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The risk factors and threshold level of subchronic inhalation exposure of reclaimed water

Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 639-650页

作者： Jiayang Kong Yun Lu Yunru Ren Menghao Chen Gang Liu Liangliang Shi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute *** exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses with visible tissue ***,subchronic risk factors have yet to be identified,and a threshold for the protection of occupational populations during urban reuse is *** this study,potential risk factors in reclaimed water were examined by subchronic exposure with fractionated reclaimed water,and the health risk threshold was tested with a series of diluted reclaimed ***,following a 12-week exposure,macromolecules and microorganisms were found to be two major risk factors in reclaimed water that could cause pulmonary infammation,including increased proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar fuid,formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,and elevation of Immunoglobulin A ***,infammation persisted after a 4-week recovery *** calculated threshold of reclaimed water exposure for mice was 31.8 Endotoxin Unit(EU)/(kg·day)under when exposed to 50%additional relative humidity from reclaimed water at 25℃ for 2 hr/***,the subchronic threshold estimate for humans under the same exposure conditions was found to be 12.2 EU/(kg·day),corresponding to endotoxin levels of 61.7 EU/mL in reclaimed *** threshold level of endotoxin was lower than that in most non-potable reclaimed *** findings of this study suggest that occupational exposure of reclaimed water can serve as a potential risk to workers.

关键词： Reclaimed water Inhalation exposure risk factor Threshold Infammation Endotoxin

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A global perspective on microbial risk factors in effluents of wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 227-235页

作者： Kejing Chen Jinsong Liang Yuhan Wang Yechen Tao Yun Lu Aijie Wang School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Guohuan Environmental Protection Technology Development Co. LTD.Shenzhen 518055China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Effective monitoring and management of microbial risk factors in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)effluents require a comprehensive investigation of these risks.A global survey on microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents could reveal important insights into their risk *** study aims to explore the abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),virulence factor genes(VFGs),the vector of ARG/VFG,and dominant pathogens in global WWTP *** collected 113 metagenomes of WWTP effluents from the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and characterized the microbial risk *** results showed that multidrug resistance was the dominant ARG type,while offensive virulence factors were the most abundant type of *** most dominant types of ARGs in the vector of plasmid and phage were both aminoglycoside resistance,which is concerning as aminoglycosides are often a last resort for treating multi-resistant *** baumannii was the most dominant pathogen,rather than Escherichia coli,and a weak negative correlation between Escherichia coli and two other dominant pathogens(Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides uniformis)suggests that using Escherichia coli as a biological indicator for all pathogens in WWTP effluents may not be *** Getah virus was the most dominant virus found in global WWTP *** study presents a comprehensive global-scale investigation of microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents,providing valuable insights into the potential risks associated with WWTP effluents and contributing to the monitoring and control of these risks.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant Microbial risk factor Effluent Pathogen Antibiotic resistance gene Virulence factor gene

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Evolution of soil DOM during thermal remediation below 100℃:concentration,spectral characteristics and complexation ability

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 31-41页

作者： Wan Huang Ziren Wan Di Zheng Lifeng Cao Guanghe Li Fang Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies Beijing 100015China

The impact of thermal remediation on soil function has drawn increasing *** far,as the most active fraction of soil organic matter,the evolution of dissolved organic matter(DOM)during the thermal remediation lacks in-depth investigation,especially for the temperatures value below 100℃.In this study,a series of soil thermal treatment experiments was conducted at 30,60,and 90℃ during a 90-d period,where soil DOM concentration increased with heating temperature and *** molecular weight,functional groups content and aromaticity of DOM all decreased during the thermal *** excitation-emission matrices(EEM)results suggested that humic acid-like substances transformed into fulvic acid-like substances(FIII/FV increased from 0.27 to 0.44)during the heating process,and five DOM components were further identified by *** change of DOM structures and components indicated the decline of DOM stability and hydrophilicity,and can potentially change the bioavailability and *** temperature also resulted in the decline of DOM complexation ability,which may be caused by the loss of binding sites due to the decrease of polar function groups,aromatic structures and hydrophilic *** study provides valuable information about the evolution of DOM during thermal remediation,which would potentially change the fate of metal ions and the effectiveness of the post-treatment technologies in the treated region.

