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Ignition ability prediction model of biomass fuel by arc beads using logistic regression

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2023年第11期148卷 4745-4757页

作者： Lyu, Hui-Fei Wang, Cai-Ping Deng, Jun Wang, Wei-Feng Li, Yang Shu, Chi-Min Postdoctoral Program Xi’an University of Science and Technology 58 Yanta Mid. Rd. Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China Department of Fire Protection Engineering China People’s Police University Hebei Langfang065000 China Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan

Wildland–urban interface fires are a severe fire hazard due to biomass ignition caused by arc beads. This study investigated how the energy, diameter, and number of arc beads affect biomass ignition probabilities. An improved experimental method was used to generate arc beads of various arc energies. Here, α-cellulose materials, which are well-characterised as biomass, were used as fuels. A high-speed camera recorded ignition phenomenology, revealing two ignition behaviours of rolling and embedding. The results revealed that an electrical fault arc energy of approximately 175 J was the most dangerous ignition condition. Ignition phenomenology was categorised into ignition and non-ignition, and it was observed that ignition could only occur during the bead rolling process. Contrarily, non-ignition occurred when its bounce even spun plenty of times. Ignition limits, namely the ignition region, potential ignition region, and non-ignition region, were determined. Furthermore, a novel predictive logistic regression-based ignition probability model was established, which indicated that the ignition occurrence of an arc bead was highly dependent on the diameter of the arc bead. The developed mathematical model can reasonably predict the ignition ability of biomass fuel ignition by arc beads. © 2023, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

关键词： Biomass

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Flexural-gravity wave interaction with undulating bottom topography in the presence of uniform current: An asymptotic approach

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Applied Mathematical Modelling 2024年 133卷 41-64页

作者： Barman, Koushik Kanti Chanda, Ayan Tsai, Chia-Cheng Mondal, Sandipan Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Jharkhand India Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture Indian Institute of Technology West Bengal Kharagpur India Bachelor Degree Program in Ocean Engineering and Technology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Department of Environmental Biology and Fishery Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan

Using an asymptotic method, this article deals with flexural-gravity wave scattering with undulating bottom topography, including the effect of uniform currents. The interest in this problem lies in developing second-order solutions using the Fourier transform, which minimises the error gap between first and second-order solutions. The present method allows the physical processes involved in the sea-bed topography, uniform current, plate-covered surface, and wave interaction to be studied. Specifically, we observe Bragg resonance between the flexural-gravity waves and the bottom ripples, which are associated with the reflection of incident wave energy. We examine the effects of wave current and emphasise how crucial the asymptotic expansion method is to the emergence of the current response. We demonstrate that bottom topography dominates the effects of Bragg resonance for depth Froude numbers valued at 0.8 or less. Further, most reflected wave components have their frequencies shifted by the current, and wave action conservation causes reflected wave energy to be enhanced for following currents. Using the Joint North Sea Wave Observation Project spectrum and the discrete Fourier transform, the theory derived in the frequency domain is shown in the time domain to analyse wave propagation through the whole system. © 2024

关键词： Time domain analysis

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High-resolution density profile of shallow ice core from the southeast Greenland dome drilled in 2021

High-resolution density profile of shallow ice core from the...

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作者： Takasugi, Keita Hori, Akira Kawakami, Kaoru Matsumoto, Mai Sasage, Mahiro Saito, Takeshi Iizuka, Yoshinori Graduate School Social and Environmental Engineering Program Kitami Institute of Technology Japan Department of Earth Energy and Environmental Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology Japan Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Japan Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Japan

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Impact of spatial distribution of light intensity on disinfection kinetics of Mycobacterium smegmatis and E. coli using TiO2-based photocatalyst

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Nanotechnology for environmental engineering 2023年第2期8卷 567-579页

