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Assessment of Dar es Salaam's resilience to climate change disasters using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI)

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Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 2024年第3期45卷 475-497页

作者： Mkasimongwa, Simon William Fakour, Hoda Hassani, Hussein Juma Sultan, Basma Abdulla Lai, Hsin-Chih Master Degree Program in Safety and Health Science Chang Jung Christian University Tainan City Taiwan International Program for Sustainable Development International College of Practice and Education for the Environment Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan

Climate change is becoming an increasingly significant issue in Africa, and the need for climate resilience assessment has intensified. Dar es Salam is one of Africa's emerging megacities. With a population of over seven million, which continues to grow, there is an urgent need to understand the city's ability to deal with natural disasters. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was used in this study to assess the city's ability to withstand and cope with climatic hazards. The Index was quantified using sets of dimensions (social, physical, economic, natural, and institutional), with various parameters indicating the city's abilities, strengths, and vulnerabilities to potential climate-related disasters. Despite being moderately resilient to climate change disasters, the results of our study indicate that the city's economic and institutional features obtained the lowest scores and the least resilience level. The study's findings provide a perspective on aspects of the city management sectors in terms of resilience and which should be given greater consideration in order to strengthen the city's current and future resilience. © 2024 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

关键词： climate change flooding resilience weather trends

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Improved quantification of fungi in indoor environmental samples: Free dust compared to filter-bound dust 16

Improved quantification of fungi in indoor environmental sam...

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16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020

作者： Cochran, Samuel J. Bope, Ashleigh Renninger, Nicole Perzanowski, Matthew S. Dannemiller, Karen C. Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health The Ohio State University United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering College of Engineering The Ohio State University United States Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University United States Sustainability Institute Ohio State University United States

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Antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes (ARB and ARG) in water and sewage treatment units: A review

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environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management 2024年 21卷

作者： Flach, Kauane Andressa Bones, Ubiratan Alegransi Wolff, Delmira Beatriz de Oliveira Silveira, Andressa da Rosa, Genesio Mario Carissimi, Elvis Silvestri, Siara Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil

Microorganisms have historically coexisted with humans, animals, and the environment in a natural way. Like any other living being, microorganisms are subjected to environmental pressures that can eventually extinguish or strengthen their existence. In recent years, the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) has raised an alert about their influence on human and animal health. In addition to ARBs found in nosocomial environments, recent studies point to the environment as an auxiliary hotspot for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this sense, this review covers research that investigated ARB and ARG in E. coli and Salmonella, occurrence and potential environmental reservoirs for the spread of antimicrobial resistance, as well as a discussion on how bacterial resistance affects public health, the detection and treatment methods currently employed to reduce or remove this pollutant from water treatment plants (WTP) and sewage treatment plants (WWTP). The results indicated that the great increase in bacterial resistance may be linked, among other reasons, to repetitive contact with residual concentrations of antibiotics present in the environment, causing the bacteria to suffer from selective pressure and if resistant to one or more antibiotics. Thus, public health is compromised, since commonly used antibiotics are often ineffective in treating disease-resistant pathogenic bacteria. From this perspective, studies have shown the importance of consistent detection methods, which allow the tracking and analysis of sources of antimicrobial resistance on a global scale, in addition to the need to improve advanced treatment to reduce the ARG and ARB of WTPs and WWTPs. The first two sections of this review article present an overview of the problems related to the occurrence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria, with a focus on E. coli and Salmonella, identified by the WHO as bacteria of globa

关键词： Advanced treatments Analytical determination Antimicrobial resistance environmental compartments Public health

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Design and prototype development of advanced oxidation black and gray water treatment systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2006年第3期118卷 51-64页

作者： Markle, Stephen P. CDR. STEPHEN P. MARKLE USN (REt.)P.E.a retired US Navy Engineering Duty Officer and is the Engineering Director for Navalis Environmental Systems. His active duty assignments included the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations Director of Surface Warfare as Section Head for Surface Combatant Maintenance and Modernization Program Executive Office Expeditionary Warfare as Assistant Project Manager for the (TAKE 1)Class Program and as Deputy Director Environmental Programs Division at Naval Sea Systems Command. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a Naval Engineers Degree and Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Since 1995 he has authored thirteen published technical papers dealing with environmental issues. CDR Markle is the recipient of Fiscal Year 2001 Individual Environmental Quality Awards and Environmental Excellence in Weapon System Acquisition Team Awards from Naval Sea Systems Command Chief of Naval Operations Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of Defense and the 2001 ASNE “Jimmie Hamilton” award. He is a Professional Engineer registered in the State of New York and Commonwealth of Virginia. He serves as the Chair of the Joint ASNE/SNAME Committee on Environmental Engineering and also as Chair of ASTM Ships and Marine Technology Marine Environmental Protection Subcommittee (F25.06).

