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Global variations in critical drought thresholds that impact vegetation

National science Review 2023年第5期10卷 180-193页

作者： Xiangyi Li Shilong Piao Chris Huntingford Josep Pe?uelas Hui Yang Hao Xu Anping Chen Pierre Friedlingstein Trevor F.Keenan Stephen Sitch Xuhui Wang Jakob Zscheischler Miguel D.Mahecha Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCenter for Excellence in Tibetan Earth ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Cerdanyola de Vallès Department of Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Department of Biology Colorado State University Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Department of Mathematics College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of Exeter Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Institut Pierre-Simon LaplaceCNRS-ENS-UPMC-XDépartement de GeósciencesEcole Normale Superieure Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Department of Environmental Science Policy&ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley Department of Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter Department of Computational Hydrosystems Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—Ufz Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research Leipzig University

Identifying the thresholds of drought that,if crossed,suppress vegetation functioning is vital for accurate quantification of how land ecosystems respond to climate variability and *** present a globally applicable framework to identify drought thresholds for vegetation responses to different levels of known soil-moisture deficits using four remotely sensed vegetation proxies spanning *** thresholds identified represent critical inflection points for changing vegetation responses from highly resistant to highly vulnerable in response to drought stress,and as a warning signal for substantial vegetation *** thresholds varied geographically,with much lower percentiles of soil-moisture anomalies in vegetated areas covered by more forests,corresponding to a comparably stronger capacity to mitigate soil water deficit stress in forested ***,those lower thresholds are detected in more humid ***-of-the-art land models,however,overestimated thresholds of soil moisture(*** drought impacts),especially in more humid areas with higher forest covers and arid areas with few forest *** on climate model projections,we predict that the risk of vegetation damage will increase by the end of the twenty-first century in some hotspots like East Asia,Europe,Amazon,southern Australia and eastern and southern *** data-based results will inform projections on future drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and provide an effective tool for drought management.

关键词： drought threshold inflection points vegetation response soil moisture drought impacts

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The Scalability of Third Generation Photovoltaics: Deposition Techniques and Modularity

The Scalability of Third Generation Photovoltaics: Depositio...

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2023 Sharjah International Conference on Physics of Advanced Materials, SICPAM 2023

作者： Ayoub, Mohamad Alashkar, Adnan Mdallal, Ayman Ibrahim, Taleb Khamis, Mustafa Alami, Abdul Hai Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates PhD Program in Materials Science and Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Biology Chemistry and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Center for Advanced Materials Research Research Institute of Science and Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates

The development of third-generation photovoltaic (TGPV) technologies promises to address some of the limitations of conventional silicon-based solar cells. However, the scalability of these technologies is a critical factor in their practical application. TGPV include Perovskite Solar Cells (PSC), Organic Solar Cells (OSC), and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). This paper reviews and summarizes the recent trends and research on the deposition techniques and modularity of TGPV. Various deposition techniques such as slot-die coating, thermal evaporation, and spray pyrolysis are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. Modularity, which allows for the integration of TGPV cells into different structures, is also examined as a critical factor in scalability. The paper concludes that the scalability of TGPV technologies depends on the development of efficient and cost-effective deposition techniques and modularity, which will facilitate the integration of the TGPV cells into various structures and enable the widespread use of these promising technologies. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells

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Elucidating the phytotoxic endpoints of sub-chronic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Endemic Persian Dracocephalum species

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Chemosphere 2025年 370卷 143853页

作者： Chahardoli, Azam Karimi, Naser Sharifan, Hamidreza Department of Biology Faculty of Science Razi University Kermanshah Iran Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at El Paso TX United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso TX United States