作者： Mandal, Chinmoy Nishad, Vartika Sahu, Manoranjan 507 Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Photocatalysis using various nanomaterials of different characteristics has been investigated with various metrics for achieving optimal efficiency. However, the spatial distribution of light intensities from the light source, a key factor in photocatalysis process and the selection of an appropriate kinetic model for explaining disinfection characteristics of different microorganisms have not been given ample consideration. In this study, a suitable model has been applied to identify spatial distribution of light based on the light source used and applied in the kinetic models to identify the disinfection rate. Disinfection efficiencies of nanoparticles (TiO2 and Cu-doped TiO2) with different light intensities on gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis and gram-negative bacteria E. coli was evaluated. The kinetic study revealed that Mycobacterium smegmatis fits well with Chick–Watson model, while E. coli fits well with delayed Chick–Watson model. The rate constants (k) were found to be 0.013 min−1 (TiO2), 0.021 min−1 (3%Cu–TiO2) and 0.020 min−1 (Cu2+) for Mycobacterium and 0.019 min−1 (TiO2) for E. coli. From model evaluation, light intensity decreased exponentially from 3.07 µW cm−2 (3 cm) to 0.98 µW cm−2 (6 cm) and 0.10 µW cm−2 (25 cm) resulting in a sharp decline in the inactivation potential;however, the effect was insignificant beyond 10 cm. On doubling the intensity, disinfection efficiency increased by 1.6 log CFUml−1 (TiO2) and 2.4 log CFU ml−1 (Cu–TiO2), but with one-fourth of intensity it decreased by 1.2 log CFUml−1 (TiO2) and 1.8 log CFUml−1 (Cu–TiO2). Therefore, by optimizing the combination of nanoparticles like TiO2 and Cu, light intensity at 6.14 µW cm−2 and optimal spatial distribution of the light source at 3 cm, increased efficiency of microbial disinfection could be achieved. Thus, this study provides an approach to optimize photocatalytic parameters with inclusion of spatial distribution of light intensity for enhancing the photocatalyt

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Study of bioaerosol disinfection kinetics and application of nonlinear regression modeling for optimization of TiO2-based photocatalytic disinfection process

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Nanotechnology for environmental engineering 2023年第4期8卷 911-922页

作者： Nishad, Vartika Mandal, Chinmoy Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 507 Powai Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Bacteria and viruses are some of the major sources of indoor air pollution. Many strategies are utilized to control indoor biopollutants. Among the new emerging technologies, this work focuses on the photocatalytic oxidation process and application of disinfection models to optimize the photocatalytic process in bioaerosol control. The kinetics of bioaerosol disinfection was investigated in the photocatalytic process with nonlinear regression analysis for Serratia marcescens and E. coli bacteria. The Chick–Watson model was found suitable and was applied for determination of the inactivation kinetics. The inactivation rate constant k’ was found to be 0.0038 min−1 for S. marcescens and 0.09 min−1 for E. coli. The outcomes showed that in the process of disinfection kinetics of bioaerosols, pseudo-first-order kinetics fits well. With nonlinear regression analysis, a model was developed based on functional parameters such as UV intensity (20 to 100 W/m2), relative humidity (30 to 85%) and air velocity (37 to 112 ft/min) for S. marcescens and TiO2 loading (960 and 1516 mg/m2), UV intensity (0.5 to 3.4 mW/cm2) and relative humidity (51 to 85%) for E. coli. For E. coli overall inactivation was found to increase with an increase in TiO2 loading, RH or UV intensities. The inactivation rate of S. marcescens increased with an increase in UV intensity;however, it was found to decrease at very high or low values of relative humidity and air velocity. Hence, the optimum values for relative velocity were found to be 50% and air velocity of 74 ft/min for S. marcescens. The rate expressions derived for both data can be utilized for predicting and optimizing the disinfection rate at different conditions. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Insights of phytoremediation mechanisms for viruses based on in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico assessments of selected herbal plants

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Chemosphere 2024年 351卷 141101页

作者： Zure, Diaiti David Kuo, Hsion-Wen Drizo, Aleksandra Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sustainable Science and Management Program Tunghai University Taiwan

