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Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticles:Bridging the gap between gas-phase molecules and larger particles

Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 183-202页

作者： Chao Peng Chenjuan Deng Ting Lei Jun Zheng Jun Zhao Dongbin Wang Zhijun Wu Lin Wang Yan Chen Mingyuan Liu Jingkun Jiang Anpei Ye Maofa Ge Weigang Wang State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS)CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Environment Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519082China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices Department of ElectronicsSchool of Electronics Engineering and Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Atmospheric nanoparticles are crucial components contributing to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),and therefore have significant effects on visibility,climate,and human *** to the unique role of atmospheric nanoparticles during the evolution process from gas-phase molecules to larger particles,a number of sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed and employed for online monitoring and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles,helping us to better understand the formation and growth of new *** this paper,we firstly review these state-of-the-art techniques for investigating the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles(e.g.,the gas-phase precursor species,molecular clusters,physicochemical properties,and chemical composition).Secondly,we present findings from recent field studies on the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles,utilizing several advanced ***-more,perspectives are proposed for technique development and improvements in measuring atmospheric nanoparticles.

关键词： Nanoparticle Measurement techniques Size distributions Physical properties Chemical composition

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Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline vehicles

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 71-81页

作者： Lewei Zeng Fengbin Wang Shupei Xiao Xuan Zheng Xintong Li Qiyuan Xie Xiaoyang Yu Cheng Huang Qingyao Hu Yan You Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300300China CATARC Automotive Test Center(Guangzhou)Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 511300China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

On-road tailpipe ammonia (NH3) emissions contribute to urban secondary organic aerosol formation and have direct or indirect adverse impacts on the environment and human health. To understand the tailpipe NH3 emission characteristics, we performed comprehensive chassis dynamometer measurements of NH3 emission from two China 5 and two China 6 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) equipped with three-way catalytic converters (TWCs). The results showed that the distance-based emission factors (EFs) were 12.72 ± 2.68 and 3.18 ± 1.37 mg/km for China 5 and China 6 LDGVs, respectively. Upgrades in emission standards were associated with a reduction in tailpipe NH3 emission. In addition, high NH3 EFs were observed during the engine warm-up period in cold-start cases owing to the intensive emissions of incomplete combustion products and suitable catalytic temperature in the TWCs. Notably, based on the instantaneous NH3 emission rate, distinct NH3–emitting events were detected under high/extra high velocity or rapid acceleration. Furthermore, NH3 emission rates correlated well with engine speed, vehicle specific power, and modified combustion efficiency, which were more easily accessible. These strong correlations were applied to reproduce NH3 emissions from China 5/6 LDGVs. The predicted NH3 EFs under different dynamometer and real-world cycles agreed well with existing measurement and prediction results, revealing that the NH3 EFs of LDGVs in urban routes were within 8.55–11.62 mg/km. The results presented here substantially contribute to improving the NH3 emission inventory for LDGVs and predicting on-road NH3 emissions in China.

关键词： NH3 instantaneous emissions Catalytic temperature Vehicle specific power Combustion efficiency Emission prediction

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Efficient photocatalytic reduction of chromium(Ⅵ) using photoreduced graphene oxide as photocatalyst under visible light irradiation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第32期91卷 17-27页

作者： Mei Yu Jing Shang Yu Kuang Department of Environment and Health State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Graphene oxide(GO),a new and promising material,has been widely used as a co-catalyst in photocatalytic reactions;however,its capacity as a sole photocatalyst has rarely been *** this study,ultraviolet(UV) light irradiation was used as a modification method to obtain reduced GO(rGO) *** samples were used as photocatalysts to examine their visible light photocatalytic activity toward hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)) *** force microscopy(AFM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),UV-vis spectrophotometry,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and electron spin resonance(ESR) spectroscopy were applied to interpret the surface and structure changes with UV *** oxygen-containing functional groups(OFGs) on the GO surface were reduced to defective carbons andπ-conjugated C=C(sp^(2) domains) under UV light;this led to a decrease in the interlayer distance between GO sheets,GO fragmentation,and increased disorder on the GO *** restoration of sp^(2) domains led to a narrower band gap of GO,which favored the rGO excitation by visible light to generate electron-hole *** rGO pre-irradiated with UV for 1 h(rGO-1),possessing the highest defect density and electron generation efficiency,exhibited the best Cr(Ⅵ) reduction efficiency,which was about three times that of the GO sample;moreover,it outperformed most of the reported GO-based *** addition,low pH and the addition of citric acid as a hole scavenger could further improve the photocatalytic *** study proves that GO or rGO can be used as a sole photocatalyst under visible light to remove environmental pollutants such as heavy-metal ions,and it paves the way for the development of this kind of material and its UV-irradiation modification for further applications.