This study was designed to investigate the dichotomous effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) at varying concentrations (0, 50, 100, 1000, and 2500 ppm) on the physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative defense responses of Persian dragonhead plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions. Over 21 days of treatment, an increase in fresh shoot biomass by 26.2% and plant height by 18.2% was observed at exposure to 50 ppm TiO2NPs. Exposure to 100 ppm NPs negatively affected the biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll pigments (a, b, and total), and protein content. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed TiO2NPs deposition within intercellular spaces and cell walls of root tissues. The physiological stress was prominent in response to 2500 ppm NPs as evidenced by a significant increase in proline and sugar content compared to the control. The enzymatic antioxidative defense was significantly upregulated by the enhanced activity of catalase (CAT) across exposure ranges 100–2500 ppm NPs, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) at 100 and 2500 ppm NPs, and peroxidase (POD) at 100 ppm NPs in plant roots. The antioxidant proficiency was further corroborated by increases in total flavonoids by 30.43% at 2500 ppm, saponins by 253.7%, and iridoids by 22.3% at 100 ppm NPs, relative to control. The results suggest that TiO2NPs fostered growth promotion at sub-lethal doses, and induced adverse biochemical changes at elevated concentrations, prompting the activation of intrinsic defense mechanisms to enhance plant resilience against NPs stresses. The optimal nano-stimulation performance was observed at 50 ppm TiO2NPs, which was suggested for the high yield targets, signifying a potential boon for agricultural productivity. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Versatile Test Reactor Open Digital engineering Ecosystem

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Insight 2025年第1期28卷 64-68页

作者： Ritter, Christopher Browning, Jeren Suyderhoud, Peter Hays, Ross Marshall, AnnMarie Han, Kevin Ashbocker, Taylor Darrington, John Nelson, Lee Idaho National Laboratory Department of Digital Systems & Engineering Versatile Test Reactor Program Idaho FallsID83401 United States Pivotal Solutions 3 Grace Avenue Suite 162 Great NeckNY11021 United States North Carolina State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 205 N. Mathews Ave. UrbanaIL61801 United States

Modern design of nuclear facilities represents unique challenges: enabling the design of complex advanced concepts, supporting geographically dispersed teams, and supporting first-of-a-kind system development. Errors made early in design can introduce silent errors. These errors can cascade causing unknown risk of complex engineering programs. The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) program uses digital-engineering principles for design, procurement, construction, and operation to reduce risk and improve efficiencies. Digital engineering is an integrated, model-based approach which connects proven digital tools such as building information management (BIM), project controls, and systems-engineering software tools into a cohesive environment. The VTR team hypothesizes using these principals can lead to similar risk and cost reductions and schedule efficiencies observed in other engineering industries. This research investigates the use of a digital engineering ecosystem in the design of a 300-MWt sodium-cooled fast reactor. This ecosystem was deployed to over 200 engineers and used to deliver the conceptual design of the VTR. We conclude that initial results show significant reductions in user latency (1000x at peak use), the possibility of direct finite-element-analysis (FEA) integrations to computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and nuclear reactor system design descriptions (SDDs) that we can fully link throughout design in data-driven requirements-management software. These early results led to the VTR maintaining milestone performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 by Idaho National Laboratory. Published by INCOSE with permission.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactors

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Cationization of Cellulose Dissolved in TEAOH/urea Solvent and its Preparation of Cellulose Beads: Effect of Added Amount of GTAC

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Palpu Chongi Gisul/Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 2022年第6期54卷 85-93页

作者： Kim, Younglae Jang, Minseok Cho, Byoung-Uk Department of Paper Science & Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Program of Paper Material Science & Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

To widen the applications, cationic cellulose beads were synthesized by adding glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) to cellulose fibers dissolved in a mixture of tetraethylammonium hydroxide and urea at room temperature for cationic modification, and dropping the cationic cellulose solution into an acetic acid solution. Herein, the effects of the added GTAC amount on the properties of cationic cellulose soultion and cellulose beads were investigated. It was observed that increasing the amount of GTAC increased the viscosity and surface tension of the cationically modified cellulose solution and increased the particle size of the cellulose beads. Furthermore, the zeta potential of the cellulose beads can be controlled by modifying the GTAC amount. © 2022 Korean Technical Assoc. of the Pulp and Paper Industry. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical modification

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Development of high-accuracy particle concentration prediction model. An application of remote sensing and machine learning 18

Development of high-accuracy particle concentration predicti...

