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Carbon Nanofibers in Predicted environmentally Relevant Concentrations Intensify Monocystis Sp. Infection and Affect the Lumbricus Terrestris Earthworms' Health

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Montalvão, Mateus Flores Gomes, Alex Rodrigues Guimarães, Abraão Tiago Batista de Lima Rodrigues, Aline Sueli de Matos, Letícia Paiva dos Santos Mendonça, Juliana da Luz, Thiarlen Marinho da Silva Matos, Stênio Gonçalves Rahman, M. Safiur Ragavendran, Chinnasamy Senthil-Nathan, Sengottayan Guru, Ajay Rakib, Md. Refat Jahan Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar Rahman, Md. Mostafizur Rocha, Thiago Lopes Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza Md. Malafaia, Guilherme Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia MG Uberlândia Brazil Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento 25 Km Zona Rural GO Urutaí Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources Goiano Federal Institute GO Urutaí Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Federal University of Goiás GO Goiânia Brazil Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Bangladesh Periyar University India Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Alwarkurichi Tamil Nadu Tirunelveli627 412 India Department of Cariology Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS Tamil Nadu Chennai600 077 India Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Jahangirnagar University Dhaka1342 Bangladesh Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health Federal University of Goiás Goiás Goiania Brazil Department of Disaster Management Begum Rokeya University Rangpur5400 Bangladesh

Although the ecotoxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) is known, the potential effect of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on edaphic organisms has not been evaluated. Thus, we aimed at the ecotoxicity of CNFs (at 10 and 100 mg/kg) in Lumbricus terrestris earthworms naturally infected with Monocystis sp. After 28 days of exposure, treatments did not affect the survival rate. However, we observed a significant loss of body biomass, and Monocystis sp. infection in seminal vesicles was potentiated by exposure to CNFs. Earthworms exposed to CNFs showed a redox imbalance in the seminal vesicle, muscle, and intestine and an alteration in nitric oxide production in these organs. In muscles, we also noticed a significant reduction in AChE activity in earthworms exposed to CNFs. The histopathological analyses revealed the treatments' significant effect on the structures of the different evaluated tissues. Although we did not notice a concentration-response for several of the biomarkers, when taken together and after the application of IBRv2 and principal component analysis (PCA), we noticed that the response of earthworms to CNFs at 100 mg/kg showed a more significant deviation from the unexposed group. This was mainly determined by inhibiting antioxidant activity in the seminal vesicle, biochemical biomarkers assessed in muscle and intestine, and histomorphometric muscle biomarkers from earthworms exposed to CNFs at 100 mg/kg. Thus, we demonstrate that CNFs increase the parasite load of Monocystis sp. of adult L. terrestris earthworms and induce biochemical changes and histopathological changes, especially at 100 mg/kg. Our results point to the additional impact these nanomaterials can have on the health of earthworms, signaling the need for greater attention to their disposal and ecotoxicological effects on soil organisms. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomarkers

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Political ecology of the Southeastern sector of Lahar flood disaster prone areas of Semeru Volcano, Lumajang, East Java

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3019卷

作者： Eko Teguh Paripurno Wahyu Sugeng Triadi Arif Rianto Budi Nugroho Aditya Pandu Wicaksono Nandra Eko Nugoroho Wiratama Putra Master Program of Disaster Management Faculty of Mineral Technology UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia Geological Engineering Faculty of Mineral Technology UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia Environmental Engineering Faculty of Mineral Technology UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia Master of Geological Engineering Faculty of Mineral Technology UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia

The eruption of the Semeru Volcano on December 4, 2021 triggered huge losses for people living in disaster-prone areas of the Semeru Volcano Eruption. At least 1,027 residential houses were seriously and lightly damaged, dozens of people were found dead, and more than 10,565 people were displaced. The eruption of the Semeru Volcano has also resulted in massive land use changes, especially in the 2 villages with the most severe impacts, namely Supiturang Village, Pronojiwo District, and Sumberwuluh Village, Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency. The focus of this research is analyzing land change due to the 2021 eruption as well as analyzing the mal-operational practices of sand mining in the lava flow of Semeru Volcano with a political ecology lens. This research was conducted using a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods are carried out by geospatial analysis using Sentinel satellite imagery, to calculate the area of land change affected by lava flows and visualization of spatial data. While the quantitative method was carried out using in-depth interviews and documentation on communities affected by the eruption to dig up information related to the focus of this research. The results of this study are the distribution of rain lava floods in December 2021 covering Supiturang Village including Koboan Curah Hamlet, Room A, and Sumbersari. Meanwhile, Sumberwuluh Village includes Kamar Kajang Hamlet, Renteng Village, and Kebondeli, and has an impact on residents’ agricultural land to settlements with an area of 9.60 km2. The widespread distribution of rain lava in Sumberwuluh Village and the enlargement of the impact of rain lava floods were triggered by the morphology of the lower area of the embankment, to poor mining operations. In the 2021 eruption period, agricultural land buried by rain lava material reached 3.59 km2 in Supiturang and Sumbermujur villages; The condition of the survivors of the Semeru Volcano eruption in 2021 is

