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Mathematical Modelling and Comparative Analysis of Three Treatment Technologies for Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Case Study of Biofilm Reactors in El-Gouna, Egypt

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Osama, Ashrakat Kinnawy, Mohab A. Moussa, Mostafa S. Riechelmann, Carsten Hosney, Hadeel Environmental Engineering Program Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza Egypt Sustainable Development Center Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza Egypt Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza Egypt Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mataria Helwan University Egypt Technische Universität Berlin Germany Water Supply Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department IHE Delft Institute for Water Education Delft Netherlands

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) has been preferred over conventional processes with suspended biomass in recent years. The main reason behind this preference is that it can achieve better removal efficiencies than conventional systems in a smaller footprint. However, unlocking the full potential behind MBBRs in large-scale WWTPs is still a challenge in real life. In this paper, the performance of three different treatment technologies: Extended Aeration Activated Sludge (EAAS), Integrated Fixed Biofilm Reactor (IFAS) and the Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (HMBBR), was investigated over a year in a WWTP located in El-Gouna, Egypt. The COD removal efficiency amongst the three systems was comparable, with EAAS achieving 93.5%, IFAS 94%, and HMBRR 95%. Nevertheless, the NH4 removal efficiency for EAAS was slightly lower at 97.5%, compared to IFAS and HMBBR, both achieving removal efficiency of 98%. All three systems operated below their designed capacity for influent flow and organic load. BioWin Software was able to mimic the real case of the WWTP of El-Gouna and critically defined all plant limitations and operational data. Different simulations were modelled to test the three systems' hydraulic and organic loading capacities using different scenarios and operating conditions. The HMBBR system failed to withstand the increase in organic loads, due to the sloughing effect. The biomass sloughing overloads the reactor volume, where the liquid, biomass and media volumes exceed the reactor volume, leading to an adverse effect contradicting the primary purpose of adding media carriers. Model simulations and data analysis findings were able to recommend the most suited setup for upgrading an existing system by attached growth technique, with all kinetic parameters and operational conditions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomass

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Alert and Response of Earthquake and Tsunami for Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction 2

Alert and Response of Earthquake and Tsunami for Community B...

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2nd International Conference on sciences and Technology Applications, ICOSTA 2020

作者： Retno Susilorini, Rr M. I. Pamudji, Andre Kurniawan Sanjaya, Ridwan Ismail, Amrizarois Amasto, Ardhito Hayyu Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Indonesia Master Program of Environmental and Urban Studies Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Indonesia Department of Information System Faculty of Computer Science Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Indonesia

Indonesia had been suffered by earthquake and tsunami for many centuries. Since many lives have taken by tsunami strikes, alert and response system are very important as important part of Disaster Risk Reduction, especially in area with high population density. This research conducted in Kangkung fishing village in Bandar Lampung coastal area which is an earthquake and tsunami prone area. The aim of the research is to study alert and response of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction. The research conducted by qualitative method and purposive-descriptive approach. There were 53 respondents which participated in the survey and interview. It is reported that "Smart Resilient City"model suitable for community needs of alert and response of earthquake and tsunami disaster. This research meets conclusion that "Smart Resilient City"model may become a great solution in Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction to cope with the hazard of earthquake and tsunami comprehensively and sustainably. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Surveys

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Chemical precipitation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with calcium carbonate derived from green mussel shell wastes and several phosphorus sources

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Naubnome, V. Prihanto, A. Schmahl, W.W. Pusparizkita, Y.M. Ismail, R. Jamari, J. Bayuseno, A.P. Department of Mechanical Engineering Diponegoro University Tembalang Semarang Indonesia Chemical Engineering Vocational Program Catholic Polytechnic Mangun Wijaya Semarang Indonesia Department of Earth and Environmental Science Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich Germany Department of Environmental Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

