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Ethane integration project—a study for Egyptian NGLs plants and their economics

Journal of engineering and Applied science 2024年第1期71卷 169页

作者： Elzohairy, Hamdy R. Ahmed, Tamer S. El-Marsafy, Sahar M. Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza12613 Egypt New Cairo Egypt Environmental Engineering Program Zewail City of Science and Technology 6th of October City Giza12578 Egypt

For Egypt, ethane is a vital chemical precursor, with the potential to significantly attract financial resources and drive economic growth. Enhancing its added value necessitates efficient recovery of ethane before it enters the national grid without processing. This research investigates the technical and economic feasibility of integrating natural gas liquids (NGLs) from three Egyptian NGLs plants—South Western Desert NGLs (SWD NGLs), North Western Desert NGLs (NWD NGLs), and East Mediterranean NGLs (EMD NGLs)—to improve ethane recovery from natural gas fields. The study focuses on revamping these NGLs plants using various NGLs recovery techniques, conducting a comprehensive comparison to identify the most effective methods for processing rich feed gas. Detailed design of the NGLs recovery processes was developed using HYSYS V.14 simulation software and supplementary calculation sheets. The design criteria encompass both technical and economic parameters to ensure a holistic approach in meeting project requirements. Results indicate a significant increase in ethane recovery: 16% for SWD NGLs, 10% for NWD NGLs (A, B, C), and 85% for EMD NGLs. This improvement will boost ethane feedstock for petrochemical companies from 2000 ton/day to 3500 ton/day, enabling increased polyethylene production. Economic analysis for the base case shows an expected internal rate of return (IRR) of 26%, a net present value (NPV) of USD 73 million, and a payback period of approximately 3 years. Sensitivity analysis on product prices, feed gas prices, and total capital investment confirms the project’s economic viability, with all cases showing feasibility (IRR ≥ 15%) except when product prices fall below USD 225/ton for propane, USD 215/ton for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and USD 25/bbl for condensate. This study highlights the potential for enhanced ethane recovery, offering substantial economic benefits and supporting the growth of Egypt’s petrochemical industry. © The Author(s) 202

关键词： Ethane

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Synergistic effect of silicon availability and salinity on metal adsorption in a common estuarine diatom

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Journal of environmental sciences 2025年第2期148卷 364-374页

作者： Fengyuan Chen Jie Ma Ke Pan SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering Institute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

Increasing nitrogen and phosphorus discharge and decreasing sediment input have made silicon(Si)a limiting element for diatoms in *** in nutrient structure and salinity fluctuation can greatly affect metal uptake by estuarine ***,the combined effects of Si and salinity on metal accumulation in these diatoms have not been *** this study,we aimed to investigate how salinity and Si availability combine to influence the adsorption of metals by a widely distributed diatom Phaeodactylum *** data indicate that replete Si and low salinity in seawater can enhance cadmium and copper adsorption onto the diatom *** the single-cell level,surface potential was a dominant factor determining metal adsorption,while surface roughness also contributed to the highermetal loading capacity at lower *** a combination of noninvasive micro-test technology,atomic force microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,we demonstrate that the diversity and abundance of the functional groups embedded in diatom cell walls vary with salinity and Si *** results in a change in the cell surface potential and transient metal *** study provides novel mechanisms to explain the highly variable metal adsorption capacity of a model estuarine diatom.

关键词： Diatom Metal adsorption Silicon Salinity Functional group Surface potential

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Biosurfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Oil-Contaminated Groundwater

Biosurfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Oil-Contaminated Groun...

