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arXiv 2024年

作者： Violette, Daniel P. Steinhebel, Amanda Roy, Abhradeep Boggs, Ryan Caputo, Regina Durachka, David Fukazawa, Yasushi Hashizume, Masaki Hesh, Scott Jadhav, Manoj Kierans, Carolyn Kumar, Kavic Kushima, Shin Leys, Richard Metcalfe, Jessica Metzler, Zachary Nakano, Norito Peric, Ivan Perkins, Jeremy Seo, Lindsey Taylor Shin, K.-W. Striebig, Nicolas Suda, Yusuke Tajima, Hiroyasu NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan NASA Wallops Flight Facility Wallops IslandVA United States Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Aichi Japan ASIC and Detector Laboratory Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa CruzCA United States

A next-generation medium-energy (100 keV to 100 MeV) gamma-ray observatory will greatly enhance the identification and characterization of multimessenger sources in the coming decade. Coupling gamma-ray spectroscopy, imaging, and polarization to neutrino and gravitational wave detections will develop our understanding of various astrophysical phenomena including compact object mergers, supernovae remnants, active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts. An observatory operating in the MeV energy regime requires technologies that are capable of measuring Compton scattered photons and photons interacting via pair production. AstroPix is a monolithic high voltage CMOS active pixel sensor which enables future gamma-ray telescopes in this energy range. AstroPix’s design is iterating towards low-power (∼1.5 mW/cm2), high spatial (500 µm pixel pitch) and spectral (2 building block of future large area AstroPix instruments, such as ComPair-2 and AMEGO-X. This payload will be the first demonstration of AstroPix detectors operated in a space environment and will demonstrate the technology’s readiness for future astrophysical and nuclear physics applications. In this work, we overview the design and state of development of the A-STEP payload. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

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Relative humidity levels associated with increases in microbial growth and MVOC emissions in carpet and drywall 16

Relative humidity levels associated with increases in microb...

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16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020

作者： Haines, Sarah R. Hall, Emma C. Misztal, Pawel K. Goldstein, Allen H. Adams, Rachel I. Dannemiller, Karen C. Environmental Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

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Comparing dry and wet sieving with laser diffraction to the hydrometer method for particle size analysis of sandy bioretention soil media

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Soil science Society of America Journal 2025年第3期89卷

作者： Joseph S. Smith R. Andrew Tirpak William R. Osterholz Ryan J. Winston Department of Food Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit Columbus Ohio USA Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA Sustainability Institute The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA

Standardization of particle size analysis (PSA) is crucial to ensure the proper blending of stormwater filter media such as bioretention soil media (BSM). BSM typically contains >80% sand and is amended with organic matter and fines (silt and clay) to support pollutant removal. However, there is currently no standardized PSA method to verify whether BSM meets design specifications. This study compares three PSA methods—hydrometer, dry sieving with laser diffraction (DS + LD), and wet sieving with laser diffraction (WS + LD)—to evaluate their accuracy and repeatability for analyzing sandy BSM. Twenty-seven BSM samples were collected from three bioretention cells in Ohio. Substantial variability in results was observed depending on the BSM sample mass used in the hydrometer method. Triplicate BSM analyses by both DS + LD (83.9 ± 1.7% sand, 9.6 ± 3.0% silt, 6.5 ± 2.7% clay) and WS + LD (84.1 ± 1.7% sand, 10.6 ± 2.2% silt, 5.3 ± 1.7% clay) demonstrated high intra- and inter-method agreement, especially for sand content. The hydrometer and WS + LD methods were the most consistent for measuring clay content. We recommend measuring the sand and fines fractions separately after appropriate dispersion when conducting PSA on sandy soils like BSM. Although PSA requires additional time and cost, ensuring the proper delivery of well-characterized BSM outweighs the costs of potential bioretention cell clogging and reconstruction. The method used for BSM textural analysis should be reported by laboratories and on delivery of BSM. Future research should focus on BSM pretreatment methods prior to analysis of the mineral fraction to establish a standardized method for BSM PSA. This study looks at how to best measure particle sizes in soil engineered rain gardens called bioretention cells. Bioretention soil media (BSM) is made mostly of sand with some silt, clay, and organic matter to help filter pollutants from stormwater. There is no standard method to check if BSM is mixed correctl

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King Palm Shells (Archontophoenix Alexandrae) Colonized by Lentinula Edodes as a New Bioproduct for Ruminant's Diet: In Vitro Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Greenhouse Gases Parameters

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Timm, Thaynã Gonçalves Moreira da Rocha, Bruno Savio, Renan Lima Camargo, Gabriel Santos Magnani, Elaine Loregian, Kalista Eloisa Cagliari, Amanda Regina Casagrande, Ana Claudia Helm, Cristiane Vieira Ballod Tavares, Lorena Benathar Marcondes, Marcos Inácio Branco, Renata Helena Paula, Eduardo Marostegan Del Bianco Benedeti, Pedro Environmental Engineering Graduate Program Universidade Regional de Blumenau SC Blumenau89030-000 Brazil Department of Animal Sciences Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina SC Chapecó89815-630 Brazil Institute of Animal Science Beef Cattle Research Center SP Sertãozinho14160-970 Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Research Center of Forestry Embrapa Florestas PR Colombo83411-000 Brazil Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States

