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arXiv 2023年

作者： Callahan, Tiffany J. Tripodi, Ignacio J. Stefanski, Adrianne L. Cappelletti, Luca Taneja, Sanya B. Wyrwa, Jordan M. Casiraghi, Elena Matentzoglu, Nicolas A. Reese, Justin Silverstein, Jonathan C. Hoyt, Charles Tapley Boyce, Richard D. Malec, Scott A. Unni, Deepak R. Joachimiak, Marcin P. Robinson, Peter N. Mungall, Christopher J. Cavalleri, Emanuele Fontana, Tommaso Valentini, Giorgio Mesiti, Marco Gillenwater, Lucas A. Santangelo, Brook Vasilevsky, Nicole A. Hoehndorf, Robert Bennett, Tellen D. Ryan, Patrick B. Hripcsak, George Kahn, Michael G. Bada, Michael Baumgartner, William A. Hunter, Lawrence E. Computational Bioscience Program University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO80045 United States Department of Biomedical Informatics Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNY10032 United States Computer Science Department Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80301 United States AnacletoLab Computer Science Department University of Milan 20122 Italy Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO80045 United States Division of Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Semanticly Ltd Athens Greece Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine PittsburghPA15206 United States Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States Division of Translational Informatics University of New Mexico School of Medicine AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Basel Switzerland Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin10117 Germany ELLIS European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems Germany Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO80045 United States Data Collaboration Center Critical Path Institute 1840 E River Rd. Suite 100 TucsonAZ85718 United States Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO80045 United States Janssen Research and Development RaritanNJ08869 United States Division of General Internal Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine A

Translational research requires data at multiple scales of biological organization. Advancements in sequencing and multi-omics technologies have increased the availability of these data, but researchers face significant integration challenges. Knowledge graphs (KGs) are used to model complex phenomena, and methods exist to construct them automatically. However, tackling complex biomedical integration problems requires flexibility in the way knowledge is modeled. Moreover, existing KG construction methods provide robust tooling at the cost of fixed or limited choices among knowledge representation models. PheKnowLator (Phenotype Knowledge Translator) is a semantic ecosystem for automating the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) construction of ontologically grounded KGs with fully customizable knowledge representation. The ecosystem includes KG construction resources (e.g., data preparation APIs), analysis tools (e.g., SPARQL endpoints and abstraction algorithms), and benchmarks (e.g., prebuilt KGs and embeddings). We evaluated the ecosystem by systematically comparing it to existing open-source KG construction methods and by analyzing its computational performance when used to construct 12 large-scale KGs. With flexible knowledge representation, PheKnowLator enables fully customizable KGs without compromising performance or usability. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Ecosystems

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Analysis of Disaster Mitigation in Carita with environmental Learning in Elementary School

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2021年第1期940卷

作者： H Rahmayanti T E B Soesilo D A P Sari I Z Ichsan E Kurniawan Titin Dasmo F M Hermawati C K S Singh D V Rogayan Jr Md M Rahman Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Jakarta Indonesia School of Environmental Science Universitas Indonesia Indonesia Elementary Teacher Education Program Universitas Mohammad Husni Thamrin Indonesia. Geography Education Program Universitas Negeri Semarang Indonesia Biology Education Program Universitas Tanjungpura Indonesia Physics Education Program Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Indonesia Department of English Language and Literature Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Malaysia College of Teacher Education President Ramon Magsaysay State University Philippines Institute of Education and Research University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh

This study analyzes the profile of Carita people in the efforts of tsunami disaster mitigation and the role of environmental learning in coping with the disaster, then analyzes the use of environmental learning. The method used is a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative method measures various community readiness levels in performing disaster mitigation, whereas the qualitative method is utilized to obtain various further information from the communities using interview technique. There were 88 randomly selected respondents participating in this research. The study results indicate a low land utilization density (below 33%). Indicators suggest a good category, namely: people evacuate when a disaster occurs (86%), rescue during a disaster (96.59%), and try to find new livelihoods (82.95%). In addition, public knowledge of disaster evacuation route is at a good level (87.50%) and there is an increase of 39.77% respondents with improved knowledge after the tsunami disaster occurred. environmental learning, in this case, plays an important role to provide information to the public relating the efforts in disaster mitigation. The conclusion is that community's disaster mitigation readiness still requires some improvement through various efforts, one of them is environmental learning with learning media in elementary school.