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2024 SPE Europe Energy Conference and Exhibition, EURO 2024

作者： Sanchez-Huerta, C. Hong, P.-Y. Zhang, S. Alahmari, M.M. Humam, A.A. Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Saudi Aramco’s EXPEC Advanced Research Center Dhahran Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025399

Groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons poses a serious hazard to the environment. Current oil-contaminated groundwater remediation techniques include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Chemical surfactants have the potential of high toxicity due to their low biodegradability. Biosurfactants have demonstrated similar performance to that of chemical surfactants, with the added value of low toxicity. The use of surfactants directly over the top layer of crude oil-contaminating groundwater, where environmental conditions are different from that in above ground surfaces, have yet not been explored in depth. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential of four different surfactants for their ability to be deployed in conditions mimicking underground aquifer so as to enhance remediation of oil-contaminated groundwater. Selected surfactants comprised two chemical surfactants, referred to as A and B, and two biosurfactants, referred to as BS and C. Surfactants were evaluated for their ability (i) to reduce the crude oil layer thickness through facilitating oil dispersion, and (ii) the extent of natural biodegradation it can achieve. Experiments were performed in glass flasks containing synthetic groundwater and crude oil supplemented with surfactant added at the three different surfactants: oil ratios (S:O) 1:5, 1:10 and 1:50. Reduction of crude oil layer thickness, water turbidity, and bacterial cell count were continuously monitored for 60 days to observe the temporal variation of biosurfactant activity towards crude oil. The performance of surfactants A, C and BS in reducing oil layer thickness was influenced by temperature and S:O ratios. Overall, increase in temperature increased the performance of these three surfactants. S:O ratio was optimal at 1:10 for surfactants A and BS, and at 1:5 for surfactant C. Surfactants A and C reduced the oil layer thickness mainly by means of dispersion and less by biodegradation. In contrast, surfactant BS ex

关键词： Surface active agents

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Hybrid Solution to Remediate Groundwater Contaminated by Petroleum-Hydrocarbons

Hybrid Solution to Remediate Groundwater Contaminated by Pet...

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2024 SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition, WLMC 2024

作者： Alahmari, M.M. Humam, A.A. Zefzafy, I.M. Sanchez-Huerta, C. Hong, P.-Y. Zhang, S. Saudi Aramco's EXPEC Advanced Research Center Dhahran Saudi Arabia Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025320

Groundwater contamination by petroleum-hydrocarbons is a serious environmental problem. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with serious environmental and health risks. Thus, remediation of groundwater from petroleum hydrocarbon contamination is an emerging priority. Current approaches to remediate hydrocarbon contamination include physical and chemical methods. However, most of these approaches have a limited application for in-situ groundwater remediation. This study aims to develop a sustainable hybrid solution for efficient restoration of groundwater polluted by crude oil, providing a source of high-quality groundwater stream. Hybrid solution compromises in-situ addition of biosurfactant followed by a flow through electrochemical reactor installed in the groundwater well. The proposed hybrid solution comprises a two-stage process evaluated through lab-scale experiments treating crude oil that was mixed with synthetic water, mimicking groundwater contamination by petroleum-hydrocarbons. For biosurfactant optimization, glass flasks containing synthetic groundwater and crude oil were supplemented with biosurfactant BS, and C added at the three surfactants: oil (S:O) ratios 1:5, 1:10, and 1:50. Two temperature (25-35 °C) conditions were analyzed to simulate groundwater environment. The change in the crude oil layer thickness total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (TPH) was continuously monitored for 60 days. Electron Oxidation was carried out where Boron-dopped diamond (BDD) anode and titanium cathode plates, were fitted into a 1 L reactor containing groundwater, crude oil and biosurfactant. Kinetic analysis at three constant currents (20, 30 and 40 mA/cm2) was performed. Samples were collected at regular intervals along 120 min to determine changes in TPH, COD and pH. The performance of biosurfactant BS and C in reducing the thickness of crude oil layer was influenced by different parameters including temperature, and S:O ratio. The increase in temper

关键词： Groundwater

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Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with high selectivity over CH_(4) formation at the solid–gas interface

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Chaitanya B.Hiragond Sohag Biswas Niket SPowar Junho Lee Eunhee Gong Hwapyong Kim Hong Soo Kim Jin-Woo Jung Chang-Hee Cho Bryan M.Wong Su-Il In Department of Energy Science&Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical&Environmental Engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Physics and Chemistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 photocatalyst with H_(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in this study to convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O vapor into highly selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enhances visible light absorption and charge separation,whereas H_(2)O_(2) treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl(–OH)groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst,while thermogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H_(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,CH4,and C2H6 with a~95%selectivity of CH4,where the activity was~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For the first time,this work explored the effect of H_(2)O_(2) treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-phase CO_(2) reduction H_(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel photocatalyst surface modification

