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Accelerating Space Commerce, Exploration, and New Discovery Conference, ASCEND 2023

作者： Lordos, George Hoying, Madelyn McKinney, Lanie Webb, Alisa Lin, Yuying Martin, Estelle Beilstein, John Miller, Duncan Villegas, David Sepulveda, Francisco AlSadah, Yousif Iyer, Divya O’Neill, Cormac Patel, Palak Garcia, Ignacio Arzuaga Azzouz, H. Chan, Wing Lam Eyre, Ezra Gleason, Dane Romero, Elizabeth Arias, Liliana Orozco, Omar Gentgen, Chloe Latyshev, Kir Hoffman, Jeffrey de Weck, Olivier Ikinci, Meltem Lordos, Alexandros Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program and MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States System Design and Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. E40-300 CambridgeMA02139 United States Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 37-219 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-410 CambridgeMA02139 United States Behavioral Economics University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Psychology University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9781624107054

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107054

We propose a ten-yearMars mission to establish Earth-independence and support efficient, safe, and sustainable science and exploration goals. The campaign begins with a series of precursor missions, starting with the Artemis program, followed by robotic missions to performsite surveys and selection, de-risk technologies, and to start stockpiling in-situ water and propellant. Robotic Cargo Starships would depart first in 2035 to deliver and deploy approximately 5,800 tons of habitats, nuclear microreactors, farmmodules, manufacturing and ISRU systems. In 2040, two Crew Starships carrying 36 persons would land onMars to establish two close-proximity villages. The lifecycle cost is estimated at $81 billion, with a peak annual cost of $6.6 billion. To meet RASC-AL competition requirements, intended to motivate the exploration of highly self-reliant architecture concepts, resupply from Earth was constrained to only 5 metric tons every two years and minimum surface endurance was set at 7 years. The risks to human life and to critical systems increase exponentially over a minimally-resupplied, 7-10 year mission toMars. Our approach focused on identifying capabilities to mitigate known and unknown risks. Using a high-fidelity crew time model, we found that large architectures, with their economies of scale and productivity gains from specialization, are essential to robustly support the necessary capabilities. The model also shows that small 7-year missions of 12 persons or less cannot provide value in terms of free surface traverse time for science and exploration. Given the necessity of a large, complex architecture, we then sought out efficiencies and synergies (value engineering) in order to make the mission feasible and affordable. In the process, we identified more benefits that are enabled only by large missions, including the creation of a true community on Mars with sufficient social complexity for humans to thrive, and the geopolitically compelling option to inclu

关键词： Value engineering

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The Effect of G. applanatum Crude Polysaccharide Extract on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Proapoptotic Caspases in HeLa Cell Line: An In Vitro Study

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical sciences 2023年第1期2023卷

作者： Susilo, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Hayaza, Suhailah Fikriyah, Nur'aini Musthoza, Fina Syifa'una Islamatasya, Ufairanisa Rohmatika, Aulia Umi Winarni, Dwi Wahyuningsih, Sri Puji Astuti Doong, Ruey-An Karsari, Deya Yanti, Aristika Dinar Fahmi, Mochammad Zakki Darmanto, Win Magister Program in Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Department of Nanotechnology Engineering Faculty of Advance Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Sec. 2 Kuang Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Stem Cell Research and Development Center Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Institute of Science Technology and Health Jombang 61419 Indonesia

Polysaccharide extracts exhibit promise as potential anticancer agents. Among the fungi rich in polysaccharide content, G. applanatum stands out;however, its anticancer activity necessitates further investigation. This study aims to explore the impact of G. applanatum crude polysaccharide (GACP) extract by assessing its effects on cell viability, levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12, and levels of proapoptotic markers including caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as the percentages of necrosis and apoptosis in the HeLa cell line. Employing the HeLa cell line as a research model, four groups were studied: KN (media and DMSO), K+ (doxorubicin 10 μg/mL), P1 (G. applanatum extract 200 μg/mL), and P2 (G. applanatum extract 400 μg/mL). The G. applanatum extract was obtained via boiling distilled water. Anticancer activity was evaluated through the MTT test (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) conducted over three treatment durations (24, 48, and 72 hours). Cytokine levels and caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels were assessed using the ELISA test. Cell apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V-PI biomarker and analyzed through flow cytometry. The MTT test exhibited optimal results at the 48-hour treatment mark. Cytokine level analysis revealed significant reductions in TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 levels (p < 0.005). Concurrently, caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels exhibited substantial increases (p < 0.005). Flow cytometry highlighted the highest percentage of apoptosis in HeLa cells. In conclusion, G. applanatum's polysaccharide extract demonstrates potential as an anticancer and therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. © 2023 Qurrotu A'yun et al.

