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Streets, density, and the superblock: neighborhood planning units and street connectivity in Abu Dhabi

Journal of Urbanism 2023年第2期16卷 168-195页

作者： Alawadi, Khaled Hong Nguyen, Ngoc Alrubaei, Eiman Scoppa, Martin Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Architecture The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology Danang Viet Nam Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Architecture Engineering Department College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University Alain United Arab Emirates

This article studies the efficiency of street networks of Neighborhood Planning Units. Pedestrian Route Directness quantified the NPUs’ efficiency. The sample includes ten Abu Dhabi NPUs built during two periods: pre-1990 and post-1990. Two scenarios are assessed. First, as-built streets are evaluated based on the PRD test. Second, PRD values of NPUs with different plot densities are compared. Results show that plot density does not affect efficiency. A good network design produces high efficiency regardless of its plot density. The effects of streets on efficiency were further revealed by Betweenness. Combining PRD and Betweenness yields important principles of network design. This method can be applied to assess the connectivity of streets in different contexts. Future research should focus on: How do alleys contribute to the efficiency of NPUs? How do street configurations influence the behavior of movement? And how should NPUs be evaluated as local street systems with global implications?. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： betweenness density neighborhood planning units pedestrian route directness Street connectivity

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Leaching behavior of sustainable concrete made with coal ash wastes as replacement of cement and sand

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environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第52期31卷 61437-61450页

作者： Rafieizonooz, Mahdi Kim, Jang-Ho Jay Khankhaje, Elnaz Rezania, Shahabaldin School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Yonsei-Ro 50 Seodaemun-Gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-Ro Gongneung-Dong Nowon-Gu Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Department of Environment and Energy Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

The coal-fired power plant fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are gradually used as alternative materials in the concrete. However, knowledge of the leaching characteristics of using both incinerator ashes in concrete production is lacking. This work aimed to evaluate the leaching behavior of the FA and BA used in concrete production by employing batch and tank leaching tests. The outcomes of both leaching tests showed that there was no considerable leaching of any trace elements to the environment, and it remains much lower than standard limitations for utilization as construction materials. The results of cumulative mass discharge showed that the slope of flux time for all elements was less than 0.4 and because of that, primary surface wash-off was the main discharge process of all the heavy metals. Strength test results revealed that there was not much difference between coal ash concrete (CAC) and the control mix at the initial age of curing time. Despite that, at a long period of curing time (180 days), the compressive strength of CAC containing 20% FA as cement replacement and 100% BA as fine aggregate replacement increased by 76% due to the pozzolanic reaction of BA and FA in comparison to the normal concrete, while, due to the high porosity of BA, the workability of CAC decreased by 50%. The outcomes of the current work revealed that the combined use of FA and BA can be counted as a promising alternative in the production of sustainable concrete for structural applications toward sustainable development. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Trace elements

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ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT-UNB 32nd

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： Ramos, Arthur Augusto Frasson De Brites, Eneida Campos Felipe Soares, Raquel Moraes Silveira, Edgar A. Contreras, Francisco University of Brasilia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil University of Brasilia Graduate Program on Environmental Technology and Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília Estrutural Campus DF Brasília71250-000 Brazil University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

With the projected global population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, the production and consumption of food continue to escalate. Nitrogen is pivotal in this landscape due to its significance in living organisms and the environmental repercussions associated with nutrient-rich waste. Inappropriate disposal of such residues contributes to nitrogen release into the environment, impacting aquatic ecosystems and precipitating the generation of greenhouse gases. This study tackles the global challenge of effectively managing nitrogen in food waste by utilizing Material Flow Analysis (MFA) as a tool to comprehend this cycle. The analysis uncovered that vegetables, legumes, and fruits constitute the primary sources of waste generation, while meats, despite their lower mass, account for a substantial proportion of total nitrogen depletion. In the surveyed month of October 2023, 174,834 meals were served, resulting in an average food consumption N-footprint of 0.003 kg of nitrogen discarded per individual meal within the restaurant’s organic waste. These findings indicate that 65% of nitrogen is consumed in meal form, while 35% is discarded as organic solid waste. However, 53% of the nitrogen in the residues originates from food preparation processes, with food preparation responsible for over half of this figure. A deeper process analysis reveals that vegetables have low nitrogen concentrations, although they significantly contribute to waste at all stages. In contrast, meats and eggs, with higher nitrogen concentrations, emerge as noteworthy contributors to the overall nitrogen content in waste. Vegetables and meats contribute about 50% and 45% of the total nitrogen, respectively. These outcomes substantially enhance our comprehension of waste generation dynamics and nutrient utilization at the university restaurant, assisting with waste management, design of sustainable menus, reduction of food waste, and optimized resource utilization, contributing to sustainability and re

关键词： Effluent treatment

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Evaluating a Liquid-Phase Plasma Discharge Process for Ammonia Oxidation in Wastewater

Evaluating a Liquid-Phase Plasma Discharge Process for Ammon...