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Global tracking of marine megafauna space use reveals how to achieve conservation targets

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6751期388卷 1086-1097页

作者： Ana M M Sequeira Jorge P Rodríguez Sarah A Marley Hannah J Calich Mirjam van der Mheen Michelle VanCompernolle Lucy M Arrowsmith Lauren R Peel Nuno Queiroz Marisa Vedor Ivo da Costa Gonzalo Mucientes Ana Couto Nicolas E Humphries Sara Abalo-Morla Francisco J Abascal Debra L Abercrombie Katya Abrantes F Alberto Abreu-Grobois André S Afonso Pedro Afonso Heidi Ahonen Susanne Åkesson Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto Russel D Andrews Frédéric Angelier Marina Antonopoulou Javier A Arata Gonzalo Araujo Randall Arauz José Manuel Arcos Igor Arregui Haritz Arrizabalaga Marie Auger-Méthé Steffen Bach Fred Bailleul Robin W Baird George H Balazs Susan G Barco Adam Barnett Warren Baverstock Alastair M M Baylis Annalea Beard Juan Bécares Eduardo J Belda Ian Bell Ashley Bennison Scott R Benson Diego Bernal Michael L Berumen Sandra Bessudo Natalia P A Bezerra Antonin V Blaison Gabriela S Blanco Barbara A Block Mark Bolton Mark E Bond Ramón Bonfil Camrin D Braun Annette C Broderick Michael de L Brooke Annabelle M L Brooks Edward J Brooks Ignacio M Bruno Jennifer M Burns Michael E Byrne Steven E Campana Hamish A Campbell Richard A Campbell Aaron Carlisle Ruth H Carmichael Gemma Carroll Paolo Casale Filipe R Ceia Demian D Chapman Taylor K Chapple Jean-Benoit Charrassin Andre Chiaradia John Chisholm Christopher R Clarke Thomas A Clay Christophe Cleguer Elizabeth Clingham Eric E G Clua Jesse E M Cochran Rochelle Constantine Robert W Cooper Estelle Crochelet Michelle Cronin Eduardo Cuevas Kayla P DaCosta Laurent Dagorn Ryan Daly Randall W Davis P J Nico de Bruyn Carlos Delgado-Trejo Thomas Dellinger Solène Derville Stella Diamant Andrew DiMatteo Kara L Dodge Philip D Doherty Michael C Double Alistair D M Dove Thomas K Doyle Michael J Drew Lindsay L Dubbs Clinton A J Duffy Peter H Dutton Ewan W J Edwards Luke D Einoder Mark V Erdmann Eduardo Espinoza Nicole Esteban Ana Isabel Fagundes Chris Feare Steven H Ferguson Luciana C Ferreira Francesco Ferretti John Filmalter Brittany Finucci G Chris Fischer Richard J Fitzpatrick Jorge Fontes Angela Formia Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra (Australian Capital Territory) Australia. UWA Oceans Institute and the School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC) CSIC-UIB Palma de Mallorca Spain. Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA) CSIC-UIB Esporles Illes Balears Spain. C.A. Illes Balears Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) Palma Spain. Delegación Territorial en Illes Balears Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) Muelle de Poniente s/n Palma Spain. Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) Craibstone Estate Bucksburn Aberdeen UK. Oceans Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. School of Engineering and the UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Perth (Western Australia) Australia. Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Biodiversity and Conservation Science Kensington (Western Australia) Australia. Save Our Seas Foundation Geneva Switzerland. The Manta Trust Catemwood House Norwood Lane Corscombe Dorset UK. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO) InBIO Laboratório Associado Campus de Vairão Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning Campus de Vairao Vairão Portugal. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC) Vigo Pontevedra Spain. School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK. Biomathematics and statistics Scotland The kings building Edinburgh Scotland. Marine Biological Association (MBA) The Laboratory Citadel Hill Plymouth UK. Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras Universitat Politècnica de València Gandia València Spain. Instituto Español de O

The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets ambitious goals but no clear pathway for how zero loss of important biodiversity areas and halting human-induced extinction of threatened species will be achieved. We assembled a multi-taxa tracking dataset (11 million geopositions from 15,845 tracked individuals across 121 species) to provide a global assessment of space use of highly mobile marine megafauna, showing that 63% of the area that they cover is used 80% of the time as important migratory corridors or residence areas. The GBF 30% threshold (Target 3) will be insufficient for marine megafauna's effective conservation, leaving important areas exposed to major anthropogenic threats. Coupling area protection with mitigation strategies (e.g., fishing regulation, wildlife-traffic separation) will be essential to reach international goals and conserve biodiversity.