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Comparing dry and wet sieving with laser diffraction to the hydrometer method for particle size analysis of sandy bioretention soil media

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Soil science Society of America Journal 2025年第3期89卷

作者： Joseph S. Smith R. Andrew Tirpak William R. Osterholz Ryan J. Winston Department of Food Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit Columbus Ohio USA Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA Sustainability Institute The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA

Standardization of particle size analysis (PSA) is crucial to ensure the proper blending of stormwater filter media such as bioretention soil media (BSM). BSM typically contains >80% sand and is amended with organic matter and fines (silt and clay) to support pollutant removal. However, there is currently no standardized PSA method to verify whether BSM meets design specifications. This study compares three PSA methods—hydrometer, dry sieving with laser diffraction (DS + LD), and wet sieving with laser diffraction (WS + LD)—to evaluate their accuracy and repeatability for analyzing sandy BSM. Twenty-seven BSM samples were collected from three bioretention cells in Ohio. Substantial variability in results was observed depending on the BSM sample mass used in the hydrometer method. Triplicate BSM analyses by both DS + LD (83.9 ± 1.7% sand, 9.6 ± 3.0% silt, 6.5 ± 2.7% clay) and WS + LD (84.1 ± 1.7% sand, 10.6 ± 2.2% silt, 5.3 ± 1.7% clay) demonstrated high intra- and inter-method agreement, especially for sand content. The hydrometer and WS + LD methods were the most consistent for measuring clay content. We recommend measuring the sand and fines fractions separately after appropriate dispersion when conducting PSA on sandy soils like BSM. Although PSA requires additional time and cost, ensuring the proper delivery of well-characterized BSM outweighs the costs of potential bioretention cell clogging and reconstruction. The method used for BSM textural analysis should be reported by laboratories and on delivery of BSM. Future research should focus on BSM pretreatment methods prior to analysis of the mineral fraction to establish a standardized method for BSM PSA. This study looks at how to best measure particle sizes in soil engineered rain gardens called bioretention cells. Bioretention soil media (BSM) is made mostly of sand with some silt, clay, and organic matter to help filter pollutants from stormwater. There is no standard method to check if BSM is mixed correctl

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Evaluating the environmental occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potential exposure risk for recreational shellfish harvesters in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 986卷 179747页

作者： Gardiner, Christine L. Petali, Jonathan M. Chen, Celia Y. Giffard, Nathan G. Fernando, Sujan Holsen, Thomas M. Varghese, Juby R. Romano, Megan E. Crawford, Kathryn A. Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College HanoverNH United States Environmental Health Program New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services ConcordNH United States Battelle Memorial Institute ColumbusOH United States Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science Clarkson University PotsdamNY United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Clarkson University PotsdamNY United States Department of Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth LebanonNH United States Environmental Studies Program Middlebury College MiddleburyVT United States

Background: Shellfish may be an important contributor to PFAS exposure from seafood consumption. Yet, shellfish consumption patterns are distinct from other seafood varieties and PFAS exposure via shellfish consumption has not been well studied, especially among recreational harvesters who may be exposed to PFAS through direct consumption of shellfish, incidental ingestion of sediment, and dermal absorption. Methods: Collocated surface water, sediment, and bivalve shellfish samples were collected in the Great Bay Estuary, a prominent estuary in New Hampshire, USA with multiple known PFAS sources. All media were analyzed for 27 PFAS compounds via UPLC-MS/MS. Human health risk of PFAS exposure from recreational shellfish harvesting was estimated for typical and high seafood consumers across multiple exposure routes using available health guidance values. Results: PFAS were detected in all Great Bay water, sediment, and shellfish samples. PFAS concentrations varied spatially, and profiles varied by media type, with shorter chain compounds found in water and longer chain compounds found in sediment and shellfish. For adults, PFAS exposure risk from recreational shellfish harvesting was greatest from direct consumption of shellfish (>99 % of estimated daily PFAS dose), followed by dermal absorption and incidental sediment ingestion. For children, dermal absorption and incidental ingestion were also important, contributing up to 10 % of estimated daily exposure. PFAS exposure risk from consuming razor clams exceeded the reference hazard quotient of 1 for multiple compounds among the general population that consumes typical or greater amounts of seafood, and among persons of childbearing age and young children who consume high amounts of seafood. Conclusions: High frequency recreational shellfish harvesting and consumption may increase exposure to certain PFAS. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Cover Feature: Mechanistic Insight into Heteroatom Removal from Vacuum Gas Oil Blended with PMMA or PET Waste (ChemSusChem 15/2024)

