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APPLICABILITY OF CELLULAR EQUILIBRIUM AND MONOD THEORY TO PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH-KINETICS

ECOLOGICAL MODELLING 1980年第JAN期8卷 201-218页

作者： DITORO, DM Environmental Engineering and Science program Manhattan College Bronx New York NY 10471 U.S.A.

The two classes of kinetics which are currently applied to phytoplankton growth are compared: Monod theory for which growth rate depends on the external nutrient concentrations; and the formulations in which growth rate depends on the internal cellular nutrient concentration. For the latter kinetics in which nutrient uptake is a function only of external concentrations, it is shown that unrealistically high variations in cellular nutrient concentrations are predicted. The more realistic case, for which both internal and external concentrations control the uptake, is compared to the Monod-theory expression for growth and, at steady state with an appropriate definition of the half-saturation constant, the results are essentially equivalent. That is, the relationships of growth rate to external nutrient concentration are essentially indistinguishable. However, the variation in cellular composition is still substantial in contrast with the assumption of constant stoichiometry inherent in Monod theory and this is the important difference between the formulations. The dynamic equations are investigated using a perturbation analysis which suggests that the cells rapidly achieve equilibrium with respect to their internal and the external nutrient concentrations. This result suggests that it would not be unreasonable to assume that the cells are in internal-external nutrient equilibrium even during non-steady state transitions. The cellular equilibrium equations are numerically compared to the fully-dynamic equations. The conclusion is that the approximation used is quite reasonable and generally simplifies the computational framework for any practical application of phytoplankton kinetics that depend on internal nutrient concentrations, by eliminating a computationally unpleasant fast reaction but still retaining the important feature of varying cellular stoichiometry in response to external nutrient fluctuations.

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By-products of Baru and Monguba: A review of their potential

Food and Humanity

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Food and Humanity 2025年 4卷

作者： Miranda, Bruna Melo Tovar, Beatriz Carolina Alvez Otero, Deborah Murowaniecki da Silva, Flávio Alves Scalize, Paulo Sergio de Oliveira, Tatianne Ferreira Department of Food Science Nutrition School Federal University of Bahia Canela Campus Bahia Salvador Brazil Department of Food Engineering Agronomy School Federal University of Goiás Goiás Goiânia Brazil Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Sciences Central University of Venezuela Caracas Venezuela Graduate Program in Food Science Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Bahia Campus Ondina Bahia Salvador Brazil Graduate Program in Food Nutrition and Health Nutrition School Federal University of Bahia Campus Canela Bahia Salvador Brazil School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Goiás Goiás Goiânia Brazil

During food processing, large amounts of waste are generated, which compromise the environment and society. The valorization of agri-food by-products has been investigated as a solution to obtain clean energy and value-added materials, improving food security and production profitability. This research focuses on the by-products of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and monguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl.), discussing their applications and biotechnological perspectives. A critical review of the parameters related to the valorization of these by-products was conducted, using publications from 2013 to 2023, prioritizing studies that presented new knowledge. An increase in publications on the topic was observed starting in 2020, with Brazil leading, followed by India, Portugal, and Singapore. Although still underexplored, eight areas of knowledge were identified, with emphasis on food science and chemistry. Monguba lacks technological exploitation and economic value, while baru, despite being more documented, remains underutilized. Both fruits have fractions (epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp) that are often considered waste but are of scientific interest. The mesocarp of baru is rich in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. The by-products of baru and monguba can be used in the extraction of nutraceutical compounds, in the transformation into biomaterials for water impurity removal, in renewable energy production, in food enrichment, and as ingredients in animal feed, improving the quality of eggs and meat. The use of these by-products offers economic and environmental advantages, reducing contamination caused by the improper disposal of agro-industrial waste. It is essential to promote their commercial exploitation and potential applications. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Bioactive compounds Biomaterials By-products application Functional foods Residues recovery Sustainable agriculture

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THE EXTENT OF REVERSIBILITY OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL ADSORPTION

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WATER RESEARCH 1983年第8期17卷 851-859页

作者： HORZEMPA, LM DITORO, DM Environmental Engineering and Science Program. Manhattan College. Bronx NY 10471 U.S.A.