Regulations governing the discharge of sewage from ships have been in force since the early 1970's. In response, the marine industry has developed ever more complex systems and processes for managing these wastes. The first compliance method involved holding wastes until they could be legally discharged;as technology advanced, treatment systems were developed and installed to enable discharge within regulated waters. As the size and number of ships as increased with maturation of the ocean tourism business, more restrictive regulations have been enacted to minimize the impact on sensitive waters. The trend is toward increasing regulation of both sewage and graywater. The most recent action occurred on 12 October 2005 when the Governor of California signed into law Senate Bill 771 regulating most ship liquid discharges within state waters. This paper describes the development of an innovative advanced wastewater treatment technology, based on advanced oxidation, bearing in mind the lessons learned from systems developed by industry over the past thirty years.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Dynamics of one-dimensional spin models via complex-time evolution of tensor networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cha, Jeong Hyeok Lee, Hyun-Yong Kim, Heung-Sik Department of Semiconductor Physics Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Earth Environmental System Science and Engineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of Division of Semiconductor Physics Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Department of Applied Physics Graduate School Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Institute of Quantum Convergence Technology Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of

Studying the real-time dynamics of strongly correlated systems poses significant challenges, which have recently become more manageable thanks to advances in density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and tensor network methods. A notable development in this area is the introduction of a complex-time evolution scheme for tensor network states, originally suggested for solving Anderson impurity model and designed to suppress the growth of entanglement under time evolution. In this study, we employ the complex-time evolution scheme to investigate the dynamics of one-dimensional spin systems, specifically the transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) and the XXZ model. Our analysis revisits the dynamic critical exponent z of the TFIM and explores the dynamical structure factor in both gapped and gapless states of the XXZ model. Importantly, the complex-time evolution reproduces the results of real-time evolution while mitigating the rapid growth of quantum entanglement typically associated with the latter. These results demonstrate that the combination of complex-time evolution and extrapolation provides a robust and efficient framework for studying the dynamics of complex quantum systems, enabling more comprehensive insights into their behavior. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Rich learning experiences for minority undergraduate students through inquiry-based project activities in the field and laboratory settings

Rich learning experiences for minority undergraduate student...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit Mitra, Madhumi Stoakley, Rose Turner, Tiara Cherinet, Suraf Ladd, Gabriel Chalyam, Harsha Hartman, Christopher Burrows-Mcelwain, James B. University of Maryland-Eastern Shore United States Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States ASME SME ASEE Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Biology Education Program UMES France Mathematics Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore Department of Mathemtics and Computer Sciences United States Aviation Science Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Graduate Program UMES United States Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Aviation Science Program Department of Engineering and Aviation Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Aviation Program Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences Aviation Program

With support from HBCU-UP (Historically Black College and University Undergraduate program) at National science Foundation (NSF), the ACTION (Advanced Curriculum and Technology-Based Instructional Opportunities Network) program at University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) is promoting inquiry based active learning and research projects among undergraduate STEM (science, Technology, engineering and Mathematics) majors. Field based experiential learning efforts titled (i) AIRSPACES: Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing for Precision Agriculture and environmental Stewardship and (ii) ECPA: environmentally Conscious Precision Agriculture, provided a perfect setting for STEM undergraduates to interact with UMES farm personnel, graduate students, NASA and USDA researchers collaborating with the faculty members in the project. In the summer of 2006 ACTION program supported three undergraduate students to work with the principal author to work on a chosen aspect of the ongoing effort. For this ACTION project students decided to focus on aspects of yield monitoring and remote sensing for the precision agriculture project at UMES. This paper will highlight the student efforts related to the ACTION project for 2006 summer and discuss how the out of classroom, field, and laboratory based activities enhanced learning. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Learning systems

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D-SRGAN: DEM Super-Resolution with Generative Adversarial Networks

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SN Computer science 2021年第1期2卷 48页

作者： Demiray, Bekir Z. Sit, Muhammed Demir, Ibrahim Department of Computer Science University of Iowa Iowa City United States Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics University of Iowa Iowa City United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City United States