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ChemSusChem 2024年第15期17卷

作者： Naydu Zambrano David Trueba Idoia Hita Roberto Palos Josune Azkoiti Alazne Gutiérrez Pedro Castaño Multiscale Reaction Engineering KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU PO Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1 48013 Bilbao Spain Chemical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

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Analysis study and experiments SEM-EDS of particles and porosity of empty fruit bunches

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Erdiwansyah Gani, Asri Desvita, Hera Mahidin Viena, Vera Mamat, Rizalman Sardjono, Ratnaningsih Eko Faculty of Engineering Universitas Serambi Mekkah Banda Aceh 23245 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Oil Palm and Coconut Research Center Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Universitas Serambi Mekkah Banda Aceh 23245 Indonesia Research Center for Chemistry National Research and Innovation Agency B.J. Habibie Science and Techno Park Serpong Banten South Tangerang 15314 Indonesia Department of Environment Engineering Universitas Serambi Mekkah Banda Aceh 23245 Indonesia Centre for Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia Chemistry Program Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia

Palm oil biomass waste has a high energy value and can be converted into fuel. However, the high ash content from burning biomass waste is undesirable. This research aims to analyze the porosity values and length of particles from empty-fruit-bunches biomass samples different treatments. Analysis of the porosity and particle length of empty fruit bunches is the latest in this research. The analysis results show that the R-Square value with the regression model for each sample is (raw 0.88375, flowrate 1L/sec 0.99997, and temperature 30 °C 0.99996). Meanwhile, porosity value of each sample (raw 84.55 %, flowrate 1L/sec 89.08%, temperature 30 °C 88.50 %). © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Biocoke fuel Energy production Experimental analysis SEM-EDS Sustainable fuel

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Sequential Action-Based Dynamic Decision-Support Model for Urban Ecological Planning

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution Team SK forest Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Ave DavisCA95616 United States Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. However, tools to support stepwise mitigation strategies that account for dynamic ecological responses to continuing urban development are limited. Therefore, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision-making model to simulate stepwise mitigation measures in space over time using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focused on exploring the ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures through four decades to identify trade-offs and optimal plans that minimize landscape connectivity and edge density as ecological responses to urban development and minimize implementation costs per action. The results showed that adopting an initial low-investment strategy with sequential planning significantly enhanced potential ecological benefits beyond the 2000s compared with one-action planning. In contrast, the initial high-cost investment exhibited a gradual decline in the ecological benefits over time from 1995. The initial low-cost investment presented an opportunity to enhance ecological benefits by implementing early mitigation measures in locations capable of sustaining long-term ecological functions. The results suggest that sequential planning offers valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning by analyzing time-series data. This study enables step-by-step scenario testing, thereby supporting the facilitation of urban and regional sustainability planning. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Estimating Aboveground Carbon Dynamic of China Using Optical and Microwave Remote-Sensing Datasets from 2013 to 2019

Journal of Remote Sensing

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2023年第1期3卷 19-34页

作者： Zhongbing Chang Lei Fan Jean-Pierre Wigneron Ying-Ping Wang Philippe Ciais Jérôme Chave Rasmus Fensholt Jing MChen Wenping Yuan Weimin Ju Xin Li Fei Jiang Mousong Wu Xiuzhi Chen Yuanwei Qin Frédéric Frappart Xiaojun Li Mengjia Wang Xiangzhuo Liu Xuli Tang Sanaa Hobeichi Mengxiao Yu Mingguo Ma Jianguang Wen Qing Xiao Weiyu Shi Dexin Liu Junhua Yan Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China INRAE UMR1391 ISPAUniversite de BordeauxF-33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere AspendaleVIC 3195Australia Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Universite Paris SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique Universite Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G3Canada College of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 3500007FujianChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082GuangdongChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519000GuangdongChina Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Spatial AnalysisUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA LEGOS Universite de ToulouseCNESCNRSIRDUPS-14 avenue Edouard Belin31400 ToulouseFrance State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Climate Change Research Centre University of N