The extent of reversibility of PCB [polychlorinated biphenyl] bonding to sediments was characterized in studies on the partitioning behavior of hexachlorobiphenyl isomer. Linear nonsingular isotherms were observed for the adsorption and desorption of 2,4,5,2'',4,'',5''-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) to 1100 ppm sediment suspensions. Partition coefficients, (.pi.l/kg), for desorption from lake sediments (Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Michigan) [USA] were substantially greater (.pi.d .apprx. 20,000-35,000) than those obtained for adsorption (.pi.a .apprx. 9000-14,000). HCBP was more weakly adsorbed to montmorillonite (.pi.a .apprx. 3000, .pi.d .apprx. 9000) and kaolinite (.pi.a .apprx. 1000, .pi.d .apprx. 3000) clay samples than to the natural sediment samples. Desorption results (.pi.d) for Saginaw Bay sediments were similar to .pi. values (15,000-35,000) calculated from field measurements of aqueous and particulate PCB concentrations. For Saginaw Bay sediments and clay minerals partitioning was correlated to sediment surface area and sediment organic content. A regression analysis using both variables explained .apprx. 90% of the observed variations. HCBP adsorption at ***. C (.pi.a .apprx. 14,000) was significantly greater than at ***. C (.pi.a .apprx. 6500) resulting in a calculated enthalpy of adsorption of +3.3 kcal/mol. Nonsingular isotherm behavior was not readily attributable to microbiological, kinetic or experimental effects. Evidence from consecutive desorption studies suggested that while HCBP adsorption may have been ultimately reversible, release from sediments probably involved desorption along 2 distinct isotherms. These results were interpreted in terms of possible similarities between the sorption properties observed in distilled water systems and PCB bonding processes in natural water systems.

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Evaluating the Efficacy of ZnO and MgO Nanoparticles on Post-harvested Rice to Enhance Food Security Against Agroterrorism

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Rice science 2025年

作者： Daisy Wilson Valeria Gonzalez Hamidreza Sharifan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at El Paso Texas 79968 USA Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso Texas 79968 USA Forensic Science Program University of Texas at El Paso Texas 79968 USA

Assessing the resilience of rice varieties against bioterrorism agents is critical to safeguarding food security. This study evaluates the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and recognized as safe metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) as protective strategies for susceptibility in imported rice varieties to a biothreat model, Escherichia coli ( E . coli ). Two types of rice (brown and white) and four origins (USA, Mexico, India, and Thailand) were treated with 60 mg/L NPs and their ionic form ( n = 3) and sterilized before inoculation. The treatments were tested for nutritional profiles, heavy metal content, and pathogen susceptibility. Rice organic compositions were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and metals were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. The pathogenic response was monitored using Ultraviolet mass spectrophotometry. The findings revealed that nutrient-rich varieties like Mexican brown rice display reduced susceptibility to E. coli compared with Indian white rice, which showed the highest susceptibility. NP fortification demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, particularly with ZnO and MgO NPs, which were more effective than their ionic counterparts in inhibiting bacterial growth. Results showed that ZnO and MgO nanoparticle treatments reduced E. coli growth by 72% and 68%, respectively, compared to untreated controls. Mexico brown rice treated with MgO NPs exhibited the lowest OD600 (0.01), indicating significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial *** research underscores the potential of nano-fortification not only to improve pathogen resilience in rice but also to maintain its nutritional integrity. This study provides a foundational framework for enhancing food safety against bioterrorism agents and supports the development of resilient agricultural practices.

关键词： rice ZnO MgO post-harvest food safety

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IMPROVING LINEAR RELATIONS TO OBTAIN KINETIC PARAMETERS

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environmental science & TECHNOLOGY 1972年第13期6卷 1114-&页

作者： DITORO, DM Environmental Engineering & Science Program Manhattan College Bronx N.Y. 10471 United States

An iterative method is presented which corrects the truncation error inherent in the linearized approximations commonly used in obtaining reaction kinetic parameters. This correction extends the applicability of these...

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Mechanisms of ice accumulation in a river bend-an experimental study

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第4期27卷 521-537页

作者： Jun WANG Jue-yi SUI Hong-ya ZHANG Pang-pang CHEN Faye HIRSHFIELD School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of Technology Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George Anhui Institute of Architectural and Industry Environmental Science Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George

In this study,under conditions of different flow and ice discharge,extensive experiments have been carried out in a 180°-bend flume and an S-shaped bend *** phenomenon and mechanisms of ice accumulation in the bend channel have been *** accumulation along the convex bank was normally thicker than that along the concave *** maximum thickness of ice accumulation in the downstream bend channel occurred close to the convex *** difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of ice accumulation was *** entire ice accumulation became unstable if flow Froude number was *** the flow Froude Number is high,the entire ice accumulation becomes *** Froude Number between 0.035 and 0.060,the bottom surface of ice accumulation became waved in *** changes in Froude number and ice discharge rate can change a channel from a state of no ice accumulation to uniform accumulation over the channel *** higher the ice discharge,the more uniform the ice *** experimental results have been compared with field observations of ice jams at the Hequ Reach of the Yellow River.