Feeding is one of the greatest expenses of an animal production system. Thus, agroindustrial by-products, such as king palm shells, are potential alternative ingredients for decreasing costs on ruminant production. However, it is necessary to improve the nutritional quality of this biomass and increase its digestibility. This improvement can occur through bioconversion by basidiomycete fungi, such as Lentinula edodes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a new bioproduct on ruminal fermentation parameters using in vitro system. The bioproduct was developed by solid-state fermentation of king palm shells, supplemented with soybean meal and cassava bagasse, by Lentinula edodes. To assess the potential of this bioproduct for beef cattle diets, three in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the in vitro gas production profiles, enteric methane and carbon dioxide production, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia-nitrogen, comparing the bioproduct with corn silage (Exp. 1), brachiaria hay, and sugarcane (Exp. 2), and the replacing of corn silage in beef cattle finishing diets (0, 33, 66, and 100%) (Exp. 3). For Exp. 1 and 2, the first 24 h of total GP bioproduct had the lowest value comparing to corn silage, brachiaria hay, and sugarcane, as well as for 48 h and 72 h (P 0.05). Furthermore, the NDF degradation rate decreased within the bioproduct inclusion levels (P 0.05). Our results suggest that the studied bioproduct may be included as roughage in the diet for finishing beef cattle, maintaining the nutritional quality of the diet, and not affecting negatively the ruminal fermentation, besides producing lower greenhouse gasses. The proposed sustainable bioproduct can be a potential alternative technology for an environment-friendly cattle production and clearly several economic, social, and environmental benefits, promoting the circular bioeconomy. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Relative humidity level influences the morphology of fungal growth in carpet 16

Relative humidity level influences the morphology of fungal ...

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16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020

作者： Nastasi, Nicholas Haines, Sarah Xu, Lingyi da Silva, Hadler Divjan, Adnan Rappleye, Chad A. Perzanowski, Matthew S. Dannemiller, Karen C. Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Science Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Microbiology College of Arts and Sciences Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

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Sequential Action-Based Dynamic Decision-Support Model for Urban Ecological Planning

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution Team SK forest Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Ave DavisCA95616 United States Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. However, tools to support stepwise mitigation strategies that account for dynamic ecological responses to continuing urban development are limited. Therefore, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision-making model to simulate stepwise mitigation measures in space over time using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focused on exploring the ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures through four decades to identify trade-offs and optimal plans that minimize landscape connectivity and edge density as ecological responses to urban development and minimize implementation costs per action. The results showed that adopting an initial low-investment strategy with sequential planning significantly enhanced potential ecological benefits beyond the 2000s compared with one-action planning. In contrast, the initial high-cost investment exhibited a gradual decline in the ecological benefits over time from 1995. The initial low-cost investment presented an opportunity to enhance ecological benefits by implementing early mitigation measures in locations capable of sustaining long-term ecological functions. The results suggest that sequential planning offers valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning by analyzing time-series data. This study enables step-by-step scenario testing, thereby supporting the facilitation of urban and regional sustainability planning. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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A cross-sectional study on gut microbiota and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease

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The American journal of the medical sciences 2025年

作者： Bruna R Paiva Júnia Schultz Fluvio Modolon Jessyca S de Brito Julie A Kemp Marcia Ribeiro Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Lia S Nakao Drielly Vargas Beatriz G Baptista Larissa Fonseca Livia Alvarenga Intikhab Alam Roberto Incitti Alexandre Soares Rosado Ludmila F M F Cardozo Denise Mafra Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. Bioscience Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Makkah 23955 Saudi Arabia. Oceanographic Institute University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil. Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI/Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil. Department of Basic Pathology Federal University of Paraná Curitiba PR Brazil. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Computational Bioscience Research Center Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Makkah 23955 Saudi Arabia. Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil Graduate Program in Medical Sciences Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil. Electronic address: dmafra30@***.

BACKGROUND:This study investigated the inflammatory and gut microbiota profile in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS:A total of 249 patients undergoing HD and 61 patients on PD participated in the study. The mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2), nuclear factor-κappa B (NF-κB), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by quantitative real-time PCR. Malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and routine biochemical parameters were also analyzed. The fecal DNA extraction was performed, and the V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced. Uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (p-CS), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plasma levels were determined by HPLC. RESULTS:MDA, IS, and p-CS levels were lower in PD than in HD patients. The mRNA expression of the transcription factors was not different between groups. Gut microbial α-diversity indices showed no significant difference between groups, but the β-diversity was different in PD patients. Members of the genera Meditarraneibacter, Roseburia, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Collinsella, Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Bacteroides, as well as the families Lachnospiraceae and Enterobacteriaceae, appear to be positively correlated with most dietary factors, particularly lipid and phosphorus intake. CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that in patients with CKD on HD, there is increased plasma retention of uremic toxins and reduced gut microbial diversity compared to PD patients.

