acute toxicity indices (Artemia salina - LC50) were determined and possible degradation and/or formation of contaminants of emerging concern were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results indicated the mineralization of 73 % of total organic carbon and 25 % of total nitrogen, an increase in the biodegradability fraction (BOD5/COD) of the concentrated landfill leachate from 0.18 to 0.35, as well as a significant reduction in toxicity (LC50 of 54.4 %), demonstrated by Artemia salina bioassays. The reduction in toxic potential was also observed in the by-product analysis by GC–MS, which indicated the removal of emerging contaminants such as benzene, 2-(2-methoxy-1-propenyl)-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio) and phenol, 2,2′-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-. These findings highlight that the integration of the electrocoagulation process with electrooxidation us

关键词： Concentrated landfill leachate Contaminants of emerging concern Electrocoagulation Electrooxidation

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Modeling a comprehensive multi-criteria, multi-period framework for assessing global sustainability performance: Insights from 164 selected countries

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Ecological Modelling 2025年 507卷

作者： Terra dos Santos, Luiz C. Giannetti, Biagio F. Agostinho, Feni Almeida, Cecilia M.V.B. Post-graduation Program in Production Engineering Paulista University Brazil State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University China

Global concerns regarding sustainable development have become commonplace in all decision-making scales and have been accompanied by the need to develop proper modeling systems. Indicators and goals recognizing the interconnections between social, economic, and ecological systems are increasingly acknowledged as a necessary pathway, urging research efforts and extensive literature reviews to explore and combine indicators. The Five Sectors Sustainability Model is presented as a multi-criteria decision-making tool to compose a comprehensive view of global sustainability performance between 2000 and 2022, considering the progress or deviation from proposed goals and targets. Since few publications address the challenges faced in all geographic regions, especially in the Global South, this study presents the Five Sector Sustainability Model as a multi-criteria decision-making tool for ranking sustainability performance in 164 nations. The results indicate that few nations remained at the top of the sustainability ranking, primarily due to environmental and economic factors, while 58 countries maintained a medium sustainability level. At the other end of the spectrum, 12 countries consistently ranked low in sustainability performance throughout the studied timeframe. The diversity of economies at each sustainability level and their performance over time suggests that, despite the United Nations' fundamental role in supporting countries to overcome sustainability challenges, the growth of international cooperation for sustainable development and the global approach to the Sustainable Development Goals, local initiatives remain essential for fostering global sustainability. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Sustainable development goals

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Statistical trend characteristics of rainfall over Kerala, India evaluated through analysing modern era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2) reanalysis data

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Bulletin of Atmospheric Science and Technology 2025年第1期6卷 1-38页

作者： Modon Valappil, Ninu Krishnan de Oliveira Júnior, José Francisco Mendes, David Jamjareegulgarn, Punyawi Hamza, Vijith Environmental Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang 11800 Malaysia Laboratory of Applied Meteorology and Environment (LAMMA) Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (ICAT) Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) LourivalMeloMota avenue S/N Alagoas Tabuleiro dos Martins Maceió CEP: 57072-970 Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Aerospace Engineering – PPGEA Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova RN Natal Brazil Prince of Chumphon Campus King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chumphon 86160 Thailand Kerala State Disaster Management Authority Kerala Thiruvananthapuram 695033 India