关键词： 180°bend flume Frazil ice Ice jam or ice accumulation S-shape bend channel Thickness profile

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ON THE EVAPORATION OF AMMONIUM-NITRATE AEROSOL

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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 1983年第12期17卷 2489-2495页

作者： LARSON, TV TAYLOR, GS Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil Engineering FC-05 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

Gaseous NH 3 and HNO 3 were continuously and rapidly removed from an aerosol containing small, aqueous solution droplets of NH 4 NO 3 (MMD = 0.4 μm), resulting in evaporation of the NH 4 NO 3 from the droplets. The rate of evaporation was measured by following changes in the size distribution of the aerosol with time. The measured rates agree well with those predicted from existing theories of gaseous diffusion and concentrated solution chemistry. The resulting ‘evaporation’ coefficient for both NH 3 and HNO 3 was unity, implying that resistance to transport of molecules across the vapor-liquid interface is small. The observed rates imply negligible sampling errors from evaporation of NH 4 NO 3 in gas denuder tubes used in atmospheric measurements of HNO 3 and particulate nitrate compounds.

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INSITU, RAPID RESPONSE MEASUREMENT OF H2SO4/(NH4)2SO4 AEROSOLS IN URBAN HOUSTON - A COMPARISON WITH RURAL VIRGINIA

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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 1983年第9期17卷 1723-1731页

作者： WAGGONER, AP WEISS, RE LARSON, TV Department of Civil Engineering FC-05 Environmental Engineering and Science Program University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.

We report measurements taken in Houston, Texas of the chemical composition and degree of hydration of haze particles and compare these results with previously reported measurements taken in rural Virginia. Our in-situ, real time measurements are based on detecting changes in particle light scattering extinction with changes in relative humidity and air temperature. With these methods we can determine fine particle mass and sulfate mass concentrations, and sulfate to ammonium ion molar ratio. In Houston, fine particle sulfate averaged 42 % of fine particle mass and the composition in terms of ammonium to sulfate molar ratio ranged from 0.5 to 2 with strong diurnal variation. The particles were most acid during the period 1500 to 2000 and neutral during 0200 to 0900. About 1 3 of the time the particles were droplets supersaturated in terms of salt content. In Virginia, the particles were on average more acidic and contained more water than those in Houston, but the particles were never observed to be supersaturated solution droplets. The difference in the hygroscopic behavior of the particles at the two sites is consistent with differences in both particle chemistry and ambient relative humidity.

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THE UPTAKE, TRANSLOCATION AND RELEASE OF PHOSPHORUS BY ELODEA-DENSA

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HYDROBIOLOGIA 1984年第1期111卷 43-48页

作者： GABRIELSON, JO PERKINS, MA WELCH, EB Department of Civil Engineering FX-10 Environmental Engineering and Science Program University of Washington 98195 Seattle WA U.S.A.

Short-term (16 h) laboratory studies of 32P uptake by E. densa rooted in sediment demonstrated both foliar and root uptake, and that translocation occurred acropetally and basipetally. Root absorption is projected to provide 83-85% of total P uptake during 12-16 h photoperiod days. Measured foliar uptake and excretion rates suggest that there would be no net leakage of P into the water by undamaged actively-growing E. densa. Foliar uptake decreased and root uptake increased in the dark relative to rates under light.

关键词： phosphorus cycling macrophytes absorption sediment phosphorus

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Life cycle analysis of palm kernel shell gasification for supplying heat to an asphalt mixing plant

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第1期2卷 55-63页

作者： Sunu Herwi Pranolo Prabang Setyono Muhammad Akvis Fauzi Study Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Sebelas MaretSurakartaIndonesia Magister Study Program of Environmental Science PostgraduateUniversitas Sebelas MaretSurakartaIndonesia

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia states that the thermal energy for hot-mixed asphalt production shall be supplied by the direct combustion of fossil fuels in the form of diesel oil,natural gas,or fuel gas from coal gasification which may generate GHG *** are able to substitute the fossil fuels through gasification *** converts the biomass using limited air into gaseous fuel containing mainly CO and H_(2) that are subsequently combusted to produce heat,carbon dioxide,and *** is obvious that the CO_(2) is then absorbed by the plants for photosynthesis,main-taining a balanced closed *** study examines the level of global warming potential of this system for supplying heat based on the openLCA v1.9 *** analysis used a gate-to-gate approach to evaluate scenarios of shell gasification to produce 1 metric tonne of hot-mixed *** scope covers raw material supply and transportation,palm kernel shell gasification,and *** evaluation concludes that gasification could potentially reduce CO_(2) *** impact analysis and interpretation of the results using the openLCA database of Traci 2.1 recommend that greater CO_(2) emis-sion reduction is possible using palm kernel shell gasification,not only for supplying heat but also for electricity generation to operate all electrical equipments.

关键词： Global warming Gasification Palm kernel shell Life cycle analysis Hot-mixed asphalt

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