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18th Healthy Buildings Europe Conference 2023: Beyond Disciplinary Boundaries

作者： Moni, Mufaddal Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781713877158

Indoor air is a dominant exposure for humans as more than half of the body’s intake during a lifetime is air inhaled indoors. Most of the buildings in developing nations are openly ventilated, and there is no significant difference between the outside and indoor air. Efforts are being made by authorities to build well-controlled indoor environments. The lack of air pollution monitoring systems is one of the major challenges in identifying high-risk zones where the development of healthy buildings is critical. Ground-based monitoring systems are sparsely distributed in major cities only. Whereas low-cost sensors come with challenges related to calibration, accuracy, and reliability. Satellites provide continuous global coverage with high-resolution AOD data. Though significant work has been done correlating AOD and PM2.5, still the models lack accuracy and transferability. The vertical distribution profile of the aerosols significantly affects the surface level concentration which is not accounted for by the majority of the studies done for AOD-PM2.5 modeling. This study emphasizes the use of high-resolution AOD from CHRISTINE code and aerosol vertical distribution profile, along with meteorological parameters and factors affecting particle size distribution, to develop a step-down methodology for more accurate PM2.5 prediction and transferable a larger geographical range. © Healthy Buildings Europe 2023. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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Top Agricultural Commodities for Agropolitan Development in Nagan Raya District, Aceh, Indonesia 2nd

Top Agricultural Commodities for Agropolitan Development in ...

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2nd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy, ICoBiomasSE 2022

作者： Latif, Abdul Karim, Abubakar Sugianto, Sugianto Romano Ikhwali, M. Faisi Rusdi, Muhammad Doctor Candidate of Agriculture Graduate Program Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Aceh Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819916948

Top commodities are those that can stimulate growth or development in other sectors, both of which supply inputs and use output in the production process. Leading commodities have high rates of economic growth, relatively large distribution rates, high inter-sector linkages, and the ability to create high-added value. The aim of this research is to examine the leading commodities in Nagan Raya District, Aceh, Indonesia, in terms of agropolitan development. The research method is based on (1) descriptive analysis of agricultural commodity potential, (2) Location Quotient (LQ) analysis to determine commodity superiority, (3) Shift Share Analysis (SSA) to determine commodity development priority level, performance sub-district economy and its hierarchical structure based on agricultural commodity resources, and (4) priority analysis for the development of superior commodities. Darul Makmur sub-district has the highest agricultural production with 73,678 tons/year, followed by Beutong (39,514 tons/year), East Seunagan (36,369 tons/year), Tadu Raya (28,488 tons/year), and Seunagan (24,532 tons/year). This output contains oil palm, rubber, rice, corn, soybeans, cassava, long beans, kale, red chili, durian, banana, and papaya. Meanwhile, the results of the priority development of superior commodities analysis show that the districts of Kuala Pesisir, Beutong Ateuh Banggalang, and East Seunagan have the potential to be agropolitan agriculture developments in Nagan Raya. This is supported by positive proportional and regional share growth, as well as land's ability to provide the most superior commodities (15 commodities) compared to other sub-districts. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Agriculture

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Gender Mainstreaming in Drought Disaster Risk Reduction 2

Gender Mainstreaming in Drought Disaster Risk Reduction

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2nd International Conference on sciences and Technology Applications, ICOSTA 2020

作者： Retno Susilorini, Rr M. I. Lika, Rusnianti Rambu Sriyana Angghita, Lintang Jata Sinaga, Julio Ignatius Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Indonesia Master Program of Environmental and Urban Studies Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Climate change has affected the whole world and caused disasters, include drought. Since Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba District is the driest remote area in eastern region of Indonesia, gender inequality has affected in daily life of people in the village instead of other social and environmental problems. This research aimed to evaluate how gender mainstreaming implemented in drought disaster risk reduction in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The result of the research is expected to become a mirror that reflects Sumba island gender and development issues. The research took place in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, and conducted by qualitative method with purposive data sampling. The steps taken in the research were observation, data collecting by questionnaire and in-depth interview to respondents, and literature review. It was reported that Tana Mbanas village people has given water management assistance by village fund, conducting water management counselling, saving water, and harvesting rain systems in every household. This research meets conclusions that: (1) Several programs and planned actions in water supply system and infrastructure development have become initiatives of government agencies of village authorities, BPBD and Public Work Agency of Central Sumba Regency;(2) People demonstrated vulnerability to drought as well as lack of water supply and also water resources;(3) Strong efforts should be conducted to educate people and increase women capacity in coping issues of poverty, drought, and lack of water supply;and (4) Government agencies and other private institutions have to build women capacity as their participation in enhancing gender equality and mainstreaming gender. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Water management