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Sorption-enhanced steam gasification of fine coal waste for fuel producing

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Journal of King Saud University - engineering sciences 2024年第2期36卷 81-88页

作者： Aprianti, Nabila Faizal, Muhammad Said, Muhammad Nasir, Subriyer Doctoral Program of Environmental Science Graduate School Universitas Sriwijaya South Sumatra Palembang30139 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya South Sumatra Ogan Ilir30662 Indonesia

Improving the quality of syngas from fine coal waste using the sorption-enhanced gasification process is a novel technology in the production of H2. The effect of CaO on CO2 absorption and H2 increase in the steam fine coal gasification process was determined in a fixed bed gasifier. The steam gasification process took place at 650 °C using bentonite and CaO as catalysts and absorbents. Steam increased the H2 concentration in the syngas to 58 vol%. In-situ CO2 absorption is more effective with the addition of CaO. The maximum percentage of CO2 was absorbed when the Ca/C ratio 2 was 78.33 %. The H2 content in the syngas after the CO2 was absorbed increased rapidly to 75.80 vol% at a Ca-to-carbon-mole ratio (Ca/C) of 1.5 and a steam-to-feedstock ratio (S/F) of 1.5. CaO did not produce significant results for low heating value (LHV) or cold gas efficiency (CGE), with results of 12 MJ/Nm3 and 44.53 %. The dominant water gas shift reaction due to the influence of steam and CaO increased H2/CO up to 9.11, which made the syngas from this work suitable for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Efficient predictions of formation energies and convex hulls from density functional tight binding calculations

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2023年第10期141卷 236-244页

作者： Anshuman Kumar Zulfikhar A.Ali Bryan M.Wong Materials Science&Engineering Program University of California-RiversideRiverside92521CAUSA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of California-RiversideRiverside92521CAUSA Materials Science&Engineering Program Department of Chemical&Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Physics&Astronomyand Department of ChemistryUniversity of California-RiversideRiverside92521CAUSA

Defects in materials significantly alter their electronic and structural properties,which affect the per-formance of electronic devices,structural alloys,and functional ***,calculating all the possible defects in complex materials with conventional Density Functional Theory(DFT)can be compu-tationally *** enhance the efficiency of these calculations,we interfaced Density Functional Tight Binding(DFTB)with the Clusters Approach to Statistical Mechanics(CASM)software package for the first *** SiC and ZnO as representative examples,we show that DFTB gives accurate results and can be used as an efficient computational approach for calculating and pre-screening formation ener-gies/convex *** DFTB+CASM implementation allows for an efficient exploration(up to an order of magnitude faster than DFT)of formation energies and convex hulls,which researchers can use to probe other complex systems.

关键词： CASM DFTB DFT Formation energy Convex hull

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Lactate-mediated medium-chain fatty acid production from expired dairy and beverage waste

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environmental science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 278-286页

作者： Bin Bian Wenxiang Zhang Najiaowa Yu Wei Yang Jiajie Xu Bruce E.Logan Pascal E.Saikaly Water Desalination and Reuse Center(WDRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering(BESE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Research Centre of Ecology&Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)Guangzhou511458China School of Marine Science Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China

Fruits,vegetables,and dairy products are typically the primary sources of household food ***,anaerobic digestion is the most used bioprocess for the treatment of food waste with concomitant generation of ***,to achieve a circular carbon economy,the organics in food waste should be converted to new chemicals with higher value than *** we demonstrate the feasibility of medium-chain carboxylic acid(MCCA)production from expired dairy and beverage waste via a chain elongation platform mediated by *** a two-stage fermentation process,the first stage with optimized operational conditions,including varying temperatures and organic loading rates,transformed expired dairy and beverage waste into lactate at a concentration higher than 900 mM C at 43℃.This lactate was then used to produce>500 mM C caproate and>300 mM C butyrate via microbial chain ***,lactate-producing microbes such as Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were regulated by temperature and could be highly enriched under mesophilic conditions in the firststage *** the second-stage chain elongation reactor,the dominating microbes were primarily from the genera Megasphaera and Caproiciproducens,shaped by varying feed and inoculum *** network analysis revealed positive correlations among species from the genera Caproiciproducens,Ruminococcus,and CAG-352,as well as Megasphaera,Bacteroides,and Solobacterium,indicating strong microbial interactions that enhance caproate *** findings suggest that producing MCCAs from expired dairy and beverage waste via lactate-mediated chain elongation is a viable method for sustainable waste management and could serve as a chemical production platform in the context of building a circular bioeconomy.