Waterborne pathogenic viruses present unrelenting challenges to the global health and wastewater treatment industry. Phytoremediation offers promising solutions for wastewater treatment through plant-based technologies. This study investigated antiviral mechanisms in-vivo using bacteriophages MS2 and T4 as surrogates for effective herbs screened in-vitro from three embryophytes (Ocimum basilicum, Mentha sp., Plectranthus amboinicus), two macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes) and a perennial grass (Cyperus rotundas). In-silico virtual screening predicted antiviral phytochemicals for further antiviral potency assessment. Results suggested in-vitro antiviral activities of embryophytes and macrophytes were higher (43–62%) than grass (21–26%). O. basilicum (OB, 57–62%) and P. stratiotes (PS, 59–60%) exhibited the highest antiviral activities. In-vivo tests showed notable virus reduction (>60%) in culture solution, attributed to rhizofiltration (66–74%) and phytoinactivation/phytodegradation (63–84%). In-silico analysis identified rutin as a primary antiviral phytochemical for MS2 (−9.7 kcal/mol) and T4 (−10.9 kcal/mol), correlating with dose-response inactivation (∼58–62%). In-vivo tests suggested additional phytocompounds may contribute to viral inactivation, presenting new opportunities for herb-based wastewater treatment solutions. Consequently, this study not only demonstrates the antiviral capabilities of OB and PS but also introduces an innovative approach for addressing viral contaminants in water. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Antiviral mechanisms Herbal plants Phytoremediation Surrogate viruses Wastewater treatment

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Nano-enhanced potassium biostimulants: augmenting wheat yield, antioxidant activity, and micronutrient bioavailability in arid agricultural systems

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Nanotechnology for environmental engineering 2025年第2期10卷 1-14页

作者： Shahryari, Ali Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, Sedigheh Beyzaei, Hamid Mohammadi, Yasaman Nusrat, Easmin Sharifan, Hamidreza Department of Biology Faculty of Basic Sciences University of Zabol Zabol Iran Department of Chemistry Faculty of Basic Sciences University of Zabol Zabol Iran Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso El PasoTX United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at El Paso El PasoTX United States

The development of agricultural biostimulants (BS) has marked a significant advancement in bolstering crop resilience against environmental stressors. This study investigates synthesizing and applying six novel nano-based potassium (K)-enriched biostimulants that enhance micronutrient availability, nitrogen uptake, and subsequent plant growth during seed germination and developmental phases. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the synthesized biostimulants were characterized before their application in soil-supporting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation. The biostimulants’ effects at three concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mmol) and were evaluated on physiological and biomolecular parameters. To assess nutrient availability, soil mineral content was analyzed via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). An increase in biostimulant concentration led to a marked rise in seed germination rates, correlating with elevated bioavailability of nitrates, ammonia, sulfur, potassium, and other key micronutrients. At a threshold concentration of 0.2 mmol, a notable improvement in the bioavailability of nutrients and a significant increase in the total phenol and flavonoid content was observed. The phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE), while flavonoids were quantified based on quercetin equivalents. These phytochemicals were correlated with enhanced antioxidant activities, measured using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The results indicated an 80% increase in antioxidant capacity, particularly for biostimulant BS6 at the 0.2 mmol concentration. Furthermore, biostimulants demonstrated a positive effect on the elongation of radicles and plumules, contributing to improved plant vigor. Overall, the study highlights the potential of synthesized K-based biostimulants to significantly enhance crop productivity, nutrient uptake, and antio

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Marine macro-litter sources and ecological impact: a review

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environmental Chemistry Letters 2024年第3期22卷 1257-1273页

作者： Le, Van-Giang Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Ky Lin, Chitsan Hung, Nguyen T. Quang Khedulkar, Akhil P. Hue, Nguyen K. Trang, Phung T. Thu Mungray, Arvind Kumar Nguyen, D. Duc Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Vietnam National University Hanoi111000 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University MontrealQC Canada Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Environmental Research Center Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology Science and Climate Change Hanoi111000 Viet Nam Department of Chemical Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat Surat395007 India Department of Civil and Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Institute of Applied and Sustainable Technology Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam

Marine pollution by various debris is rising in the context of increasing urbanization, industrialization and worldwide trade. Here, we review marine macro-litter with focus on sources, abundance, distribution, and impact on aquatic wildlife, human health, and the economy. We observe that about 75–80% of marine litter originates from land-based sources, including poorly managed landfills and improper disposal. Macro-litter ingestion by marine life is of growing concern, in particular concerning the presence of plastics and associated pollutants, e.g., bisphenol A and phthalates, in fishes. These pollutants are accumulated and transferred to human via seafood. Marine plastic pollution induces a substantial rise of economic costs due to the decline of ecosystem services. Mitigation of marine plastic pollution should be done by following the ten Rs principles of refuse, rethink, reduce, re-use, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

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Nanoconfinement effect of nanoporous carbon electrodes for ionic liquid-based aluminum metal anode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第11期31卷 121-127,I0005页

作者： Juhee Yoon Seongbak Moon Son Ha Hyung-Kyu Lim Hyoung-Joon Jin Young Soo Yun Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212South Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212South Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841South Korea Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Kangwon National UniversityGangwon-do 24341South Korea Department of Integrative Energy Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841South Korea

Rechargeable aluminum batteries(RABs),which use earth-abundant and high-volumetric-capacity metal anodes(8040 m Ah cm-3),have great potential as next-generation power sources because they use cheaper resources to deliver higher energies,compared to current lithium ion ***,the mechanism of charge delivery in the newly developed,ionic liquid-based electrolytic system for RABs differs from that in conventional organic ***,targeted research efforts are required to address the large overpotentials and cycling decay encountered in the ionic liquid-based electrolytic *** this study,a nanoporous carbon(NPC)electrode with well-developed nanopores is used to develop a high-performance aluminum *** negatively charged nanopores can provide quenched dynamics of electrolyte molecules in the aluminum deposition process,resulting in an increased collision *** fast chemical equilibrium of anionic species induced by the facilitated anionic collisions leads to more favorable reduction reactions that form aluminum *** nanoconfinement effect causes separated nucleation and growth of aluminum nanoparticles in the multiple confined nanopores,leading to higher coulombic efficiencies and more stable cycling performance compared with macroporous carbon black and 2D stainless steel electrodes.

关键词： Nanoconfinement effect Nanoporous carbon Ionic liquid electrolyte Metal anode Aluminum batteries Multivalent batteries

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A Review of Smart City Initiatives: Assessing the Integration and Impact on Sustainable environmental Management in Urban Heritage Sites

A Review of Smart City Initiatives: Assessing the Integratio...

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International Conference on Informatics and Computational sciences (ICICoS)

作者： Bagus Irawan Syafrudin Syafrudin Mochamad Arief Budihardjo Doctorate Program in Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350375886

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375893

In the digital age, managing urban heritage sites presents unique challenges that necessitate the integration of smart technologies. This review assesses the integration and impact of smart city initiatives on sustainable environmental management in urban heritage sites. Through a comprehensive literature review of 84 papers from scienceDirect and Scopus, this study categorizes the findings into three themes: Smart City Initiative Analysis, Heritage Site Considerations, and Smart Technology Integration Models. The review highlights the significant contributions of smart technologies, such as digital analysis, 3D documentation, and Information and communication technology, in enhancing sustainability and preserving cultural values. Case studies from Amsterdam, Barcelona, Seville, and Uzbek illustrate these initiatives’ practical applications and outcomes. The paper underscores the need for robust policies, public awareness, and multidisciplinary collaboration to maximize the benefits of smart city initiatives. Finally, the study identifies gaps in current research and suggests further research directions for integrating smart technologies into urban heritage site management.

关键词： Technological innovation Three-dimensional displays Smart cities Reviews Collaboration Documentation Information age

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