Statistical trends of rainfall (annual and seasonal rainfalls) in Kerala, India were characterised using the 44-years (1980–2023) data of Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) version 2. Monthly rainfall data were collected from the selected fifty locations which represent the state as a whole, and the collected data were then categorised into annual as well as seasonal (winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon) datasets based on the classification proposed by Indian Meteorological Organisation (IMD). Lag-1 autocorrelation, modified Mann Kendall (mMK), Pettitt test and Theil-Sen’s slope methods were used to determine the statistical characteristics of rainfalls in Kerala. Mean rainfalls were 3124 mm, 66 mm, 527 mm, 1667 mm and 862 mm, respectively, for annual, winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon periods. mMK based statistical trend analysis revealed an overall decreasing trend characteristics in annual (-0.54 mm.y⁻¹), monsoon (-1.20 mm.y⁻¹), and post-monsoon (-0.93 mm.y⁻¹) seasons whereas winter and summer rainfalls showed an increasing trend (0.67 mm.y⁻¹ and 3.40 mm.y⁻¹, respectively) for the state as a single unit. Pettitt test indicated four dominant periods of change in rainfall characteristics in the study area that spanned over the decades of 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010, in which major changes in annual and seasonal rainfalls were occurred during 1990’s, 2000’s and 2010’s. Theil-Sen’s slope-based estimation of rate of change in rainfall showed an average variation of -4.33 mm.y⁻¹, 0.17 mm.y⁻¹, 6.27 mm.y⁻¹, -6.54 mm.y⁻¹ and − 3.28 mm.y⁻¹ for annual, winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Though the winter and summer rainfalls showed an increase in its rate during the period of analysis, annual rainfall showed an overall reduction in the amount of rainfall received in the state. The study ulti

关键词： MERRA-2 Modified Mann Kendall Period of change Rainfall variation Spatial statistics

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Application of heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with modified zeolite for removal of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic-resistant genes from swine farm wastewater

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Journal of environmental Management 2025年 384卷 125486页

作者： Changduang, Athitaya Thayanukul, Parinda Punyapalakul, Patiparn Limpiyakorn, Tawan International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Environmental Technology and Management Faculty of Environment Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Faculty of Science Mahidol University at Salaya Nakhon Pathom Thailand Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management Bangkok Thailand Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Biotechnology for Wastewater Engineering Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with modified zeolite was introduced for the removal of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) to reduce environmental impact of the substance residues in swine farm effluent. The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with 100 g/L of the modified zeolite and 2 mM H2O2 could completely remove amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TC), and tiamulin (TIA) in the swine farm effluent within 30 min. However, the antibiotic removal in the swine farm effluent was slower than in the ultrapure water. The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction removed approximately 45–60% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and reduced the dissolved organic matter (DOM) sizes in the swine farm effluent. The large molecular size humic-like DOM co-existing in the swine farm effluent could probably decelerate the antibiotic removal via competitive adsorption and oxidation. To inactivate high-tolerant AMX-resistant E. coli, the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction required 3-fold less exposure time than the H2O2 oxidation. No regrowth of the high-tolerant AMX-resistant E. coli was observed when the exposure time of the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction was longer than 6 h. The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction required the exposure time of 24 h to reduce the blaTEM genes, the AMX-resistant genes, of the high-tolerant AMX-resistant E. coli to the level of lower than the limit of detection. The results suggest that different reaction times are required for the removal of antibiotics (within 30 min), ARB (over 6 h), and ARGs (within 24 h). Furthermore, the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction with the modified zeolite is a promising technology for sequential and efficient removal of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs residues in swine farm effluent before being discharged into the environment. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Escherichia coli

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environmental monitoring and impact assessment of a solid waste disposal site

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environmentAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 1997年第1期48卷 1-24页

作者： Muttamara, S Leong, ST Environmental Engineering Program School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Pattrumthani Thailand

The objective of this study is an attempt to conduct an environmental monitoring and impact assessment of the On-Nooch solid waste disposal site in Bangkok, Thailand. Four water and five air sampling stations (2 upwind and 3 downwind directions:) were established at the site. Grab water samples from leachate treatment plant and Khlong Song I-long, a nearby stream, were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. Analytical results of the waste water discharged by the leachate treatment plant, during dry season showed chemical oxygen demand: 618 mg/l;biochemical oxygen demand: 80 mg/l;suspended solid: 101 mg/l;Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen: 283 mg/l, which were still higher than standard limit for effluents in Thailand. During the dry season, results also showed widespread heavy metal pollution from leachate (chromium: 1.03 mg/l;manganese: 1.07 mg/l;mercury: 0.025 mg/l) and were higher than the allowable level of heavy metals for the Industrial Effluent Standard in Thailand. The direct discharge of untreated leachate into inland water will cause considerable water pollution in the study area. Composite air samples in this study area were collected during the rainy and dry seasons and were analyzed for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (GO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and suspended particulate matter (SPM). The average concentration of SPM ranged between 0.1-0.36 mg/m(3) for 24-hour average, depending upon the season. The level of CH4 and CO2 in the ambient air of the study area were found to be 3.48-65.71 mg/m(3) and 886-1758 mg/m(3) respectively which were much higher than the normal concentration of CH4 and CO2 in the air (CH4: 2.41 mg/m(3);CO2:585 mg/m(3)). Hence, adverse health and environmental effects could be expected from water and air pollution.

