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Evaluation of plant seed DNA and botanical evidence for potential forensic applications

Forensic sciences Research 2020年第1期5卷 55-63页

作者： Cheng-Lung Lee Yi-Hsin Huang Ian CHsu Henry CLee Department of Criminal Investigation Taiwan Police CollegeTaiwanChina Crime Scene Theater Qatar Police CollegeDohaQatar Institute of Business and Management National Chiao Tung UniversityTaiwanChina Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua UniversityTaiwanChina Forensic Science Program University of New HavenWest HavenCTUSA

Seeds,the reproductive organs of plants,are common as trace evidence from crime *** evidence could be grouped into several categories based on the types of crimes they are associated with,including child abuse,homicides and *** commonly,seeds are examined microscopically and identified to the plant species level to show a linkage between persons and *** recently,forensic researchers have evaluated the poten-tial for extracting and typing DNA from seeds to further individualize the *** a model system,tomato seeds were examined microscopically after different cooking treat-ments and assessed for the potential to DNA type seeds for variety identification.A sufficient quantity and quality of DNA were recovered from uncooked,digested and undigested tomato seeds for amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)analysis;however,any form of cooking destroyed the seed DNA.A simple microscopic analysis was able to distin-guish between a cooked tomato seed versus an uncooked *** article is intended to provide an overview of case examples and current techniques for the forensic examination of seeds as plant-derived evidence.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic botany tomato seed DNA extraction crime scene non-human evidence AFLP STR

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A call to action to address escalating global threats to academic research

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The Innovation 2025年第4期6卷 17-19页

作者： Gaelle Piret Fun Man Fung Josie Fullerton Giuseppe Fico Dmitriy Ponkratov Wenxin Chen Daniela Latorre Kirsty Y.Wan Nima Aghaeepour Jules Welgryn Adeel Razi Patricia Silveyra Ahmet Altun Renata Z.Jurkowska Alice C.Hughes Joy Wolfram INSERM U1205 UGA38400 Saint Martin d’HèresFrance School of Chemistry University College DublinD04 C1P1 BelfieldIreland UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy University College DublinD04 N9Y1 DublinIreland School of Cardiovascular&Metabolic Health University of GlasgowG128TA GlasgowUK European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering and Science 3001 LeuvenBelgium Life Supporting Technologies Universidad Politécnica de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Siemens Digital Industries Software B908BG SolihullUK Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Microbiology ETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland Living Systems Institute&Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of ExeterEX44QD ExeterUK Department of Anesthesiology Painand Perioperative MedicineDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of Biomedical Data ScienceStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA UniversitéParis Nanterre 92000 NanterreFrance Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciencesand Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging University College LondonWC1N 3AR LondonUK CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program TorontoON M5G 1M1Canada Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Indiana University School of Public Health BloomingtonBloomingtonIN 47408USA Department of Pharmacology Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivas 58140Turkey Division of Biomedicine School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCF103AX CardiffUK School of Biological Sciences University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

This article is a call to action to address escalating threats to scientific progress that affect academic researchers across the *** threats include public mistrust of science,challenges in translating academic research to end-user applications,a disconnect between academics and policymakers,emerging barriers to international collaboration,and a reliance on conventional metrics to evaluate academic *** article presents various calls to action informed by exemplary approaches across the globe that serve as frameworks to drive beneficial transformation for researchers,academic institutions,and society.

关键词： academic research calls action global threats public mistrust sciencechallenges translating academic research disconnect academics policymakers call action translation research

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Microplastics Contamination in Aquaculture-Rich Regions: A Case Study in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sartimbul, Aida Anjeli, Ulfa Gita Sulistiyati, Titik Dwi Yona, Defri Iranawati, Feni Seftiyawan, Fahreza Okta Aliviyanti, Dian Lauro, Federico M. Matallana-Surget, Sabine Magister Program of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Universitas Brawijaya Jalan Veteran East Java Malang65145 Indonesia Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Brawijaya Jalan Veteran East Java Malang65145 Indonesia Universitas Brawijaya Jalan Veteran East Java Malang65145 Indonesia Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering Nanyang Technological University 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore637551 Singapore Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling StirlingFK9 4LA United Kingdom