Over the past 2 to 3 decades,Chinese forests are estimated to act as a large carbon sink,yet the magnitude and spatial patterns of this sink differ considerably among *** 3 microwave(L-and X-band vegetation optical depth[VOD])and 3 optical(normalized difference vegetation index,leaf area index,and tree cover)remote-sensing vegetation products,this study compared the estimated live woody aboveground biomass carbon(AGC)dynamics over China between 2013 and *** results showed that tree cover has the highest spatial consistency with 3 published AGC maps(mean correlation value R=0.84),followed by L-VOD(R=0.83),which outperform the other *** AGC estimation model was proposed to combine all indices to estimate the annual AGC dynamics in China during 2013 to *** performance of the AGC estimation model was good(root mean square error=0.05 Pg C and R^(2)=0.90 with a mean relative uncertainty of 9.8% at pixel scale[0.25°]).Results of the AGC estimation model showed that carbon uptake by the forests in China was about+0.17 Pg C year^(-1) from 2013 to *** the regional level,provinces in southwest China including Guizhou(+22.35 Tg C year^(-1)),Sichuan(+14.49 Tg C year^(-1)),and Hunan(+11.42 Tg C year^(-1))provinces had the highest carbon sink rates during 2013 to *** of the carbon-sink regions have been afforested recently,implying that afforestation and ecological engineering projects have been effective means for carbon sequestration in these regions.

关键词： estimation Remote microwave

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THE EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF THE ON-LINE SERIOUS GAMES AND PARTICIPATORY SIMULATION GROUP "APLSO" 29

THE EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF THE ON-LINE SERIOUS GAMES AND PA...

引用

29th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC 2021

作者： Rybkowski, Zofia K. da Alves, Thaís C.L. Liu, Min Department of Construction Science Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States J. R. Filanc Construction Eng. and Mgmt. Program Dept. of Civil Constr. and Env. Eng. San Diego State University San DiegoCA United States Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695-7908 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9786124802546

Lean simulations provide a critical "aha moment" that helps with the understanding and buy-in of key lean principles. The purpose of this article is to share the process of development and implementation of an ongoing international on-line Lean-IPD simulation experimentation community called Administering and Playing Lean Simulations Online (APLSO). The group emerged following the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic to include academics from 38 universities (70%) and consultant practitioners (30%). This paper documents the inception and growth of this community so that lessons learned can be shared with the international lean construction community. Serious games and simulations were transitioned to an online format, relying heavily on commonly available software such as Zoom™ and Google Slides™. The most frequently developed simulations tended to be those most typically played by academics and consultants prior to the pandemic. The authors classified games presented, as well as identified physical simulations still needing to be converted to an online format. © Prof. Luis F. Alarcón and Assoc. Prof. Vicente González, IGL2021 All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Advanced Blb Disease Assessment in Paddy Fields Using Multispectral Uav Data and Patch Fragmentation Metrics

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wijayanto, Arif Kurnia Prasetyo, Lilik Budi Hudjimartsu, Sahid Agustian Sigit, Gunardi Hongo, Chiharu Department of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism Faculty of Forestry and Environment IPB University Bogor16680 Indonesia Ronpaku Fellow Tokyo102-0083 Japan Environmental Research Center IPB University Bogor16680 Indonesia Study Program of Information Technology Faculty of Science and Engineering Ibn Khaldun University Bogor16129 Indonesia Department Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Regional Office of Food Crops Service West Java Province Cianjur43283 Indonesia Chiba University Chiba263-8522 Japan

This study presents a new method for assessing bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in paddy fields using multispectral UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) data through patch fragmentation analysis. Unlike traditional pixel-based methods, which often fail to capture the spatial context, our approach treats pixels as objects and analyzes their spatial relationships to evaluate BLB severity. We used six patch fragmentation metrics derived from binarized vegetation indices to classify BLB damage scores using a random forest algorithm. This method achieves high accuracy (AUC of 0.938) with a 0.5-meter sampling window, offering a more detailed assessment than conventional pixel-based analysis. This study highlights the benefits of incorporating the spatial context and improving BLB monitoring and management. This innovative approach allows agricultural stakeholders to gain valuable insights into the extent and severity of BLB disease infestation, enabling targeted intervention strategies for disease management and mitigation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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