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第二届中日化工学术研讨会

作者：张建黄霞刘超翔施汉昌胡洪营邵长飞刘志强 Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Qingdao Institute of Architecture and Engineering Qingdao 266033 Shandong China Qingdao Institute of Architecture and Engineering Qingdao 266033 Shandong China

A pilot subsurface infiltration system filled with red clay and cinder was constructed in a village located in Dianchi valley to treat rural sewage. At first, the system was continuously fed with rural sewage at a hydraulic loading of 2 cm/d. Average removal rates of COD, T-P, NH4+-N and T-N over the operation period of four months were achieved as 82.7%, 98.0%, 70. 0% and 77. 7% respectively. The low nitrogen removal rates were attributed to insufficient nitrification. Intermittent operation was adopted to improve nitrogen removal. Obvious improvement on T-N removal was found. T-N removal rate, over 80%, could be achieved even the hydraulic loading rose up to 6 cm/d. Soil oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) measurement showed that oxidative environment was enhanced through intermittent operation which encouraged nitrification reaction. Correspondingly, soil nitrification potential could be increased from less than 0. 8 mg/(kg ·h) at continuous feeding mode to about 1. 6 mg/(kg ·h) at intermittent operation mode.

关键词： subsurface infiltration system, intermittent operation, nitrogen removal, nitrification

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Influence of fuel quality on vehicular NOx emissions

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 265-271页

作者： WANG Shao xia, SHAO Min, ZHANG Yuan hang (state joint key laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, Center for environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center for Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China.

The quality of gasoline and diesel fuel affects pollutant emissions from vehicles. By applying the COMPLEX model, developed by the US EPA and industry to relate fuel composition to vehicle emissions, this paper estimates the influence of improvements in gasoline quality to lower vehicular NOx emissions. A case study is performed for Guangzhou City that has NOx concentrations significantly above the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). The paper discusses the potential for reducing NOx in Guangzhou by improving the quality of gasoline.

关键词： Air quality Automotive fuels Gasoline

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environmental impact of radionuclide migration in groundwater from a low intermediate level radioactive waste repository

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第2期13卷 180-184页

作者： J S Wang Z F Yang S S Li Z M Wang Institute of Environmental Sciences Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing 100875 China.

The radionuclide migration from a certain Chinese repository with low-intermediate level radioactive solid waste is studied. The migration in groundwater is analyzed and computed in detail. Under presumption of normal releasing, or the bottom of the repository has been marinated for one month with precipitation reaching 600 mm once and a 6 m aerated zone exists, a prediction for 7 radionuclides is conducted. It shows that the aerated zone is the primary barrier for migration. The migration for radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, 90Sr, 63Ni, etc. will be retarded in it within 500 years. The concentration of 239Pu will be decreased by amount of 6 order. Only 3H and 14C can migrate through the aerated zone. The radionuclides that go through the aerated zone and enter the aquifer will exist in spring, stream and sea. Based on this, the intake dose by residents in different age group resulting from drinking contaminated spring water, eating seafood is calculated. The results showed that the impact of the repository to the key resident group is lower than the limit in national repository regulation standard. This complies with the repository management target.

关键词： intermediate level radioactive waste repository environmental impact of radionuclide migration in groundwater from a low

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Estimation of the radionuclide distribution in sediment in coast area

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 398-400页

作者： SHEN Zhen-yao YANG Zhi-feng LI Wei-juan NI Shi-wei YAO Lang-gen CAI Yuan Institute of Environmental Science Beijing Normal UniversityState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlBeijing 100875China China Institute for Radiation Protection Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation Environmental SimulationTaiyuan 030006China

The study of the radionuelide distribution in sediment is a very important aspect in environmental impact of the low level radioactive liquid waste (LLW) from coastal nuclear facilities or nuclear power plant. Even now we do not know much about it. In this paper, a simple and useful method is put forward and it is used to estimate the nuclide distribution in sediment. The result showed that the LLW from nuclear facility or nuclear power plant will do a little harm to the sediment nearby. But the harm is not very serious. Much works have to be done before full understanding of the situation.

关键词： radionuclide coast area deposit characteristic sediment

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A HIGH-ORDER-ACCURATE DIFFERENCE SCHEME WITH UNCONDITIONAL STABILITY FOR THE DIFFUSION EQUATION ON NONUNIFORM GRIDS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第1期13卷 92-98页

作者： Wang Xuan, Yang Zhi-feng state key laboratory of environment simulation and pollution control, Institute of environmental Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China[WT5”HZ] State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Institute of Environmental Sciences Beijing Normal University

WT5”BZ]A high-order-accurate difference scheme with unconditional stability is developed for the diffusion equation on nonuniform grids. The theoretical analysis shows that the accuracy of this scheme is between third order and fourth order, and fourth-order accuracy is achieved in the case of the same grid steps being used within the computational domain. Two numerical examples are given to demonst ate the advantages of the proposed scheme. Compared with the conventional difference scheme, more accurate numerical solution can be obtained by using the proposed scheme even with relatively larger grid sizes. It is also pointed out that the appropriate structure of the nonuniform grid can not only make the proposed scheme more practical, but lead to a solution superior to that for a uniform grid structure. [WT5”HZ]

关键词： ]finite difference scheme diffusion equation nonuniform grid high accuracy computational fluid dynamics

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SPECTRUM CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR IONCONCENTRATIONS AT WUHAN SECTOIN OF THECHANGJIANG RIVER

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Chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 29-34页