关键词： Microbial chain elongation Medium chain carboxylic acids Food waste Fermentation

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Transforming Industrial Waste into Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Materials Using Alkali Fusion-Hydrothermal Method for environmental Humidity Control Applications

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Waste and Biomass Valorization 2025年第1期16卷 271-280页

作者： Lin, Ya-Wen Lin, Kae-Long Kuo, Bo-Yi Chen, Yu-Hao Bachelor Program for Fire and Safety Science Da-Yeh University 168 University Rd Dacun Changhua515006 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan City260 Taiwan

This research utilizes the rich SiO2 and Al2O3 sources in light-emitting diode waste quartz sand (LEDWQS) and granite sludge (GS) through alkali fusion and hydrothermal method as the precursor of synthetic mesoporous humidity control material (MHCM). The effect of adding amine functional groups on the amine functionalized mesoporous humidity control material (AF/MHCM) was also discussed. The results show that the crystalline phase and surface composition of MHCM are consistent with typical MCM-41 characteristics. The specific surface area of AF/MHCM was 29.91m2/g. The results confirm that the amine functional groups have been effectively modified on the pore surface, and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of AF/MHCM has changed from type IV to type II. In addition, this study also proves that AF/MHCM has excellent humidity control performance, with a moisture adsorption–desorption performance of up to 63.36 g/m2, which is in line with the Japanese Industrial Standards for humidity control building materials (moisture adsorption–desorption performance > 29 g/m2). AF/MHCM synthesized by reused waste derived from the manufacturing process of electronic and electrical equipment as raw materials has excellent humidity control performance, and the result can be used as a smart indoor humidity control material in various construction applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.

关键词： Humidity control

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Study of Hybrid Steel Fibers Effects on the Workability and Compressive Properties of Non-proprietary UHPC 3rd

Study of Hybrid Steel Fibers Effects on the Workability and ...

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3rd International Conference on Sustainable Civil engineering and Architecture, ICSCEA 2023

作者： Zhang, Ye Ogawa, Yuko Goegre, Riya Catherine Kawai, Kenji Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819974337

Non-proprietary ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is renowned for excellent mechanical properties, especially high compressive strength which is generally above 150 MPa. Despite the high compressive strength, the failure mode of non-proprietary UHPC under axial loading is sudden, brittle, and explosive. The undesired compression failure mode is not ideal for structure design and undermines the engineering value of non-proprietary UHPC. This research targets to convert the compression failure mode of non-proprietary UHPC from brittle to ductile with hybrid steel fiber reinforcement and select the most effective reinforcing proportion. In this research, a ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) based non-proprietary UHPC mix is reinforced with five combinations of two steel fiber types with straight ends. The lengths of the two steel fibers are 6.5 mm and 13 mm. The total volume fraction of steel fibers is 2%. The 28-day compressive strengths and the failure modes of the reinforced samples are compared to select a hybrid steel fiber combination that transforms the failure mode of non-proprietary UHPC and strengthens the compression performance most effectively. The experiment results demonstrate that: (1) with steel fibers presented, non-proprietary UHPC is capable of continuously taking compressive load after matrix cracks;(2) instead of explosive brittle failure mode, fiber reinforced non-proprietary UHPC fails in a ductile behavior under axial compression load and the samples stay in integrity;(3) hybrid steel fiber reinforcement is more effective than single type steel fiber reinforcement in improving the compression performance of non-proprietary UHPC. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Compressive strength

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