The widespread use of plastic has led to the accumulation of plastic waste in various sizes, including the so called Microplastics (MPs). The entry of MPs into aquatic ecosystems can contaminate the organisms, particularly fish. This study report for the first time a quantitative and qualitative analysis conducted on the abundance of MPs encountered in water and sediment of milkfish aquaculture ponds in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Water and sediment samples were collected at three stations between February to April 2021. The abundance of MPs was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and Pearson's correlation. The presence of four types of MPs: fragments, fibers, films, and pellets. The highest abundance of MPs in both water (10.40 particle/L) and sediment samples (1.15 particle/g) was observed in March. The predominant MPs size in the water samples is 100 - 500 µm, while in the sediment below 100 µm. The color of the MPs varied across eight colors: black, purple, red, blue, yellow, pink, green, and transparent. The identification of MPs polymers was found to be polypropylene (PP), Polyurethane (PU), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The presence of MPs in the water column and sediments is influenced by human activities around the ponds. Hence, MPs can cause harm to aquatic organisms through tropical transfer. This study provides good information for the local government to develop waste management strategies for a clean environment and human health. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sediments

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High-temperature mid-IR absorption and reaction kinetics of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane: An experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology 2023年 13卷

作者： Adil, Mohammad Giri, Binod Raj Mai, Tam V.-T. Szőri, Milán Huynh, Lam K. Farooq, Aamir Mechanical Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia KAUST Clean Combustion Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Molecular Science and Nano-Materials Lab Institute for Computational Science and Technology SBI Building Quang Trung Software City Tan Chanh Hiep Ward District 12 Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam University of Science Vietnam National University – HCMC 227 Nguyen Van Cu Ward 4 District 5 Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam Vietnam National University – HCMC Quarter 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam Institute of Chemistry University of Miskolc Egyetemváros A/2 Miskolc H-3515 Hungary School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering International University Quarter 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

This work reports the mid-IR spectroscopy and reaction kinetics of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (2M13DO). We carried out spectroscopic measurements to deduce temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of 2M13DO over a broad wavelength range of 8.4–10.5 μm (950–1190 cm⁻¹). For these measurements, we employed a rapidly tuning MIRcat-QT™ laser that can be operated either at a fixed wavelength or scanned mode over wide wavelength regions. By operating the laser at a fixed wavelength, we monitored the decay of 2M13DO behind reflected shock waves over T₅ = 1050–1400 K and P₅ = 0.7 and 2.6 bar. Our measured concentration time-histories of 2M13DO allowed us to directly extract the overall rate coefficients for the unimolecular decomposition of 2M13DO using the first-order rate law. We did not observe any pressure dependence in the measured rate coefficients, indicating that the reaction is close to the high-pressure limit. By employing the W1U composite method, we explored the important pyrolysis reaction pathways of 2M13DO in the reactive potential energy surface. Three important reaction channels, namely, 2M13DO → CH₂[dbnd]CHOCH₂CH₂OH (IM1), 2M13DO → 2CH₃CHO (P3), 2M13DO → CH₃ + 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl (P4) were identified. Below 700 K, IM1 forming channel is dominant, whereas CH₃CHO formation is dominant under our experimental conditions. Above 1500 K, the radical forming channel (CH₃+P4) takes over other channels. At higher temperatures, the contribution of the radical forming channel continually increases, accounting for ∼ 99% at 2000 K. We used the stochastic RRKM-ME model to predict the pressure and temperature dependence of the rate coefficients, k(T, P), and time-resolved species profiles. Our theory showed excellent agreement with the measured rate coefficients. These are the first direct determination of the rate coefficients of the unimolecular decomposition of

关键词： 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane Absorption spectra High-temperature Pyrolysis RRKM-ME calculations Shock tube

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AstroPix: A Pixelated HVCMOS Sensor for Space-Based Gamma-Ray Measurement

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Caputo, Regina Violette, Daniel P. Affolder, Anthony Bauman, Autumn Chinatti, Carolyn Deshmukh, Aware Fadayev, Vitaliy Fukazawa, Yasushi Jadhav, Manoj Kierans, Carolyn Kim, Bobae Kim, Jihee Klest, Henry Kroger, Olivia Kumar, Kavic Kushima, Shin Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Leys, Richard Martinez-Mckinney, Forest Metcalfe, Jessica Metzler, Zachary Mitchell, John W. Nakano, Norito Ott, Jennifer Peric, Ivan Perkins, Jeremy S. Rudin, Max R. Shin, Taylor K.W. Sommer, Grant Striebig, Nicolas Suda, Yusuke Tajima, Hiroyasu Valverde, Janeth Zurek, Maria NASA Postdoctoral Program NASA Goddard Space Flight Center MD United States University of California Santa CruzCA United States University of Colorado DenverCO United States NASA Office of STEM Engagement WashingtonDC United States Carleton College Minnesota United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology Maryland United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Japan Argonne National Laboratory Illinois United States University of Maryland MD United States Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Japan Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Germany Rice University TX United States The George Washington University WashingtonDC United States Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Japan Department of Physics Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore CountyMD United States