关键词： Thermal remediation below 100℃ Heating temperature Soil DOM concentration DOM spectral characteristics Excitation-emission matrices(EEM) Complexation ability

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Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of Legionella

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 173-183页

作者： Menghao Chen Liangliang Shi Gang Liu Xiaojin Wu Yun Lu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Reclaimed water utilization provides an effective way to alleviate water ***,the residual pathogens in the recycled water like Legionella,could be spread into the air as aerosols through water-to-air transmission *** the aerosols by the people nearby increases their susceptibility to *** estimating the health risks associated with the potential exposure of airborne Legionella emitted from the urban use of reclaimed water in China,nationwide questionnaire was designed to investigate the exposure habits of Chinese population in different *** microbial risk assessment(QMRA)served as the suitable explanatory tool to estimate the *** results indicated that annual infection probability of populations exposed to Legionella for three scenarios,0.0764(95%CI:0.0032−0.6880)for road cleaning,1.0000(95%CI:0.1883−1.0000)for greenfield irrigation,0.9981(95%CI:0.0784−1.0000)for landscape fountain,were markedly higher than the threshold recommended by WHO(10^(−4) per person per year(pppy))according to the concentration distribution of Legionella in the reclaimed *** age-,educational background-,region-and gender-specific data in annual infection probability also showed different tendencies for some *** study provides some detailed information on the health risks from the water reuse in China and will be useful to promote the safe application of reclaimed water in water-deficient areas.

关键词： Legionella QMRA Reclaimed water Aerosol Water reuse

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Multi-endpoint assays reveal more severe toxicity induced by chloraminated effluent organic matter than chloraminated natural organic matter

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 310-317页

作者： Hai-Yan Wang De-Xiu Wu Ye Du Xiao-Tong Lv Qian-Yuan Wu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental SafetyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610000China

Disinfection by chloramination produces toxic byproducts and the difference in toxicity of reclaimed and drinking water treated by chloramination remains *** study investigated cytotoxic effects at the same concentrations of dissolved organic matter and showed that chloraminated effluent organic matter(EfOM)induced 1.7 times higher cytotoxicity than chloraminated natural organic matter(NOM)applied to simulate drinking *** EfOM induced more reactive nitrogen species than chloraminated NOM,and chloraminated EfOM and NOM induced similar and higher levels of reactive oxygen species than the negative control,***,intracellular macromolecule damage indicated by DNA/RNA damage marker 8–hydroxy-(deoxy)guanosine and the intracellular protein carbonyl concentration induced by chloraminated EfOM was higher and slightly more than that induced by chloraminated NOM,*** data were consistent with the effects on cell physiological *** cycle arrest mainly occurred in G2 phase by chloraminated EfOM and *** apoptotic cells,which could return to normal,increased upon exposure to high concentrations of chloraminated EfOM and ***,necrotic cells were significantly increased from 0.5%to 2.5%when the concentration increased from 20-to 60-fold chloraminated EfOM,but were not obviously changed by chloraminated *** results indicated that the comprehensive intracellular changes induced by toxic substances in chloraminated EfOM were more irreversible and induced more cell death than chloraminated NOM.

关键词： Cytotoxicity Intracellular active nitrogen/oxygen Intracellular oxidative damage Cell necrosis Reclaimed water

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A review on Bi_(2)WO_(6)-based photocatalysts synthesis, modification, and applications in environmental remediation, life medical, and clean energy

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 87-108页

作者： Wei Mao Xuewu Shen Lixun Zhang Yang Liu Zehao Liu Yuntao Guan Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Urban Water Cycle and Water Environment Safety Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Photocatalysis has emerged a promising strategy to remedy the current energy and environmental crisis due to its ability to directiy convert clean solar energy into chemical *** tungstate(Bi_(2)WO_(6))has been shown to be an excellent visible light response,a well-defined perovskite crystal structure,and an abundance of oxygen atoms(providing efficient channels for photogenerated carrier transfer)due to their suitable band gap,effective electron migration and separation,making them ideal *** has been extensively applied as photocatalyst in aspects including pollutant removal,carbon dioxide reduction,solar hydrogen production,ammonia synthesis by nitrogen photocatalytic reduction,and cancer *** this review,the fabrication and application of Bi_(2)WO_(6) in photocatalysis were comprehensively *** photocatalytic properties of BizwO-based materials were significantly enhanced by carbon modification,the construction of heterojunctions,and the atom doping to improve the photogenerated carrier migration rate,the number of surface active sites,and the photoexcitation ability of the *** addition,the potential development directions and the existing challenges to improve the photocatalytic performance of Bi_(2)WO_(6)-based materials were discussed.