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Fibrillation characteristics of KOCC and its effect on the physical properties of linerboard

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Palpu Chongi Gisul/Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 2018年第5期50卷 93-99页

作者： Han, Jun Kyu Hwang, Im Jeong Kim, Jin Mo Choi, Jae Jun Lee, Yong Kyu Won, Jong Myoung Program of Paper Science and Engineering Division of Forest Material Science and Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Sciences Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of

Fibrillation was attempted to determine the suitability of KOCC for the production of nanocellulose in order to utilize it as a high value added material, and the possibility of using fibrillated KOCC obtained therefrom as a papermaking additive was evaluated. A grinder was used for the fibrillation of KOCC. In order to investigate the fibrillation characteristics of KOCC, the changes of SEM images, Brookfield viscosity and degree of polymerization were measured. Also, the handsheets were prepared and the changes of major physical properties were investigated in order to evaluate the performance and applicability of fibrillated KOCC as an additive for linerboard manufacture. The fibrillation of KOCC was significantly delayed compared to the bleached chemical pulp, and the complete fibrillation was not achieved, probably due to the residual lignin content (kappa no. 19.36). It is difficult to produce nanocellulose without proper pretreatment. The average fiber length decreased to the level of fines at 20 times of grinding because KOCC was severely aged. As the fibrillation of KOCC proceeded, the degree of Brookfield viscosity continued to increase and the degree of polymerization showed a gradual decrease. Bulk, tear index, and burst index of paper were not significantly affected by the addition of fibrillated KOCC. However, it was found that the tensile index and stiffness could be improved by the combination of retention aid and fibrillated KOCC. © 2018 Korean Technical Assoc. of the Pulp and Paper Industry. All rights reserved.

关键词： Additives

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Improvement of paper properties using white ledger CNF

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Palpu Chongi Gisul/Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 2018年第4期50卷 71-76页

作者： Hwang, Im-Jeong Kim, Jin-Mo Lee, Yong-Kyu Won, Jong Myoung Program of Paper Science and Engineering Division of Forest Material Science and Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Sciences Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of

The effects of white ledger CNF addition on the drainage characteristics and paper properties were investigated in order to evaluate the possibility of white ledger CNF as a papermaking additive for improving paper properties. The white ledger CNF addition showed a tendency to delay the dewatering on the paper machine wire and did not show any difference from the HwBKP CNF. As a result of FAP (Final Air Permeability) measurement to predict the dewatering characteristic at the press part, the FAP value tended to be slightly increased by the addition of CNF, but the difference was not so large enough that the dewatering at press part would not be significantly deteriorated. The bulk was slightly decreased as white ledger CNF was added, but there was no difference according to the kind of raw materials used for CNF production. The air resistance was increased with the increase of white ledger CNF addition. The opacity of handsheet did not show a significant change even though white ledger CNF was added up to 2%. Tensile index, tear index and Taber stiffness of handsheet were all improved by white ledger CNF addition. Especially, tensile index was improved significantly by the addition of white ledger CNF addition. It was also confirmed that alkaline pretreatment of white ledger before grinding is not necessary when it is used as a papermaking additive. © 2015 Korean Technical Assoc. of the Pulp and Paper Industry. All rights reserved.