关键词： Bangkok environmental monitoring impact assessment Thailand waste disposal

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Reinforcement learning for efficient and robust multi-setpoint and multi-trajectory tracking in bioprocesses

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Espinel-Ríos, Sebastián Avalos, José L. Chanona, Ehecatl Antonio del Rio Zhang, Dongda Biomedical Manufacturing Program Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Clayton Australia Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton United States Omenn-Darling Bioengineering Institute Princeton University Princeton United States The Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment Princeton University Princeton United States High Meadows Environmental Institute Princeton University Princeton United States Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom

Efficient and robust bioprocess control is essential for maximizing performance and adaptability in advanced biotechnological systems. In this work, we present a reinforcement-learning framework for multi-setpoint and multi-trajectory tracking. Tracking multiple setpoints and time-varying trajectories in reinforcement learning is challenging due to the complexity of balancing multiple objectives, a difficulty further exacerbated by system uncertainties such as uncertain initial conditions and stochastic dynamics. This challenge is relevant, e.g., in bioprocesses involving microbial consortia, where precise control over population compositions is required. We introduce a novel return function based on multiplicative reciprocal saturation functions, which explicitly couples reward gains to the simultaneous satisfaction of multiple references. Through a case study involving light-mediated cybergenetic growth control in microbial consortia, we demonstrate via computational experiments that our approach achieves faster convergence, improved stability, and superior control compliance compared to conventional quadratic-cost-based return functions. Moreover, our method enables tuning of the saturation function’s parameters, shaping the learning process and policy updates. By incorporating system uncertainties, our framework also demonstrates robustness, a key requirement in industrial bioprocessing. Overall, this work advances reinforcement-learning-based control strategies in bioprocess engineering, with implications in the broader field of process and systems engineering. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Trajectories

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Blue light-enhanced Desmodesmus sp. biomass yield in requirement opposite for high yields of macronutrient starvation-based lipid or nutritional excess-based pigment using red light

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Aquaculture 2025年 606卷

作者： Módenes, Aparecido Nivaldo Trigueros, Daniela Estelita Goes da Cruz, Tainá Michelle Espinoza-Quiñones, Fernando Rodolfo de Souza Braniz, Taysa Gonçalves, Vanessa Daneluz Schuelter, Adilson Ricken Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering Western Parana State University – UNIOESTE Rua Guaira 3141 Jd. La Salle PR Toledo 85903-000 Brazil Department of Environment State University of Maringá - UEM Avenida Ângelo Moreira da Fonseca 1800 PR Umuarama 87506-370 Brazil Postgraduate Program of Agricultural Engineering Western Parana State University – UNIOESTE Rua Universitária 2069 Jd. Universitário PR Cascavel 85819-110 Brazil

The present work has aimed to optimize the amounts of lipids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls yielded by microalga Desmodesmus sp. in photobioreactors, performing suitable changes in nutritional and colored light source conditions. The enhancement of byproduct yields was also addressed, based on white and colored lights. 16-day algal growth kinetic tests were performed, testing white, blue, red, and green lights. Based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a 3²-factorial design was applied, combining suitable changes in concentration factors of both primary nutrients K₂HPO₄ and NaNO₃. A significant improvement in the production of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and lipids in a red-light-based illuminance was observed. Finally, increasing the amounts of K₂HPO₄ and NaNO₃ in a red light environment allowed the attainment of the highest yields of carotenoids and chlorophylls, in contrast with a high yield of lipids due to applying nutritional stress with an amount decrease of K₂HPO₄ and NaNO₃. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Colored LED lights Macronutrient changes Microalga Desmodesmus sp. Mineral nutrient medium Pigments and lipids yields

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