This work reports on a chemical precipitation experiment to produce nanocrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca-HA) using a calcium carbonate precursor derived from green mussel shells. Ammonium biphosphate and phosphoric acid were mixed with the precursor, achieving a pH of 13–14 by stirring magnetically at 30 °C for 48 hours. The nanocrystalline Ca-HA product (8–13 nm) was validated through X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an average calcium-to-phosphorus ratio molar of 1.8, influencing the thermal stability according to thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. Green mussel shell wastes are a recyclable calcium resource potentially used to synthesize nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Calcium carbonate Chemical precipitation Green mussel shell waste Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite Thermal stability

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Reviving the Absorbent Chemistry of Electrochemically Mediated Amine Regeneration for Improved Point Source Carbon Capture

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hassan, Ahmad Refaie, Abdelrahman Aleta, Prince Afshari, Mohsen Kalantari, Elmira Fang, Yuanyuan Rahimi, Mohammad Mim Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States

Electrochemically mediated amine regeneration (EMAR) is emerging as a promising electrochemical approach for carbon capture from point sources. In this study, for the first time, the absorbent chemistry of the EMAR process was revived by considering criteria beyond metal-amine complexation. The systematic investigation focused on using secondary amines, which were previously overlooked in EMAR due to limited metal-amine interaction, despite their proven effectiveness in conventional carbon capture processes. The integration of secondary amines— monoethanolamine (MEA), aminomethyl propanol (AMP), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)—with the benchmark ethylenediamine (EDA) was thoroughly studied, evaluating their impact on absorption and desorption kinetics and capacities, and electrochemical performance. Among the blends, EDA+MDEA emerged as the top performer, particularly excelling in electrochemical aspects. The charge transfer resistance (RCT) of the deposition reaction, as the rate-limiting step, for the EDA+MDEA blend was reduced by 40% compared to pure EDA, and the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0) improved threefold. In the bench-scale assessments, the EDA+MDEA blend showed a notable decrease in desorption energetics to 37 kJ/molCO2, marking a 34% reduction compared to the 56 kJ/molCO2 required for pure EDA. This marks the lowest reported energetics for an EMAR process targeting point source carbon capture. This research paves the way for future systematic investigations of a wider range of amine blends for EMAR and eventually the process implementation at larger scales. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Amines

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The fate of antibiotics during phosphate recovery processes - A critical review

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 968卷 178829页

作者： Bolujoko, Nathaniel Duling, Addison Shashvatt, Utsav Mangalgiri, Kiranmayi Environmental Science Graduate Program Oklahoma State University 202 Whitehurst StillwaterOK74078 United States Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University 215A Agricultural Hall StillwaterOK74078 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley 760 Davis Hall BerkeleyCA94720 United States

The principles of circular economy encourage the recovery of phosphorus from nutrient-rich waste streams such as animal manure, domestic wastewater, and urine to supplement existing sources of raw phosphorus. However, these waste streams also contain a wide variety of contaminants of emerging concern including antibiotics, and the recovery of phosphorus from these waste streams results in the co-occurrence of antibiotics with the recovered phosphorus products. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fate of environmentally relevant antibiotics in three major existing and upcoming phosphorus recovery processes: precipitation-, membrane-, and adsorption-based treatment. In general, the co-occurrence of antibiotics in recovered phosphorus increases with the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and cations due to π-π interaction and cationic bridge formation, respectively. Additionally, antibiotics display pH-based speciation resulting in electrostatic interactions with recovered phosphorus at pH > 7.0. Furthermore, this critical review establishes a new metric, the relative antibiotic-to‑phosphorus (RAP), defined as the ratio of the concentration of antibiotics to phosphorus in recovered phosphorus to that of the phosphorus-rich waste. Precipitation-based methods, particularly struvite, demonstrated the lowest RAP, while the RAP in carbon-based adsorbents was 1.8 × 108 times higher than in membrane-based processes. In reviewing literature on the fate of antibiotics in phosphorus recovery processes, several research needs are also highlighted: the fate of non-tetracycline antibiotics, simultaneous investigation of phosphorus and antibiotic fate in membrane- and adsorption-based methods, treatment methods to mitigate the co-occurrence of antibiotics in recovered phosphorus product, and the release of antibiotics from recovered phosphate products. © 2024