A next-generation medium-energy gamma-ray telescope targeting the MeV range would address open questions in astrophysics regarding how extreme conditions accelerate cosmic-ray particles, produce relativistic jet outflows, and more. One concept, AMEGO-X, relies upon the mission-enabling CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor silicon chip AstroPix. AstroPix is designed for space-based use, featuring low noise, low power consumption, and high scalability. Desired performance of the device include an energy resolution of 5 keV (or 10% FWHM) at 122 keV and a dynamic range per-pixel of 25 − 700 keV, enabled by the addition of a high-voltage bias to each pixel which supports a depletion depth of 500 μm. This work reports on the status of the AstroPix development process with emphasis on the current version under test, version three (v3), and highlights of version two (v2). Version 3 achieves energy resolution of 10.4 ± 3.2% at 59.5 keV and 94 ± 6 μm depletion in a low-resistivity test silicon substrate. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmology

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Canopy cover estimation based on support vector regression derived from Lidar & Landsat 8 OLI 40

Canopy cover estimation based on support vector regression d...

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40th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing: Progress of Remote Sensing Technology for Smart Future, ACRS 2019

作者： Hudjimartsu, Sahid Tampinongkol, Felliks Rudianto, Yoga Setiawan, Yudi Prasetyo, Lilik Budi Forests2020 Programme Environmental Analysis and Spatial Modelling Laboratory Department of Forest Resource Conservation Faculty of Forestry Bogor Agricultural University Bogor West Java Indonesia Geoinformatic of Informatics Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering and Science Ibn Khaldun University Jalan KH Soleh Iskandar KM 2 Tanah Sereal Bogor West Jawa Indonesia

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) provides geospatial information with massive amounts of data to use in a variety of applications. Canopy cover percentage of tree crown is one application that is estimated through LiDAR data. This study aims to estimate a canopy cover derived from LiDAR used as reference data with multispectral Landsat 8 OLI. Statistical or machine learning approaches can be used to estimate a canopy cover. In statistical inference, the form of distribution chosen by the analyst and parameter is estimated from the data. This will be a problem in the construction function for the National scale, due to many ecosystems and then will have many functions for each ecosystem. Machine learning (ML) methods, in contrast, are various kinds of algorithms that are used to learn the mapping function or classification rules inductively, directly from the training data. ML can solve problems related to big data and global method and it will be used as a methodical approach to estimate canopy cover on the National scale. In this study, we use a support vector regression (SVR) as ML method to estimate the canopy cover. The estimated percentage of canopy cover will be used as one of the parameters to classify a forest. © 2020 40th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, ACRS 2019: "Progress of Remote Sensing Technology for Smart Future". All rights reserved.

关键词： Ecosystems

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Optimizing mangrove afforestation site selection in gulf cooperation council nations using remote sensing and machine learning

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 988卷 179805页

作者： Dutta Roy, Abhilash Mohan, Midhun Hendy, Ian AlMealla, Reem Watt, Michael S. Burt, John A. Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo Almansoori, Amna Alzahlawi, Nessrine Abdullah, Meshal Ali, Tarig Nithyanandan, Manickam Aboobacker, Valliyil Mohammed de-Miguel, Sergio Ecoresolve San FranciscoCA United States Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering School of Agrifood and Forestry Engineering and Veterinary Medicine University of Lleida Lleida Spain Department of Geography University of California - Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States PO Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Institute of Marine Sciences University of Portsmouth Portsmouth United Kingdom Nuwat for Environmental Research & Education Al Janabiyah Bahrain Scion 10 Kyle St Christchurch8011 New Zealand New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Fujairah Research Center Fujairah United Arab Emirates Environmental Agency Abu Dhabi PO Box 45553 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Geography College of Arts and Social Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Environment and Life Sciences Research Center Coastal and Marine Resources Program Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research P.O. Box.1638 Kuwait Environmental Science Center Qatar University Doha Qatar Solsona Spain

Mangrove forests are vulnerable coastal ecosystems that provide multiple ecosystem services and act as blue carbon sinks. Mangroves in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries of the Arabian peninsula (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE) have faced pressure from numerous anthropogenic factors including population growth, dredging and reclamation in lagoonal habitats, pollution and rapid urban development. Given the inconsistent outcomes of past mangrove ARR (Afforestation-Reforestation-Revegetation) efforts, our research aimed to identify high-potential ARR sites in the GCC using remote sensing. We identified eight factors related to mangrove ARR outcomes through correlation analyses: elevation, soil pH, median precipitation, median and minimum land surface temperature (LST), soil salinity, soil texture and distance from urban areas. To predict mangrove suitability, we compared the Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) classification algorithms. The RF model performed best with an F1-score of 0.96, ROC-AUC of 0.99 and PR-AUC of 0.75. Variable importance analysis revealed that median LST, soil texture and median precipitation were the most influential variables. Favorable conditions for mangrove establishment included median temperatures of 32–37 °C, minimum temperatures around 27 °C, clayey soils, and monthly rainfall above 10 mm. Other suitable characteristics included lower elevation, greater distance from urban areas, slightly acidic to neutral pH, and moderate-to-high soil salinity. Our findings show that there is a large opportunity for mangrove afforestation in the GCC and also proposes a framework to identify optimal sites for mangrove growth, which can improve ARR success and support biodiversity and blue carbon goals in the Arabian peninsula. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Support vector machines

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Geospatial model of organophosphate insecticide residues in shallot land in Wanasari Sub-district, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia 5

Geospatial model of organophosphate insecticide residues in ...