关键词： Bismuth tungstate Synthesis and modification Photocatalytic application environmental remediation Clean energy Medical science

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Feature of water: A practical concept in water reuse

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Water Cycle 2025年 6卷 300-305页

作者： Chen, Xiao-Wen Xu, Yu-Qing Wang, Wen-Long Huang, Nan State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control Ministry of Ecology and Environment School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environment and Life Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

The increasing stringency of standards has highlighted challenges in high-standard wastewater treatment and water reuse. Current water quality assessment primarily relies on bulk properties like chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), which fail to capture the intricate characteristics of wastewater contaminants. The novel concept of "feature of water", a multidimensional assessment system encompassing four primary indicators: quantitative concentration, compositional characteristics, transformation potential, and toxicological effects, is applied in the study. Unlike conventional linear approaches, feature of water provides a holistic perspective on wastewater composition, examining pollutant variations across temporal and spatial dimensions. applications of the feature of water concept include the identification of refractory pollutants, evaluation of treatment processes, and the design of tailored treatment technologies. Case studies demonstrate its effectiveness in improving water treatment efficiency, reducing operational costs, and mitigating ecological risks. By transitioning from traditional linear water quality evaluation to a systems-based approach, the feature of water provides a robust methodology to meet the demands of high-standard wastewater treatment and water reuse, ensuring environmental sustainability and public health protection. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Water recycling

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Occurrence and Removal of Antibiotic Resistance in Nationwide Hospital Wastewater Deciphered by Metagenomics Approach-China,2018-2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第46期5卷 1023-1028,I0001-I0004页

作者： Jin Huang Zhongyu Wang Zihan Chen Hebin Liang Xiaoyan Li Bing Li State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen CityGuangdong ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Hospital wastewater represents a significant conduit for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),including those that are of clinical ***,the variation in antibiotic resistance on a national level,which can be influenced by regional differences,has not been thoroughly elucidated.

关键词： wastewater Wastewater thoroughly

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Quorum sensing regulation methods and their effects on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems: A review

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 47-59页

作者： Zhuqiu Sun Jinying Xi Chunping Yang Wenjie Cong Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control(SMARC) Beijing100084China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming525099China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control(Hunan University)Ministry of EducationChangsha410082China

Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in microbial aggregation control. Recently, the optimization of biological waste treatment systems by QS regulation gained an increasing attention. The effects of QS regulation on treatment performances and biofilm were frequently investigated. To understand the state of art of QS regulation, this review summarizes the methods of QS enhancement and QS inhibition in biological waste treatment systems. Typical QS enhancement methods include adding exogenous QS molecules, adding QS accelerants and cultivating QS bacteria, while typical QS inhibition methods include additions of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria, QS-degrading enzymes, QS-degrading oxidants, and QS inhibitors. The specific improvements after applying these QS regulation methods in different treatment systems are concluded. In addition, the effects of QS regulation methods on biofilm in biological waste treatment systems are reviewed in terms of biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substances production, microbial viability, and microbial community. In the end, the knowledge gaps in current researches are analyzed, and the requirements for future study are suggested.

关键词： Quorum sensing Biological waste treatment Biofilm formation

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Single-atom Ag-loaded carbon nitride photocatalysts for efficient degradation of acetaminophen:The role of Ag-atom and O_(2)

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 12-22页

作者： Yi Yuan Wen-Long Wang Zhi-Wei Wang Jin Wang Qian-Yuan Wu Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental SafetyInstitute of Environment and EcologyShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteShenzhen 518055China College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518071China

Carbon nitride has been extensively used as a visible-light photocatalyst,but it has the disadvantages of a low specific surface area,rapid electron-hole recombination,and relatively low light *** this study,single-atom Ag was successfully anchored on ultrathin carbon nitride(UTCN)via thermal polymerization,the catalyst obtained is called *** Ag hardly changed the carbon nitride's layered and porous physical *** exhibited efficient visible-light photocatalytic performances in the degradation of various recalcitrant pollutants,eliminations of 85% were achieved by visible-light irradiation for *** with Ag improved the photocatalytic performance of UTCN by narrowing the forbidden band gap from 2.49 to 2.36 e V and suppressing electron-hole pair *** addition,Ag doping facilitated O_(2) adsorption on UTCN by decreasing the adsorption energy from -0.2 to -2.22 e V and favored the formation of O_(2)^(·-).Electron spin resonance and radical-quenching experiments showed that O_(2)^(·-)was the major reactive species in the degradation of Acetaminophen(paracetamol,APAP).

关键词： Ag single atom Carbon nitride Photocatalysis Visible light Adsorption energy Reactive species

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