Digital elevation model (DEM) is a critical data source for variety of applications such as road extraction, hydrological modeling, flood mapping, and many geospatial studies. The usage of high-resolution DEMs as inputs in many application areas improves the overall reliability and accuracy of the raw dataset. The goal of this study is to develop a machine learning model that increases the spatial resolution of DEM without additional information. In this paper, a GAN based model (D-SRGAN), inspired by single image super-resolution methods, is developed and evaluated to increase the resolution of DEMs. The experiment results show that D-SRGAN produces promising results while constructing 3 feet high-resolution DEMs from 50 feet low-resolution DEMs. It outperforms common statistical interpolation methods and neural network *** study shows that it is possible to use the power of artificial neural networks to increase the resolution of the DEMs. The study also demonstrates that approaches from single image super-resolution can be applied for DEM super-resolution. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Deep learning DEM DEM reconstruction Generative adversarial networks (GANs) Super-resolution

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A productivity analysis considering environmental pollution and diseases in China

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Journal of Economic Structures 2015年第1期4卷 1-19页

作者： Cao, Huijuan Fujii, Hidemichi Managi, Shunsuke Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-20 Aramaki-Aza Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Aoba-Ku Japan Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan Global Environmental Engineering Program School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Queensland University of Technology Level 8 Z Block Gardens Point 2 George St Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia

environmental pollution and human health problems are becoming serious issues in China. This research focuses on regional differences in productive inefficiencies and attempts to clarify the determinants of inefficiency, accounting economic, environmental and health-related factors. Our dataset includes information of 29 areas in China from 2003 to 2009. We find that after accounting for environmental pollution and health impacts, the productive inefficiency of the examined areas reduced;this result holds for both the national and provincial levels. Our results imply that government efforts to improve social welfare should emphasize increases in foreign direct investment and private medical expenditures. JEL codes: I15, O44, O47, R11. © 2015, Cao et al.

关键词： China Disease environmental pollution Regional disparity Weighted Russell directional distance function

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Analytical and experimental studies on human body communication between wristwatch and handheld devices using muscle homogenous phantom at 10 MHz

Analytical and experimental studies on human body communicat...

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作者： Muramatsu, Dairoku Koshiji, Fukuro Koshiji, Kohji Sasaki, Ken Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies Graduate School of Frontier Science University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwano-ha Kashiwa-shi Chiba277-8563 Japan Program in Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kokushikan University 4-28-1 Setagaya Setagaya-ku Tokyo154-8515 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki Noda-shi Chiba278-8510 Japan

In human body communication, it is important to investigate the input impedance characteristics of electrodes and transmission characteristics between transceivers for improving the qualities of communication and reducing power consumption. In this work, we studied the input impedance characteristics and transmission characteristics between a wristwatch device and a handheld device using both a three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation and experiment at 10 MHz. The input impedance and transmission characteristics obtained from the simulation using a muscle homogenous model and those obtained from the measurement using a muscle-tissue-equivalent phantom showed good consistency. The calculated electric field around a human arm decreased as it moved away from the surface of the arm. This distribution of the electric field showed the advantages of human body communication, which are confidential communication and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Moreover, power consumption at the feeding point of the system was calculated from the transmission characteristics obtained from the simulation. This result indicated that human body communication achieves low-power consumption.

关键词： Electrodes

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Microscopic Investigation on Interfacial Transition Zone in Fly Ash Cement Hydrates Using Roof-Tile Waste Aggregate 2nd

Microscopic Investigation on Interfacial Transition Zone in ...

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Civil engineering and Architecture, ICSCEA 2021

作者： Okamoto, Kazuma Huynh, Phat Tan Ogawa, Yuko Kawai, Kenji Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kaganiyama Higashihiroshima Japan Depertment of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kaganiyama Higashihiroshima Japan 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street District 10 Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811933028

Previous studies reported that the strength reduction in fly ash concrete (FAC) can be improved by internal curing with roof-tile waste aggregate (RWA). However, how much the internal curing by RWA improved the compressive strength of FAC was different, and there was no clear explanation on it. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the internal curing in the FAC by examining the range of the internal curing effect with RWA in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around coarse aggregate. Paste and concrete specimens in which part of cement was replaced with fly ash were prepared. For paste specimens, one aggregate particle was placed in the center of the specimen. Vickers hardness around the aggregate in the paste specimen and the compressive strength of the concrete specimen were investigated. As a result, the range of Vickers hardness improvement around RWA changed depending on the replacement ratio of fly ash. This indicates that the internal curing effect differs depending on the mixture proportion of paste matrix such as the replacement ratio of fly ash. Furthermore, it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete increased as the thickness of ITZ around RWA decreased. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Compressive strength

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