作者： XIA Xing-hui1, CHEN Jing-sheng2, CAI Xu-yi3(1. Institute of environmental Sciences, Beijing Normal University / state key joint laboratory of environmentalsimulation and pollution control, Beijing 100875, P. R. China 2. Department of U Institute of Environmental Sciences Beijing Normal University/ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing P.R. China Department of Urban & Environmental Science Peking University Beijing P. R. China Geography Department Graduate School of University of Science and Technique of China Beijing P. R. China

ABSTRACT: Spectrum analyses of water quality time series have been carried out for five hydrometric stations including Wuhan hydrometric station of the Changjiang( Yangtze) River, etc. The fluctuations of Ca2 +, Mg2+ and HCO3-concentrations in river water under different physical geography conditions have about two-year cycle which is corresponding to hydrometeorological quasi-biannual-oscillation(QBO). Na + Cl- SO2-4 have about two-year cycle in the area lightly affected by human activities while two-year cycle doesn’t exist in the area heavily affected by human activities. All the fluctuations of major ions have about three-month cycle. The river discharge fluctuation accounts for 43. 9% , 45.1%, 54.3%, 33.9%, 30.3% and 42. 7% of the variance of Ca2 +, Mg2+ HC03-, Na+ Cl-, SO2-4, respectively, at Wuhan from 1962 to 1985. According to the spectrum characteristic of major ions, the duration of the time series has to be at least 13 years for trend analysis of monthly water quality data.

关键词： major ions spectrum characteristic of water quality water quality change the Changjiang River

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SEPARATION OF THORIUM FROM YTTERBIUM WITH CYANEX272 BY USING A HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE EXTRACTOR

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2001年第2期000卷 132-136页

作者： F.J. Zhang F. Luo D.Q. Li and Y.L. Wu (laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China) (state key joint of environment simulation and pollution control Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，The Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China State Key Joint of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control，Institute of Environment Sciences，Beijing Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics，Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，The Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China

1. IntroductionThe methods of effectively separating and purifying rare earth metals have becomemore and more important in connection with increasing interest in the development ofnew advanced material by utilizing rare earth metals in a highly-purified state. Solventextraction is one of the most effective methods for separation and purification of rare earthmetals on an industrial scale[*** extraction technology of hollow fibber membrane (HFM) is a new kind of separation method as combined processes of ...

关键词： hollow fibber membrane(HFM) transfer his(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (HBTMPP)

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Application of Microbial BOD Sensors in Marine Monitoring

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Marine Science Bulletin 2001年第1期3卷 69-73页

作者：张悦王建龙李花子施汉昌竺建荣 tate Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 tate Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 strain of yeast which can endure high osmotic pressure is employed for the sensitive material of the microbial BOD sensor. Two immobilization methods are used i.e. calcium alginate gel beads and PVA gel beads. The results show that the PVA gel beads is better. The influences of osmosis and heavy metal ions on the yeast entrapped in the PVA gel beads are also studied in the experiment.

A strain of yeast, which can endure high osmotic pressure, is employed for the sensitive material of the microbial BOD sensor. Two immobilization methods are used, I.e. Calcium alginate gel be ads and PV A gel beads. The results show that the PVA gel beads is better. The influences of osmosis and heavy metal ions on the yeast entrapped in the PVA gel beads are also studied in the experiment.

关键词： Biochemical oxygen demand, microbial sensor, yeast, immobilized cells, marine pollution, monitoring

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Bioaugmentation: a new strategy for removal of recalcitrant compounds in wastewater—a case study of quinoline

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2000年第1期12卷 24-27页

作者： HAN Li-ping WANG Jian-long SHI Han-chang QIAN Yi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

To demonstrate the feasibility of using bioaugmentation to enhance biodegradation of quinoline, four strains capable of using quinoline as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy were isolated from different environmental samples by enrichment technique. Screening for quinoline degrader with the highest quinoline mineralizing rate was carried out in respirometer and one bacterium identified as \%Burkholderia pickettii W2\% was chosen as inoculum in bioaugmentation tests. Quinoline biodegradation experiment results showed that this bacterium degraded quinoline very quickly. 100, 200 and 500 mg/L quinoline can be transformed completely within 1, 2 and 7 hours respectively. A bioaugmentation procedure was proposed and laboratory experiments confirmed that bioaugmentation was an effective way to improve the performance of traditional wastewater treatment facilities for quinoline removal. The effect of inoculum size on bioaugmentation was also investigated in this paper.

关键词： bioaugmentation biodegradation quinoline inocula CLC number: X703 Document code: A

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Performance of Submerged Membrane Bioreactor for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2000年第3期5卷 237-240页

作者：黄霞桂萍钱易 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

In the present research, a submerged membrane bioreactor was tested to treat domestic wastewater. Three experimental runs were conducted all with a hydraulic retention time of 5h and sludge retention times (SRTs) of 5, 10, and 20 d. The pollutant removal performance of the membrane bioreactor, the membrane effluent quality, and a kinetic model for sludge growth in the bioreactor were investigated. The combined process was capable of removing over 90% of both COD (chemical oxygen demand) and NH 3 N on the average. The total removal for COD was almost independent of SRT, but that for NH 3 N improved with increasing SRT. Membrane effluent quality meets the water quality standard for reuse issued by the Ministry of Construction of China. Increasing SRT causes the concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) in the bioreactor to increase. However, the ratio of VSS/SS did not change much. Kinetic analysis showed that the sludge yield coefficient (kg VSS·kg COD -1 ) and the endogenous coefficient of microorganisms were 0.25 and 0.04d -1 , which are similar to those of the conventional activated sludge process. 

关键词： submerged membrane bioreactor domestic wastewater treatment pollutant removal performance effluent quality sludge retention time sludge growing kinetics

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