关键词： Rivers

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Hydroxyl Radical-Driven Transformations of Bisphenol a and 2,4 Dinitroanisole: Experimental and Computational Analysis

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Das Schober, Jaya Burdsall, Adam C. Searcy, Troy Hart, Jeffry Shade, Megan Harper, Willie F. Air Force Institute of Technology Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Systems Engineering and Management 2950 Hobson Way Wright-Patterson AFB OH45433 United States

This study used experimental and computational analysis to investigate the advanced oxidation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4 dinitroanisole (DNAN). The pseudo first-order reaction rate constants depended on the molar peroxide ratio and were between 0.13 and 0.28 per min for BPA and between 0.018 and 0.032 per min for DNAN. Hydroxyl radical scavenging was strongly implicated by the experimental results. The kinetic differences appear to be due in part to the energy requirement for oxidation, which was 9.32 kcal/mol for BPA and 36.37 kcal/mol for DNAN. Transformation pathways were analyzed using Density Functional Theory (DFT), which helped to predict the presence of experimentally-detected byproducts. The most energetically favored pathway for BPA oxidation begins with formation of hydroxylated derivatives, while for DNAN the most energetically favorable degradation pathway begins with substitution of methoxy group. Overall, these findings demonstrate the power of combining experimental and computational tools to reveal transformation mechanisms for emerging water pollutants. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Microwave processing of carbon doped Nickel-Cobalt composites for high-performance supercapacitors

Microwave processing of carbon doped Nickel-Cobalt composite...

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作者： Kumar, Niraj Bhusan Sahoo, Bibhuti Kumar Sahoo, Naresh Soam, Ankur Kumar, Rahul Dash, Barada P. Kumar Sahoo, Prasanta Maharashtra Pune411025 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University Odisha Bhubaneswar751030 India Department of Chemistry Environmental Science and Technology Program Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University Odisha Bhubaneswar751030 India Department of Energy Science and Engineering IIT Delhi New Delhi 110016 India

A facile and rapid microwave synthesis method was used to make Co/Ni-carbon black (CB) nanocomposites. Several sophisticated techniques confirm the formation and the effects of carbon nanoparticles incorporated into Co/Ni-CB composites. Carbon engrafted Co/Ni composite demonstrates excellent morphology, more significant area, and higher conductive region, thus improving electrode/electrolyte accessibility to enhance electrochemical kinetics. The interaction and combination of CB with Co/Ni composite shows excellent capacitive behavior, assessed by galvanostatic discharge method, cyclic voltage voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. CB plays a crucial role in stimulating the formation of robust structures, surface activity, and specific capacitance through enhancing electron transport and catalytic properties. This electrode material (NX3) has the highest specific capacitance of 748 Fg−1 at scan rates of 5 mVs−1 and was found to have excellent cycle stability (92.8%) over 5000 cycles. Solid-state supercapacitors fabricated from developed electrodes are highly effective for brightening LEDs. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time a single-step technique that is both quick and efficient for the synthesis of Co/Ni-carbon black heterostructure by using microwave irradiation. The present work suggests that low-cost electrodes can be used in a wide range of future energy storage systems as a potential hybrid material. © 2022

关键词： Nickel

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Influence of the Corrosion Degree of Hot-Dipped Galvanized Reinforcements on its Bond Strength to Concrete

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SSRN 2024年

作者： da Fonsêca, Márcia Suzanna Dutra Abreu Borges Meira, Gibson Rocha The Civil and Environmental Engineering of Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil The Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil The Civil and Environmental Engineering Post-graduate Program of Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil

This work studies the behavior of hot-dipped galvanized steel against chloride corrosion and its effect on its bond strength to concrete. Two steel diameters were adopted and bond strength was assessed using a standardized pull-out test, followed by measuring different degrees of corrosion. The results show that the initial corrosion of hot-dipped galvanized steel, due to the high alkalinity of fresh concrete, does not affect the structural performance of reinforced concrete and that galvanized steel has superior bond strength to concrete than non-galvanized steel for small corrosion rates. However, it decreases as the corrosion degree significantly increases. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforced concrete

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Accelerating environmental Research to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals

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environmental science & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023年第11期10卷 961-962页

作者： Mihelcic, James R. Barra, Ricardo O. Brooks, Bryan W. Diamond, Miriam L. Eckelman, Matthew J. Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald Guidotti, Sunny Ikeda-Araki, Atsuko Kumar, Manish Maiga, Ynoussa McConville, Jennifer Miller, Shelly L. Pizarro, Valeria Rosario-Ortiz, Fernando Wang, Shuxiao Zimmerman, Julie B. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of South Florida 4202 E Fowler Ave ENG 030 Tampa Florida 33620 United States Faculty of Environmental Sciences and EULA Chile Centre University of Concepcion Barrio Universitario s/n Concepción 4070386 Chile Department of Environmental Science Baylor University One Bear Place #97266 Waco Texas 76798-7266 United States Department of Earth Sciences and School of the Environment University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A1 ON Canada College of Engineering Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 United States Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering North Carolina State University Fitts-Woolard Hall Room 3253 915 Partners Way Raleigh North Carolina 27695-7908 United States UNICEF Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office Building 102 Alberto Tejada Street City of Knowledge 0843 Republic of Panama Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Kita 12 Nishi 5 Kitaku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan Sustainability Cluster School of Engineering University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Dehradun Uttarakhand 248007 India Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Monterey Monterrey 64849 Nuevo León Mexico Laboratory of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology UFR SVT University Joseph KI-ZERBO 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Energy and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7032 Uppsala SE-750 07 Sweden Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 427 UCB Boulder Colorado 80309-0427 United States Perry Institute for Marine Science Windsor School (Albany Campus) Frank Watson Boulevard Adelaide The Bahamas Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Environmental Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 United States State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

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Characterization of Ureolysis and Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Under Different Incubation and Reaction Conditions

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Joo, Hyun-Woo Fyfe, Matthew H. Verdú, Irene Rahmaninezhad, Seyed Ali Sales, Christopher M. Srubar, Wil V. Hubler, Mija H. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States 1111 Engineering Drive – UCB 428 ECOT 441 BoulderCO80309-0422 United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States Environmental Department Terracon Consulting Inc. The ColonyTX United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Biology

This study investigates the ureolysis and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) characteristics of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under varying incubation and reaction conditions. A series of batch MICP experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation duration and pH, bacterial cell density, and reagent (i.e., urea and calcium ion) concentrations on ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation characteristics. The findings indicate that both bacteria exhibit higher urease activity after 24 hours of incubation compared to 48 hours, regardless of incubation pH. S. pasteurii exhibits maximum specific urease activity at an alkaline pH (pH 9.0), whereas L. sphaericus reaches peak activity at a neutral pH (pH 7.2). Across six incubation conditions for each bacterium, S. pasteurii exhibits greater sensitivity in specific urease activity, while L. sphaericus maintains a more consistent ureolysis performance. In terms of cell density, a lower OD600 (~0.1) enhances specific urease activity and early-stage mineralization efficiency, whereas a higher OD600 (~1.0) accelerates overall CaCO3 precipitation, enhances terminal-stage mineralization efficiency, and promotes the prolonged presence of vaterite. High reagent concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) enhance specific urease activity and CaCO3 precipitation rates and lead to over 93% of vaterite formation, while low reagent concentration (0.3 M) favors calcite-dominant precipitation over time. These findings provide insights into evaluating and optimizing MICP performance under varying incubation and reaction conditions. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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