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5th International Conference on Energy, environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2020

作者： Indratin Arief Budihardjo, Mochamad Helmi, Muhammad Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Departement of Environmental Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Oceanography Department Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Center of Coastal Rehabilitation and Disaster Mitigation Studies [CoREM Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute [IAERI Agriculture Agency of Idn Indonesia

Organophosphates are a group of chemicals that are still allowed to be used in Indonesia and much preferred by most farmers. Excessive usage of organophosphate is expected to contaminate the soil, water, plants, the environment and humans. This research was aimed to create the geospatial models of organophosphate insecticide residues which consist of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Profenofos on farms of shallots production centers. The research was performed in the field of shallots production agriculture in Wanasari sub-district, Brebes Regency in March-June 2020. The extraction of multiresidue pesticides method used was the QuECheRS and the measurement of residues used the 2014 GC Shimadzu with Electron Capture Detector (ECD) which was carried out in the IAERI Laboratory. Meanwhile, the geospatial modeling of organophosphate insecticide residues was done by using the Spline Interpolation method in ArcGIS 10.4, which was carried out in Diponegoro University's CoREM laboratory. The analysis of soil samples taken from 44 sampling points showed that the Organophosphate insecticide Chlorpyrifos was at the level of © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2020.

关键词： Interpolation

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Nonclassical Hydrogen Bond-Based Efficient Solid-State Organic Emitters Enabled by a Synergistic Anion and Mechanical Bond Effect

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年第23期137卷

作者： Yi An Ru Zhou Ningjin Zhang Aocheng Chen Junfei Xing Shu Zhang Quan Li Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA

Traditional fluorophores often face aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), limiting their efficacy in high-concentration applications. We demonstrate that a combined effect of anion and mechanical bond can significantly increase fluorescence intensity, up to 14-fold, and a quantum yield of 97.0%. A large number of crystal analyses reveal that this enhancement is primarily driven by nonclassical hydrogen bonds, which stabilize the structure and restrict molecular motion. The versatility of this synergistic effect opens up new avenues for applications, including circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) facilitated by chiral anions and the development of a fluorescence switchable rotaxane shuttle-based stimuli-responsive material.

关键词： Anion Circularly polarized luminescence Mechanical bond Nonclassical hydrogen bond Stimuli-responsive materials

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Exploring the Social Metabolism of Urban Wastewater Reuse: Analysis Framework and a Case Study in South-Central Chile

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Neumann, Patricio Hidalgo, Steven Diaz, Michelle Quintana, Carlos Madrid-López, Cristina Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Sciences Universidad del Bío-Bío. Chillán Chile ANID FONDAP 15130015 Chile Ñuble Studies Center Universidad del Bío-Bío. Chillán Chile Doctoral program in Sciences with mention in Renewable Natural Resources Faculty of Sciences Universidad del Bío-Bío. Chillán Chile Natural Resources Engineering program Faculty of Sciences Universidad del Bío-Bío. Chillán Chile LIVEN lab SosteniPra group Institute for Environmental Science and Technology Autonomous University of Barcelona Catalunya Spain

Despite its relevance for copying with water scarcity in cities, wastewater reuse aches from the complexity and trade-offs of its implementation. Therefore, holistic evaluation methods are necessary to assess its potential, constrains, and socio-ecological impacts. In this study, wastewater reuse sustainability was assessed from a social metabolism perspective, and with a focus to a case study in South-Central Chile. An analysis that joints Material Flow accounting and Multiscale Integrated Assessment of Societal and Ecological Metabolism (MuSIASEM) tool was performed for several cities. Indicators of water use and performance were calculated, and the feasibility, viability and desirability of different reuse strategies was *** results reveal the pattern of water use at different levels, highlighting the potential of wastewater reuse to improve urban self-sufficiency, replace water in relevant economic activities at the regional level, and avoid the environmental impacts of wastewater discharge. However, effluent quality and the fluctuations observed in wastewater flow limit the viability of some alternatives. Furthermore, reuse was socially accepted only when contact with water is reduced. The proposed framework integrated relevant issues of wastewater reuse, representing a useful tool that can be complemented with in-depth assessments of critical problems. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metabolism

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