关键词： Additives

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Influence of KOCC swelling by soaking after beating on pulp and paper properties

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Palpu Chongi Gisul/Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 2018年第4期50卷 110-115页

作者： Kim, Jin Mo Hwang, Im Jeong Han, Jun Kyu Lee, Yong Kyu Won, Jong Myoung Program of Paper Science and Engineering Division of Forest Material Science and Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Sciences Kangwon National University Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of

KOCC is used as a very important raw material in industrial paper manufacturing in Korea. However, as KOCC is repeatedly used as a raw material, the aging and hornification of the pulp becomes more severe, making it difficult to produce industrial paper of excellent strength. In order to solve these problems, various methods such as addition of virgin pulp, enzyme treatment, mechanical treatment and polymer additive have been applied. This study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of swelling treatment by soaking after beating in order to improve the quality of KOCC by environmentally friendly method. As a result of this study, the WRV of KOCC and UKP increased with increasing soaking time, while the freeness tended to decrease. The air permeability of KOCC handsheet showed a tendency to decrease by swelling due to soaking, but the opacity and bulk did not show any significant changes. The tensile index was slightly improved by soaking, but no significant changes were observed in the tear index and Taber stiffness. Considering the above results, although swelling due to soaking helps somewhat to improve some physical properties, it is difficult to expect the significant improvement of physical properties of paper only by a single swelling treatment. © 2015 Korean Technical Assoc. of the Pulp and Paper Industry. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air permeability

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Real-Time Quantum Dynamics of Long-Range Electronic Excitation Transfer in Plasmonic Nanoantennas (vol 13, pg 3442, 2017)

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION 2017年第12期13卷 6433-6433页

作者： Ilawe, Niranjan V. Oviedo, M. Belen Wong, Bryan M. Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program University of California Riverside Riverside California 92521 United States

Using large-scale, real-time, quantum dynamics calculations, we present a detailed analysis of electronic excitation transfer (EET) mechanisms in a multiparticle plasmonic nanoantenna system. Specifically, we utilize real-time, time-dependent, density functional tight binding (RT-TDDFTB) to provide a quantum-mechanical description (at an electronic/atomistic level of detail) for characterizing and analyzing these systems, without recourse to classical approximations. We also demonstratehighlylong-range electronic couplings in these complex systems and find that the range of these couplings is more than twice the conventional cutoff limit considered by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based approaches. Furthermore, we attribute these unusually long-ranged electronic couplings to the coherent oscillations of conduction electrons in plasmonic nanoparticles. This long-range nature of plasmonic interactions has important ramifications for EET; in particular, we show that the commonly used “nearest-neighbor” FRET model is inadequate for accurately characterizing EET even in simple plasmonic antenna systems. These findings provide a real-time, quantum-mechanical perspective for understanding EET mechanisms and provide guidance in enhancing plasmonic properties in artificial light-harvesting systems.

关键词： Nanodevices Plasmonics Coupling reactions Polarity Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

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Typology of the ecological impacts of biological invasions

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Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2025年第6期40卷 563-574页

作者： Carneiro, Laís Leroy, Boris Capinha, César Bradshaw, Corey J.A. Bertolino, Sandro Catford, Jane A. Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia Bojko, Jamie Klippel, Gabriel Kumschick, Sabrina Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel Tonkin, Jonathan D. Fath, Brian D. South, Josie Manfrini, Eléna Dallas, Tad Courchamp, Franck Université Paris-Saclay CNRS AgroParisTech Ecologie Société Evolution Gif-sur-Yvette 91190 France Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des Écosystèmes Aquatiques-BOREA Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN) SU CNRS IRD UA Paris F-75005 France Centro de Estudos Geográficos Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território Universidade de Lisboa Rua Branca Edmée Marques Lisboa Portugal Laboratório Associado Terra Lisboa Portugal Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu College of Science and Engineering Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 SA Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Indigenous and Environmental Histories and Futures Cairns QLD Australia Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Via Accademia Albertina 13 Torino 10123 Italy Department of Geography King's College London 40 Aldwych WC2B 4BG London United Kingdom Fenner School of Environment & Society The Australian National University Canberra 2600 Australian Capital Territory Australia Invasive Species Ecology Lab Institute of Marine Sciences & Limnology Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico City Mexico National Horizons Centre Teesside University Darlington DL1 1HG United Kingdom Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Cape Town South Africa School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5DL United Kingdom School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Te Pūnaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Department of Biological Sciences Towson University Towson MD United States Advancing Systems Analysis Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria Water@Leeds School of Biology Faculty o