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Distribution, sources and ecological risk of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from a polluted urban river in central Bangladesh

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environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and management 2020年 14卷

作者： Khan, Rahat Islam, Md. Syful Tareq, Abu Rayhan Mohammad Naher, Kamrun Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Habib, Md. Ahosan Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar Islam, Mohammad Amirul Das, Sopan Rashid, Md. Bazlar Ullah, A. K. M. Atique Miah, Md. Moazzem Hossain Masrura, Sayeda Ummeh Bodrud-Doza, Md. Sarker, Mizanur Rahman Badruzzaman, Abu Borhan M Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Savar 1349 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Physics University of Chittagong Chittagong 4331 Bangladesh Chemistry Division Atomic Energy Centre Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Disaster Management Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh Geological Survey of Bangladesh Segunbaghicha 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS) Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhanmondi 1205 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Civil Engineering (Environmental) Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Climate change program BRAC 1000 Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Geological Sciences Jahangirnagar University Savar 1342 Dhaka Bangladesh

To assess the spatial and layer-wise distributions of 26 elements (Na, Al, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sb, Co, Ba, Zn, Rb, Cs, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb, Ta, Hf, Th and U) as well as the spatial distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a polluted urban river (Turag, Bangladesh), benthic sediment samples from 11 different sampling stations were analyzed. Concentrations of Ti, Cr, Mn, Zn, Rb and Cs ranged from 2330 to 5490, 23–116, 186–4298, 34–7345, 77–186 and 2.19–12.0 μg.g⁻¹(dw), respectively, whereas concentrations of ∑PAHs ranged from 45.8 to 1901 with an average value of 432 μ***⁻¹(dw) in surface sediments. Geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor and pollution load index were used to assess the contamination level. Among the 26 elements, Zn is identified as the major elemental contaminant which shows significant layer-wise variations (RSDs: 21.7–221 %) at all sampling sites. Similarly, Cr, Mn, Ti, V, Fe and Co show layer-wise variation in some specific sampling sites which invokes variable contamination flux over the industrialization and/or urbanization period. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation study ascertained several anthropogenic sources for heavy metal contaminations. Although rare earth elements (La, Ce, Sm, Eu and Yb) seem to have crustal origin, their layer-wise variations are assumed to represent the sediment response toward the pollution load. Integrated study based on the diagnostic ratios and PCA depicted that pyrolytic origins mostly govern the PAHs distributions. Sediments quality guidelines (SQGs) indicated that the highest potential ecological risks occurred for Zn and fluorene at some specific sampling sites. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ecological risks Elemental distributions Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons The turag river sediments

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Influence of chemical activation on synthesis of carbon nanoparticles via carbonization from lignin

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2279卷

作者： N. Ngamthanacom N. Kaewtrakulchai W. Chaiwat L. Chuenchom M. Fuji A. Eiad-ua 1College of Nanotechnology King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Bangkok 10520 Thailand 2Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Sai yok Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand 3Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Prince of Songkhla University Songkhla 90112 Thailand 4Advanced Ceramic Research Center Nagoya Institute of Technology Tajimi Gifu 507-0033 Japan

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been successfully synthesized from waste lignin via carbonization and base activation. The effect of base activation on lignin transformation to carbon nanoparticles was investigated. The physicochemical properties of CNPs were comprehensively characterized through a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Surface area and pore analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the condition using 5 wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbonization at 700°C on the N2 atmosphere exhibited the highly porous structure of carbon nanoparticles. In conclusion, the NaOH-treated CNPs led to the production of high specific surface areas and high micropore volumes.

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Retraction notice to "Cellulose microcrystalline: A promising ecofriendly approach to control Culex quinquefasciatus larvae" [STOTEN 901 (2023) 165952]

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The Science of the total environment 2024年 957卷 177685页

作者： Sindoval Silva de Souza Alex Rodrigues Gomes Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues Letícia Paiva de Matos Juliana Dos Santos Mendonça Thiarlen Marinho da Luz Stênio Gonçalves da Silva Matos M Safiur Rahman Chinnasamy Ragavendran Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan Ajay Guru Md Refat Jahan Rakib Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak Md Mostafizur Rahman Thiago Lopes Rocha Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Guilherme Malafaia Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Federal University of Goi'as Goiânia GO Brazil Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento 25 km Zona Rural Urutaí GO Brazil. Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento 25 km Zona Rural Urutaí GO Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil. Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil. Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali 3814 Bangladesh. Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals (SIMATS) Saveetha University Chennai Tamil Nadu India. Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Alwarkurichi Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu 627 412 India. Department of Cariology Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS Chennai 600 077 Tamil Nadu India. Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Darussalam Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India. Jahangirnagar University Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh. Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health Federal University of Goiás Goiânia Goiás Brazil. Department of Disaster Management Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh. Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil

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Cellulose microcrystalline: A promising ecofriendly approach to control Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

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The Science of the total environment 2023年 901卷 165952页

作者： Sindoval Silva de Souza Alex Rodrigues Gomes Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues Letícia Paiva de Matos Juliana Dos Santos Mendonça Thiarlen Marinho da Luz Stênio Gonçalves da Silva Matos M Safiur Rahman Chinnasamy Ragavendran Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan Ajay Guru Md Refat Jahan Rakib Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak Md Mostafizur Rahman Thiago Lopes Rocha Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Guilherme Malafaia Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Federal University of Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento 25 km Zona Rural Urutaí GO Brazil. Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus. Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento 25 km Zona Rural Urutaí GO Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil. Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil. Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali 3814 Bangladesh. Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals (SIMATS) Saveetha University Chennai Tamil Nadu India. Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Alwarkurichi Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu 627 412 India. Department of Cariology Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS Chennai 600 077 Tamil Nadu India. Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Darussalam Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India. Jahangirnagar University Dhaka-1342 Bangladesh. Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health Federal University of Goiás Goiânia Goiás Brazil. Department of Disaster Management Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh. Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural

The growing use of synthetic chemical compounds/substances in vector control of mosquitoes, associated with their adverse effects on the environment and non-target organisms, has demanded the development of eco-friendly alternatives. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal action of different cellulose microcrystalline (CMs) concentrations and investigate their toxicity mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus fourth instar larvae as a model species. Probit analysis revealed that the median lethal concentrations (LC) for 24 h and 36 h exposure were 100 and 58.29 mg/L, respectively. We also showed that such concentrations induced a redox imbalance in the larvae, marked by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as a reduction in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, different alterations in the external morphology of the larvae were associated with the ingestion of CMs. On the other hand, exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to LC24h and LC36h for seven days did not induce any behavioral changes or alterations mutagenic, genotoxic, biochemical, or in the production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10. Thus, taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that the use of CMs can constitute a promising strategy in the control of C. quinquefasciatus larvae, combining insecticidal efficiency with an "eco-friendly" approach in the fight against an important mosquito vector of several human diseases.

关键词： Eco-friendly particles Ecotoxicity Larvicide assay Mosquitoes Vector control Zebrafish

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Retraction notice to "Toxicity assessment of SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides in combination with a mix of pollutants on zebrafish adults: A perspective study of behavioral, biometric, mutagenic, and biochemical toxicity" [Sci. Total Environ. 858 Part 2 (2023) 159838]

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The Science of the total environment 2024年 957卷 177710页

作者： Ítalo Nascimento Freitas Amanda Vieira Dourado Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo Sindoval Silva de Souza Thiarlen Marinho da Luz Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães Alex Rodrigues Gomes Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Md Mostafizur Rahman Andrés Hugo Arias Davoodbasha Mubarak Ali Chinnasamy Ragavendran Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Guilherme Malafaia Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil. Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil. Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil. Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Federal University of Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil. Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources Goiano Federal Institute Urutaí GO Brazil. Begum Rokeya University Department of Disaster Management Rangpur 5404 Bangladesh. Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology Department of Environmental Sciences Jahangirnagar University Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO) Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET Florida 8000 Complejo CCT CONICET Bahía Blanca Edificio E1 B8000BFW Bahía Blanca Argentina. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410 Brunei Darussalam. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai India. Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM) Directorate of Research and Virtual Education SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) Kattankulathur 603203 Tamil Nadu India. Post-Graduation Program in Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia MG Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Federal University of Goiás Goiânia GO Brazil

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Toxicity assessment of SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides in combination with a mix of pollutants on zebrafish adults: A perspective study of behavioral, biometric, mutagenic, and biochemical toxicity

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The Science of the total environment 2023年第PT 2期858卷 159838页

The dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 in aquatic environments via the discharge of domestic and hospital sewage has been confirmed in different locations. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the possible impacts of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposure to SARS-CoV-2 peptide fragments (PSPD-2001, 2002, and 2003) alone and combined with a mix of emerging pollutants. Our data did not reveal the induction of behavioral, biometric, or mutagenic changes. But we noticed an organ-dependent biochemical response. While nitric oxide and malondialdehyde production in the brain, gills, and muscle did not differ between groups, superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in the "PSPD", "Mix", and "Mix+PSPD" groups. An increase in catalase activity and a reduction in DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed in the brains of animals exposed to the treatments. However, the "Mix+PSPD" group had a higher IBRv2 value, with NO levels (brain), the reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity (muscles), and the DPPH radical scavenging activity (brain and muscles), the most discriminant factors for this group. The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis indicated a clear separation of the "Mix+PSPD" group from the others. Thus, we conclude that exposure to viral fragments, associated with the mix of pollutants, induced more significant toxicity in zebrafish adults than in others.

关键词： Biomarkers COVID-19 Danio rerio Freshwater ecosystems Non-target organisms Novel coronavirus

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