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2023 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, ASABE 2023

作者： Aka, Robinson Junior Ndeddy Mohotti, Dinithi Nasir, Alia Agyekum-Oduro, Ekow Wu, Sarah Environmental Science Program University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713885887

In this study, a novel continuous flow liquid-phase plasma process was evaluated to remove NH3-N from synthetic wastewater. The process was optimized and modelled using response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to determine the effects and optimal conditions of key operating parameters, including the initial NH3-N concentration (50-200 mg/L), power input (150-300 W), and gas-flow rate (1.5-2.5 L/min) for efficient NH3-N removal from wastewater samples. The gas-flow rate and power input were found to be the most significant factors affecting the removal efficiency of NH3-N, whereas the initial concentration of NH3-N played a crucial role in determining the energy efficiency of the process. Under optimal conditions of an initial NH3-N concentration of 200 mg/L, applied power of 223 W, and gas-flow rate of 2.4 L/min, 98.91% of NH3-N could be removed with N2 selectivity of 92.91%, and the corresponding energy efficiency was 0.527g/kWh after 2 hrs of treatment. A small fraction of undesirable NO3 (35.03 mg/L) and NO2 (6.5 mg/L) were also produced. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has revealed the presence of several highly oxidative radicals, including ‧OH, ‧O, and ‧O2+. These results demonstrate the potential of liquid phase plasma discharge as a highly efficient technology for removing ammonia from aqueous solutions. © 2023 ASABE Annual International Meeting. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Flow of gases

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Assessment of Dar es Salaam's resilience to climate change disasters using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI)

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Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 2024年第3期45卷 475-497页

作者： Mkasimongwa, Simon William Fakour, Hoda Hassani, Hussein Juma Sultan, Basma Abdulla Lai, Hsin-Chih Master Degree Program in Safety and Health Science Chang Jung Christian University Tainan City Taiwan International Program for Sustainable Development International College of Practice and Education for the Environment Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan

Climate change is becoming an increasingly significant issue in Africa, and the need for climate resilience assessment has intensified. Dar es Salam is one of Africa's emerging megacities. With a population of over seven million, which continues to grow, there is an urgent need to understand the city's ability to deal with natural disasters. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was used in this study to assess the city's ability to withstand and cope with climatic hazards. The Index was quantified using sets of dimensions (social, physical, economic, natural, and institutional), with various parameters indicating the city's abilities, strengths, and vulnerabilities to potential climate-related disasters. Despite being moderately resilient to climate change disasters, the results of our study indicate that the city's economic and institutional features obtained the lowest scores and the least resilience level. The study's findings provide a perspective on aspects of the city management sectors in terms of resilience and which should be given greater consideration in order to strengthen the city's current and future resilience. © 2024 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

关键词： climate change flooding resilience weather trends

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Hysteresis Model of Permafrost Thermal State Variation with Air Temperature in Utqiaġvik, Alaska, Based on Distributed Temperature Sensing

Hysteresis Model of Permafrost Thermal State Variation with ...

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Geotechnical Frontiers 2025: Geotechnics of Natural Hazards

作者： Ji, Xiaohang Xiao, Ming Martin, Eileen Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Dept. of Geophysics Dept. of Applied Math and Statistics Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784485996

Increasing air temperatures are driving permafrost warming across the Arctic and sub-Arctic. This in turn degrades the geomechanical properties of soils, disrupts the natural environment and infrastructure systems, and results in long-lasting societal impacts. Understanding the thermal state of degrading permafrost in the Arctic is crucial for maintaining resilient infrastructure in the changing Arctic. This study employs Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) to monitor permafrost temperature near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, from 2021 to 2024. Fiber-optic DTS sensors have unique and attractive characteristics that allow their deployment in the Arctic for low-maintenance, cost-effective, and high-resolution data. This paper presents the temperature recordings of a 2-km DTS system on the tundra near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, by the Elson Lagoon. A hysteresis model is developed to link permafrost temperature with air temperature, incorporating meteorological data and ground surface conditions. The study also explores the impact of civil infrastructure on permafrost thermal dynamics. © ASCE.

关键词： Permafrost

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MOF-Derived Bimetal-Embedded Carbon with Etched Morphologies as an Efficient Activator of Peroxymonosulfate for Eliminate Emerging Contaminants

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Korean Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第6期41卷 1815-1831页

作者： Chen, Yi-Chun Jiang, Xin-Yu Lin, Jia-Yin Thanh, Bui Xuan Wang, Haitao Huang, Chao-Wei Ghotekar, Suresh Huang, Chih-Feng Lin, Kun-Yi Andrew Department of Biotechnology National Formosa University Yunlin63208 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering & amp Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Semiconductor and Green Technology Program National Chung Hsing University 250 Kuo-Kuang Road Taichung Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Kelambakkam Tamil Nadu Chennai603103 India Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Civil Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei City Taiwan

As bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone (BHP) is one of the most common UV light stabilizers (UVLS), but exhibits endocrine disrupting toxicity, this study aims to develop useful sulfate radical-based techniques to eliminate BHP from water by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Hence, while cobalt (Co) exhibits efficacy as a transition metal for the activation of PMS, the utilization of manganese/cobalt (Mn/Co) bimetallic oxides presents an even more encouraging prospect as heterogeneous catalysts for PMS activation. In this study, we have successfully produced N-doped carbon-supported Mn/Co nanoparticles (NCMC) with a distinctive hollow-engineered nanostructure. The synthesis involved the utilization of Co-MOF as a precursor, followed by easy etching and Mn doping to achieve the desired composition of Mn/Co bimetallic oxide nanoparticles. The inclusion of Mn dopant facilitates the integration of Mn/Co nanoparticles into the hollow-structured N-doped carbon matrix. NCMC demonstrates much higher activity compared to NCC and the benchmark catalyst, Co3O4 NP, in terms of PMS activation for the degradation of BHP. The findings of the eco-toxicity study indicate that the degradation of BHP by NCMC + PMS does not yield hazardous or extremely toxic byproducts, so establishing NCMC as a potentially effective heterogeneous catalyst for activating PMS in the degradation of BHP. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea 2024.

关键词： Transition metals

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Using a Fast-Scanning Electrical Nanoparticle Sizer to Characterize Nanoparticles from Laser Ablation

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Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2024年第1期7卷 1-16页

作者： Qi, Chaolong Chen, Da-Ren Cheng, Meng-Dawn Environmental Engineering Science Program Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis United States Environmental Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge United States

A Fast-Scanning Electrical Nanoparticle Sizer (FSENS) consisting of a Po210 bipolar charger, a Nano-DMA, and an aerosol electrometer was used to characterize nanoparticles generated by laser ablating the surfaces of cement, chromium-embedded cement, stainless steel, and alumina samples. Different from previous studies, bimodal size distributions, with the nucleation mode having a geometric mean diameter ranging from 5.7–6.6 nm and a geometric standard deviation varying from 1.225–1.379, were observed for all the experimental runs. The curve fitting shows that the bimodal size distribution produced in the laser ablation can be best fitted by a lognormal distribution for the nucleation mode and a Rosin-Rammler distribution for the coagulation mode. At steady state the geometric mean diameter of the coagulation mode was affected by the laser wavelength and target material, but was less influenced by laser energy for a given wavelength. The total particle number concentrations of the two modes appear to be parabolic with respect to the laser fluence. At a given fluence, the stainless-steel sample produced the highest particle number concentration with 532- and 1064-nm lasers; the alumina sample produced the lowest particle number concentration with 266- and 1064-nm lasers. The chromium-embedded cement sample produced fewer particles with 532- and 1064 nm lasers than the pure cement sample. This study also demonstrated that FSENS can provide snapshots of the nanoparticle dynamics during laser ablation in cases of low laser fluence.

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Embracing digital mindsets to ensure a sustainable future

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Frontiers of environmental science & engineering 2024年第3期18卷 177-179页

作者： Chengjun Li Riqing Yu Wenjing Ning Huan Zhong Christian Sonne Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of Biology Center for EnvironmentBiodiversity and ConservationThe University of Texas at TylerTylerTX 75701USA School of Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210000China Environmental and Life Science Program Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioK9H 0A1Canada Faculty of Science and Technology Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark 4000The Kingdom of Denmark Sustainability Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradunUttarakhand 248001India

The 19th Asian Games astounded global audiences with an opening spectacle that showcased stunning digital fireworks(International Olympic Committee,2021;Zhe,2023).The groundbreaking display was brought to life through virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)*** sets a pioneering example to replace conventional fireworks in major international events as well as in other large-scale entertainment activities,marking a historic milestone in the pursuit of a sustainable and healthy future.

关键词： Wildlife Climate Change Heavy metals Noise LAN Light pollution

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Effect of physical and biological pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse waste-based biogas production

Effect of physical and biological pretreatment on sugarcane ...

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3rd International Conference on Chemical engineering and Applied sciences, ICChEAS 2022

作者： Sumardiono, Siswo Matin, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Sulistianingtias, Ihdina Nugroho, Tri Yulianto Budiyono, Budiyono Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50239 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta57126 Indonesia Vocational School Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50239 Indonesia

Sugarcane bagasse is a biomass with very potential, especially in agricultural countries. In this research, a study related to pretreatment and the ratio of C/N to biogas production from sugarcane bagasse was conducted. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale with physical pretreatment by grinding with a size of 6 mesh, then biological pretreatment with the microbial consortium 5 % g/V, and variations in the C/N ratio at 25 and 30. Cow rumen fluid was used in this study as a source of anaerobic bacteria and technical urea is used to adjust the C/N ratio. The solid total is set at 7 %. Based on research that has been carried out for 60 days, it was found that physical pretreatment by grinding with a size of 6 mesh can increase biogas production. Biogas production increased both at C/N ratio conditions of 25 and 30. Furthermore, biological pretreatment with the microbial consortium 5 % g/V was proven to increase biogas production at both C/N ratios of 25 and 30. Further studies on the C/N ratio, it was found that the C/N ratio of 25 was better than the C/N ratio of 30. This is evident in several variables, including raw and fine substrate conditions, as well as on variables with or without a microbial consortium, with the amount of biogas productivity at a C/N 25 ratio of 53-90.5 % higher than the C/N 30 ratio. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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