Biological invasions alter ecosystems by disrupting ecological processes that can degrade biodiversity, harm human health, and cause massive economic burdens. Existing frameworks to classify the ecological impacts either miss many types of impact or conflate mechanisms (causes) with the impacts themselves (consequences). We propose a comprehensive typology of 19 types of ecological impact across six levels of ecological organisation. This allows more accurate diagnosis of the cause of impact and can help triage management options to tackle each impact–mechanism combination. We integrated the typology with broad ecological concepts such as energy, mass, and information flow and storage. By highlighting cascading effects across multiple levels, this typology provides a clearer framework for documenting, and communicating invasion impacts, thereby improving management and research. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： ecological impact classification environmental effect impact type invasive alien species non-native species

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Optimizing mangrove afforestation site selection in gulf cooperation council nations using remote sensing and machine learning

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 988卷 179805页

作者： Dutta Roy, Abhilash Mohan, Midhun Hendy, Ian AlMealla, Reem Watt, Michael S. Burt, John A. Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo Almansoori, Amna Alzahlawi, Nessrine Abdullah, Meshal Ali, Tarig Nithyanandan, Manickam Aboobacker, Valliyil Mohammed de-Miguel, Sergio Ecoresolve San FranciscoCA United States Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering School of Agrifood and Forestry Engineering and Veterinary Medicine University of Lleida Lleida Spain Department of Geography University of California - Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States PO Box 26666 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Institute of Marine Sciences University of Portsmouth Portsmouth United Kingdom Nuwat for Environmental Research & Education Al Janabiyah Bahrain Scion 10 Kyle St Christchurch8011 New Zealand New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Fujairah Research Center Fujairah United Arab Emirates Environmental Agency Abu Dhabi PO Box 45553 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Geography College of Arts and Social Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Environment and Life Sciences Research Center Coastal and Marine Resources Program Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research P.O. Box.1638 Kuwait Environmental Science Center Qatar University Doha Qatar Solsona Spain

Mangrove forests are vulnerable coastal ecosystems that provide multiple ecosystem services and act as blue carbon sinks. Mangroves in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries of the Arabian peninsula (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE) have faced pressure from numerous anthropogenic factors including population growth, dredging and reclamation in lagoonal habitats, pollution and rapid urban development. Given the inconsistent outcomes of past mangrove ARR (Afforestation-Reforestation-Revegetation) efforts, our research aimed to identify high-potential ARR sites in the GCC using remote sensing. We identified eight factors related to mangrove ARR outcomes through correlation analyses: elevation, soil pH, median precipitation, median and minimum land surface temperature (LST), soil salinity, soil texture and distance from urban areas. To predict mangrove suitability, we compared the Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) classification algorithms. The RF model performed best with an F1-score of 0.96, ROC-AUC of 0.99 and PR-AUC of 0.75. Variable importance analysis revealed that median LST, soil texture and median precipitation were the most influential variables. Favorable conditions for mangrove establishment included median temperatures of 32–37 °C, minimum temperatures around 27 °C, clayey soils, and monthly rainfall above 10 mm. Other suitable characteristics included lower elevation, greater distance from urban areas, slightly acidic to neutral pH, and moderate-to-high soil salinity. Our findings show that there is a large opportunity for mangrove afforestation in the GCC and also proposes a framework to identify optimal sites for mangrove growth, which can improve ARR success and support biodiversity and blue carbon goals in the Arabian peninsula. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Support vector machines

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Reactive particle-tracking solutions to a benchmark problem on heavy metal cycling in lake sediments

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Schmidt, Michael J. Pankavich, Stephen D. Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis Engdah, Nicholas B. Bolster, Diogo Benson, David A. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States

Geochemical systems are known to exhibit highly variable spatiotemporal behavior. This may be observed both in non-smooth concentration curves in space for a single sampling time and also in variability between samples taken from the same location at different times. However, most models that are designed to simulate these systems provide only single-solution smooth curves and fail to capture the noise and variability seen in the data. We apply a recently developed reactive particle-tracking method to a system that displays highly-complex geochemical behavior. When the method is made to most closely resemble a corresponding Eulerian method, in its unperturbed form, we see near-exact match between solutions of the two models. More importantly, we consider two approaches for perturbing the model and find that the spatially-perturbed condition is able to capture a greater degree of the variability present in the data. This method of perturbation is a task to which particle methods are uniquely suited and Eulerian models are not well-suited. Additionally, because of the nature of the algorithm, noisy spatial gradients can be highly resolved by a large number of mobile particles, and this incurs negligible computational cost, as compared to expensive chemistry calculations. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heavy metals

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