关键词： Graphene oxide Chromium(Ⅵ) Defect density UV-irradiation modification Photocatalytic reduction

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An AuNPs/Mesoporous NiO/Nickel Foam Nanocomposite as a Miniaturized Electrode for Heavy Metal Detection in Groundwater

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 199-208页

作者： Boyuan Xue Qian Yang Kaidong Xia Zhihong Li George Y.Chen Dayi Zhang Xiaohong Zhou State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Institute of MicroelectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber SensorsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of New Energy and Environment Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China The Research Institute of Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) Tsinghua UniversitySuzhou 215000China

Heavy metals,notably Pb2+and Cu^(2+),are some of the most persistent contaminants found in *** monitoring of these metals,which relies on efficient,sensitive,cost-effective,and reliable methods,is a *** present a nanocomposite-based miniaturized electrode for the concurrent measurement of Pb2+and Cu^(2+)by exploiting the electroanalytical technique of square wave *** also propose a facile in situ hydrothermal calcination method to directly grow binder-free mesoporous Ni O on a three-dimensional nickel foam,which is then electrochemically seeded with gold nanoparticles(Au NPs).The meticulous design of a low-barrier Ohmic contact between mesoporous Ni O and Au NPs facilitates target-mediated nanochannel-confined electron transfer within mesoporous Ni *** a result,the heavy metals Pb2+(0.020 mg.L^(-1)detection limit;2.0–16.0 mg.L^(-1)detection range)and Cu^(2+)(0.013 mg.L^(-1)detection limit;0.4–12.8 mg.L^(-1)detection range)can be detected simultaneously with high ***,other heavy metal ions and common interfering ions found in groundwater showed negligible impacts on the electrode’s performance,and the recovery rate of groundwater samples varied between 96.3%±2.1%and 109.4%±0.6%.The compactness,flexible shape,low power consumption,and ability to remotely operate our electrode pave the way for onsite detection of heavy metals in groundwater,thereby demonstrating the potential to revolutionize the field of environmental monitoring.

关键词： AuNPs Mesoporous NiO Miniaturized electrode Heavy metal ions Groundwater Square wave voltammetry

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Heteroatomic Modification of Solid-Waste-Based Mesoporous Carbon for Volatile Organic Compound Adsorption

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2023年第1期25卷 66-78页

作者： Liu Jun Li Zhi Xu Ke Zhang Xinyang Li Yunpeng Wang Ya Zhang Yongfa Yang Song Liu Shoujun Li Junhua College of Chemistry Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and EquipmentSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization College of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024 Shandong Pengda Ecological Technology Co. Ltd.ZiboShandong 255420 Taiyuan Green Coke Energy Co. Ltd.Taiyuan 030006

Solid-waste-based activated carbon(AC)was utilized as a carbon source to synthesize a series of carbon-based functional material RAC-X(X=P and S,where P and S denote phosphoric and sulfuric acids,respectively).The toluene adsorption capacities of the regeneration AC(RAC)samples can be significantly improved by adopting the heteroatomic modification ***-P and RAC-S have the same specific surface area(1156 m^(2)/g)and similar porous ***,they have different toluene adsorption capacities,with 316.22 mg/g for RAC-P and 460.12 mg/g for RAC-S,which are 1.6 and 2.4 times greater than that for *** X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that the increase in the amount ofπ–π^(2)chemical bond over the AC surface results in the improvement of the toluene adsorption *** density functional theory results showed that the S-containing functional groups loaded near the defect sites of RAC-S promote toluene ***,reusability tests showed that RAC-S still retains 86%of its adsorption activity after four consecutive adsorption–desorption *** indicates that the heteroatomic modification method affords excellent toluene adsorption performance and recycling practicability,which not only is beneficial for achieving the rational utilization of solid waste resources but also provides a practical method for the efficient elimination of volatile organic compounds.