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Nonthermal milk processing and quality preservation by continuous liquid plasma discharge process

Nonthermal milk processing and quality preservation by conti...

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2023 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, ASABE 2023

作者： Yuan, Yuan Sheng, Haiqing Deng, Shaobo Hossain, MD Mokter Mohotti, Dinithi Wu, Sarah Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States Southern Research and Outreach Center University of Minnesota WasecaMN56093 United States Environmental Science Program University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713885887

Continuous liquid plasma discharge (CLPD) is a promising non-thermal technology that can inactivate microorganisms under milder conditions while meeting microbiological safety standards and preserving bioactive compounds critical to milk quality and composition. The inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in milk using CLPD technology while focusing on its inactivation capacity, maintenance of milk nutrition, and energy efficiency of the inactivation process are being revealed in this study. The liquid-phase plasma treatment system is designed and developed to treat and process raw milk for continuous processing with extremely short processing times lower than 5 milliseconds. In addition, the effect of continuous liquid phase plasma discharge (CLPD) on the inactivation of typical pathogenic *** was evaluated according to the controlled operating parameters such as gas type, gas flow rate, milk flow rate, and power usage. For the next step, two CLPD reactors connected in-series were used to achieve double flow rate, and possible future industrialized treatment conditions were evaluated. The optimization of the CLPD process based on at least 6 log inactivation of the target flora with minimum energy input and maximum milk quality retention were optimized by modeling with a response surface approach through a central composite design. When the system liquid flow rate is 50ml/min and the system power supply is 250w, the total number of colonies in raw milk treated with CLPD is 1 or 0 CFU/mL, which meets the regulatory level of 20,000/mL stipulated by the FDA Class A PMO. At the same time, the nutritional content of milk is almost the same as that of raw milk in terms of true protein, lactose, casein, solids, milk urea nitrogen, and pH. These results suggest that the CLPD technology can be developed for effective and efficient milk processing to obtain products that meet FDA PMO safety standards and improve nutritional quality for human health. © 2023 ASABE Annual Interna

关键词： Flow rate

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Mapping climate change interaction with human health through DPSIR framework: Qatar perspective

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Heliyon 2025年第3期11卷 e42455页

作者： Eldos, Haneen I. Tahir, Furqan Athira, U.N. Mohamed, Hend O. Samuel, Bincy Skariah, Sini Al-Ghamdi, Sami G. Al-Ansari, Tareq Sultan, Ali A. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar Doha Qatar Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar

This study investigates the interactions between climate change and human health with a particular focus on Qatar, using the DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, States, Impacts, Responses) framework. Key drivers, including economic development and population growth, contribute to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exerting pressure on Qatar's climate through rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, as modeled by the MIT Regional Climate Model (MRCM). The findings reveal critical gaps in understanding the state of climate-health interactions, including insufficient disease data, incomplete climate-health linkages, and significant research gaps. These limitations hinder targeted responses to climate-sensitive diseases, which have shown an increase over the years. The study identifies the pathways through which climatic shifts contribute to immediate health risks, such as heat-related illnesses and respiratory conditions, as well as long-term impacts, including chronic diseases and mental health challenges. Despite Qatar's efforts through national and international strategies, the DPSIR analysis highlights the urgent need for enhanced research, improved data collection, and tailored actions to address these challenges. Strengthened adaptation, resilience-building, and emission reduction strategies remain essential for safeguarding public health in the face of accelerating climate change. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Climate change impacts Heat-related illness Human health Qatar Vector-borne diseases

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