关键词： chronic kidney disease gut microbiota inflammation mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative stress

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Priority Screening of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (Cecs) in Surface Water: Comparing Cell-Based Bioassays and Exposure-Activity Ratios (Ears)

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Heuvel, John Patrick Vanden Granda, Megan Ferguson, Francesca M. Glaberman, Scott R. Preisendanz, Heather E. Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Penn State University University ParkPA United States INDIGO Biosciences Inc. 3006 Research Drive State CollegePA16801 United States Institute for Sustainable Agricultural Food and Environmental Science The Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA16802 United States Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Penn State University University ParkPA United States Department of Entomology Penn State University University ParkPA United States Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Penn State University University ParkPA United States George Mason University Department of Environmental Science and Policy FairfaxVA United States Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Penn State University 122 Agricultural Sciences and Industry Building University ParkPA16802 United States

In this study, we compared a wide range of cell-based bioassays to the use of chemical analysis followed by exposure-activity ratio (EAR) and Toxicological Prioritization index (ToxPi) for prioritizing chemicals, sites, and hazard concerns in water samples. Surface water samples were collected from nine sites in three Central Pennsylvania streams and analyzed for a targeted list of compounds of emerging concern (CECs), including pesticides, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals. Cell-based reporter assays evaluated human and zebrafish molecular initiating events (MIEs) in endocrine and metabolic disruption, altered lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Bioassays showed that 29 out of 40 assays had at least one site with activity over the limit of detection. The receptors that exhibited the highest number of samples above the effect-based trigger (EBT) values that would be expected to cause toxicity were Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR, human and zebrafish), Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), Estrogen Receptor-beta (ERB), and Androgen Receptor (AR). Characterizing the collection sites by their bioactivity aligned closely with the stream in which samples were collected, with the three sites in Warriors Mark Run, three in Halfmoon, and three in Spruce Run more similar than sites from the other streams. The sum of all EARs for each chemical indicated that the pharmaceutical Carbamazepine and the pesticides Carbaryl and Atrazine posed the greatest concern. However, predicted activity and site prioritization based on individual chemical analysis and calculated EAR were different than those measured by bioassay, indicating that biologically active chemicals are present in the samples that were not included in the targeted analytes. Taken together, these data show that chemical analysis and EAR analysis are beneficial for prioritization of chemicals, whereas mechanism-based bioassays are more inclusive of known as well as unknown chemical contaminants and thus of more use fo

关键词： Water quality

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Landscape Design for Improved Thermal Environment: An Optimized Tree Arrangement Design for Climate-Responsive Outdoor Spaces in Residential Buildings

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Chae Yeon Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Hyuck Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution team SK forest Seoul Korea Republic of National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8506 Japan Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

The heat reduction effect of trees has been investigated through numerical simulations;however, there are still challenges to applying the scientific results to the planning process due to the model's complexity and the computational resources required. This study investigates a rapid spatial evaluation method for heat stress potential, measured by mean radiant temperature (MRT), by decomposing radiation into sub-radiation using a multilayer MRT model. This method also enables the reproduction of optimized layouts considering the effect of tree arrangement in residential buildings. Multi-objectives were achieved through an evolutionary algorithm, resulting in more effective design layouts combining tree types and arrangements, all within a standard budget. By adopting this study's approach, landscape designers can create climate-responsive tree layouts with reduced heat exposure and generate customized planting designs tailored to their preferences. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Hospital Admission Risks and Excess Costs for Neurological Symptoms Attributable to Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in New York State, USA

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Min, Jieun Lee, Whanhee Bell, Michelle L. Kim, Yijun Heo, Seulkee Kim, Ga Eun Kim, Jee Hyun Yun, Ji Young Kim, Soo In Schwartz, Joel Ha, Eunhee Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering College of Information and Biomedical Engineering Pusan National University Yangsan Korea Republic of Yale School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Psychiatry Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Neurology Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Health Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health BostonMA United States Department of Medical Science Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Institute Seoul Korea Republic of

Background: Although emerging evidence suggests that PM2.5 is linked to neurological symptoms (NSs) via neuroinflammation, relevant studies are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the risks and excess costs of hospital admission for five NSs—fatigue, headache, dizziness, convulsion, and paralysis—attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 in New York State, ***: We analyzed the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) from 2010 to 2016. A Bayesian hierarchical model with integrated nested Laplace approximations was performed to estimate the risks and excess costs of hospital admission for NSs due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 at the county ***: A 1 µg/m3 increase in lag 0–1 years PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of headache and convulsion by 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) and 1.04 (1.01, 1.06), respectively. The excess hospital admission cost for five NSs attributable to lag 0–1 years PM2.5 above the new World Health Organization guideline (annual standard: 5 µg/m3) was $200.24 (95% CI: 6.00, 376.96) million during 2011–2016, recording the highest for convulsion ($153.73 [95% CI: 63.61, 244.19] million).Conclusions: This study provides quantitative estimates of risks and excess costs for NSs attributable to long-term PM2.5 and suggests that policies that reduce long-term PM2.5 concentration in accordance with the new WHO air quality guidelines can yield substantial health and economic benefits related to NSs in the New York State population. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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