关键词： waste activated carbon toluene adsorption heteroatomic modification functional groups DFT analysis

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Black titanium dioxide nanomaterials for photocatalytic removal of pollutants:A review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第17期112卷 239-262页

作者： Ying Liang Guohe Huang Xiaying Xin Yao Yao Yongping Li Jianan Yin Xiang Li Yuwei Wu Sichen Gao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control China-Canada Center for EnergyEnvironment and Ecology ResearchUR-BNUSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Environmental Systems Engineering University of ReginaReginaSKS4S 0A2Canada State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution(SKLMP) City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of ReginaReginaSaskatchewanS4S 0A2Canada

Semiconductor photocatalysis is one of the most widely used environment-friendly technologies for removing various *** a well-developed photocatalyst,titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))still has limits in its wide bandgap and rapid recombination rate of photogenerated charge ***,black TiO_(2)appears as a strong candidate in the improvement of sunlight harvesting,because of its excellent absorption capacity and utilization of solar *** extensive applications in both environmental and energy fields,the use of black TiO_(2)as a photocatalyst in pollutant removal is *** primary objective of the review is to comprehensively evaluate the applications of black TiO_(2)in photocatalytic removal of contaminants,including conventional organic contaminants,emerging contaminants,microbes,and heavy *** basic properties,photocatalytic mechanism,and synthesis of black TiO_(2)have been summarized and ***,the stability and recoverability of black TiO_(2)have also been ***,the perspectives of the application of black TiO_(2)in pollutant removal have been further discussed.

关键词： Photocatalysis Back TiO_(2) Ti^(3+)self-doping Nanomaterials Pollutant removal

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Improving Fugitive Dust Emission Inventory from Construction Sector Using UAV Images Recognition

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Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2024年第8期24卷 1-18页

作者： He, Yuyao Jang, Jicheng Zhu, Yun Chiang, Pen-Chi Xing, Jia Wang, Shuxiao Zhao, Bin Long, Shicheng Yuan, Yingzhi Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control College of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou510006 China Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering Taiwan University Taipei10673 Taiwan Carbon Cycle Research Center National Taiwan University Taipei10672 Taiwan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Over rapidly developing and urbanizing countries, frequent construction activities are the primary drivers behind the substantial emissions and contributors of fugitive dust. In this study, an innovative method was developed to compile a high-resolution spatiotemporal emission inventory from construction sector, utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. This methodology offered detailed activity level information by distinguishing various types of construction lands and equipment. Focusing on the Shunde District of Guangdong in China, the new emission inventory derived from this method highlighted that travel, topsoil excavation, and loading collectively contributed up to 90% of particulate matter (PM) emissions during the earthwork phase. Moreover, this new inventory rectified the tendency of traditional methods to underestimate PM10 emissions and overestimate PM2.5 emissions, while revealing the non-linear relationship between PM emissions and construction area. This improved PM emission inventory appeared to precisely identify major emission hotspots and enhanced performance of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, and the correlation coefficient (R-value) is 0.08 ± 0.02 higher than that of the traditional emission inventory. Post integration of monitoring data through the Software for the Modeled Attainment Test-Community Edition (SMAT-CE), the contributions of construction dust to local PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were estimated at 3.27 ± 0.8 µg m–3 and 1.11 ± 0.27 µg m–3, respectively, with more pronounced impacts observed in the central, northwestern, and south-central zones of the study region. This study provides valuable insight for improving construction dust and PM emission inventories, which should be benefiting the development of air pollution prevention and control strategies over this study area as well as other rapidly growing urban areas. © The Author(s).

关键词： Image enhancement

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Biofuel Recovery from Plantain and Banana Plant Wastes:Integration of Biochemical and Thermochemical Approach

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2593-2629页

作者： Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa Mingqiang Sheng Ndungutse Jean Maurice Xinxin Liu Zelong Wang Fengmin Chang Bo Huang Kaijun Wang School of Environment and Civil Engineering Nanchang Institute of Science and TechnologyNanchang330108China School of Infrastructure Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Globally,fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate ***,creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is *** biomass has gained significant attention recently as a renewable material for biofuel *** large amounts of plantain and banana plant parts wasted after harvesting,as well as the peels generated daily by the fruit market and industries,demonstrate the potential of bioenergy *** review briefly assesses plantain and banana plant biomass(PBB)generated in the developing,developed,and underdeveloped countries,the consumable parts,and feasible products *** emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly adopted treatment technologies of composting,incineration,and ***,the utilization of PBB as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis was briefly *** optimize recovery of biofuel,different integration routes of pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,fermentation,hydrothermal carbonization,hydrothermal liquefaction,and hydrothermal gasification for the valorization of the PBB were *** complex compounds present in the PBB(hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin)can be converted into valuable bio-products such as methane gas and bio-ethanol for bioenergy,and nutrients to promote bioactive *** investigation of the viability and innovation potential of the integrated routes’technology is necessary to improve the circular bio-economy and the recovery of biofuels from biomass waste,particularly PBB.

关键词： Bio-chemical bio-fuel integration plantain and banana waste:renewable materials

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Extruded monolith MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) catalyst for NH_(3)-SCR of low temperature flue gas from an industry boiler:Deactivation and recovery

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第9期41卷 1336-1343,I0002页

作者： Wei Shi Jingjing Liu Ying Zhu Lin Zhao Yonggang Wang Zhaohuan Cheng Xueping Peng Xiaoyan Shi Yunbo Yu Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Tianjin Cement Industry Design&Research Institute Co LtdTianjin 300400China

The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_(x) with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR) technology has been widely applied for reducing NO_(x) emissions from stationary and mobile *** this work,the extruded monolith MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) catalyst was installed in a cement kiln for NH_(3)-SCR of NO_(x),where the flue gas temperature was 110-140℃.It is found that the monolith catalyst is severely deactivated after operating for about 200 h with almost no NO_(x) conversion at 160℃ under GHSV of 50000 h^(-1),while the fresh monolith catalyst remains 60% NO_(x) *** electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),temperature-programmed desorption of SO_(2)(SO_(2)-TPD) and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTG) experiments reveal that both MnO_(x) and CeO_(2) oxides in monolith are severely sulfated to manganese sulfate and cerium sulfate,and the external monolith walls are covered by massive ceria sulfate and little ammonium *** situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier trans form spectroscopy(DRIFTS) analysis demonstrates that the formation of nitrates at low temperatures is inhibited due to the occupation of active sites in MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) by sulfates,resulting in the decrease of low temperature *** washing with water,the activity of deactivated monolith catalyst can be partially recovered,together with significant loss of manganese and cerium from monolith.

关键词： Low temperature NH_(3)-SCR MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) Extruded monolith catalysts Deactivation Recovery Rare earths

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Constructing extrinsic oxygen vacancy on the surface of photocatalyst as CO_(2)and electrons reservoirs to improve photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction activity

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 37-45页

作者： Zaiyong Jiang Hao Li Zhimin Yuan Zheng Wang Maohong Fan Wenkang Miao Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Weifang UniversityWeifangShandong 261061China Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Constructing own oxygen vacancies in the photocatalysts is a very promising method to improve their photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction ***,some catalysts have excellent stabilities,making it difficult for them to construct their own oxygen *** simplify the above difficulty of stable photocatalysts,constructing extrinsic oxygen vacancies on their surface as a novel idea is ***,a stable TiO_(2)nanosheet is chosen as a research object,we uniformly deposited BiOCl quantum dots on their surface via a simple adsorption-deposition *** is found that BiOCl quantum dots are able to simultaneously self-transform into defective BiOCl with many oxygen vacancies when the photocatalyst is performed photocatalytic CO_(2)*** extrinsic oxygen vacancies can act as“CO_(2)and photo-generated electrons reservoirs”to improve CO_(2)capture and accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and *** the above reasons,the modified TiO_(2)showed obvious enhancement of photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction compared to pristine TiO_(2)and *** work may open a new avenue to broaden the use of oxygen vacancies in the process of photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： Oxygen vacancy BiOCl Photocatalyst CO_(2)reduction TiO_(2)

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