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Climate-smart agriculture global research agenda: Scientific basis for action

Agriculture and Food Security 2014年第1期3卷 1-39页

作者： Steenwerth, Kerri L Hodson, Amanda K Bloom, Arnold J Carter, Michael R Cattaneo, Andrea Chartres, Colin J Hatfield, Jerry L Henry, Kevin Hopmans, Jan W Horwath, William R Jenkins, Bryan M Kebreab, Ermias Leemans, Rik Lipper, Leslie Lubell, Mark N Msangi, Siwa Prabhu, Ravi Reynolds, Matthew P Sandoval Solis, Samuel Sischo, William M Springborn, Michael Tittonell, Pablo Wheeler, Stephen M Vermeulen, Sonja J Wollenberg, Eva K Jarvis, Lovell S Jackson, Louise E Agricultural Research Service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit C/o Department of Viticulture and Enology United States Department of Agriculture (ARS/USDA) RMI North Rm. 1151 595 Hilgard Lane Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Land Air and Water Resources One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Plant Sciences One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States Climate Smart Agriculture Project Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome 00100 Italy EWater University of Canberra Innovation Centre University Drive South Building 22 Bruce 2617 ACT Australia National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment ARS/USDA Ames IA United States Where the Rain Falls CARE France 71 rue Archereau Paris 75019 France Colorado State University School of Global Environmental Sustainability 108 Johnson Hall Fort Collins 80523 CO United States University of California at Davis Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States University of California at Davis Department of Animal Science One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States Wageningen University Environmental Sciences P.O. Box 47 Wageningen 6700AA Netherlands Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. Agricultural and Development Economic Analysis Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome 00100 Italy Center for Environmental Policy and Behavior University of California at Davis Department of Environmental Science and Policy One Shields Avenue Davis 95616 CA United States International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Environment and Production Technology Division 2033 K St. NW Washington 20006-1002 DC United States World Agroforestry Center (IC

Background: Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer opportunities for agricultural expansion on additional lands. CSA focuses on contributing to economic development, poverty reduction and food security;maintaining and enhancing the productivity and resilience of natural and agricultural ecosystem functions, thus building natural capital;and reducing trade-offs involved in meeting these goals. Current gaps in knowledge, work within CSA, and agendas for interdisciplinary research and science-based actions identified at the 2013 Global science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis, CA, USA) are described here within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects. The first two themes comprise crop physiology and genetics, mitigation and adaptation for livestock and agriculture, barriers to adoption of CSA practices, climate risk management and energy and biofuels (theme 1);and modelling adaptation and uncertainty, achieving multifunctionality, food and fishery systems, forest biodiversity and ecosystem services, rural migration from climate change and metrics (theme 2). Theme 3 comprises designing research that bridges disciplines, integrating stakeholder input to directly link science, action and governance. Outcomes: In addition to interdisciplinary research among these themes, imperatives include developing (1) models that include adaptation and transformation at either the farm or landscape level;(2) capacity approaches to examine multifunctional solutions for agronomic, ecological and socioeconomic challenges;(3) scenarios that are validated by direct evidence and metrics to support behaviours that foster resilience and natural capital;(4) reductions in the risk that can present formidable barriers for farmers during adoption of new technology and practices;and (5) an understan

关键词： Ecosystem Service Normalize Difference Vegetation Index Food Security Conservation Agriculture Index Insurance

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Carbon fiber based custom orthoses for augmenting net ankle moment in gait

Carbon fiber based custom orthoses for augmenting net ankle ...

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SAMPE 2013 Conference and Exhibition: Education and Green Sky - Materials Technology for a Better World

作者： Khattra, Narinder S. Tierney, John J. Yarlagadda, Shridhar Shevchenko, Nicholas Gillespie Jr., John W. Schrank, Elisa S. Stanhope, Steven J. Center for Composite Materials University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 United States Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 United States Biomechanics and Movement Science Interdisciplinary Program University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781934551158

Passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthoses (PD-AFOs) are a common form of assistive braces prescribed to improve gait of patients having impaired ankle joint function. The PD-AFO structural bending response is used to compensate for a patient's reduced ankle moment. This work focuses on the design and analysis of a carbon fiber based composite PD-AFO that provides a thin, lighter weight alternative to the more commonly used plastic based PD-AFOs. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of designing composite PD-AFOs having desired bending stiffness. A custom, 3D surface model of the brace is used to create the overall geometry. The composite lay-up and associated stiffness of the composite PD-AFO is determined numerically, as a function of ankle angle for the foot-flat phase of the gait cycle. It is shown that the brace can be designed to augment the lost natural ankle stiffness of a patient to match that of a healthy person. The results indicate that the geometry of a PD-AFO, composite lay-up and the material properties are key factors in achieving the desired stiffness characteristics. Copyright 2013 by Aurora Flight sciences.

关键词： Carbon fibers

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An Interval-parameter Fuzzy Robust Nonlinear programming Model for Water Quality Management

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第1期5卷 12-16页

作者： Min Liu Guoxin Nie Ming Hu Renfei Liao Yangshuo Shen College of Economic and Management North China Electric Power University Beijing China College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China Environmental Systems Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Canada MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization North China Electric Power University Beijing China

Planning for water quality management is important for facilitating sustainable socio-economic development;however, the planning is also complicated by a variety of uncertainties and nonlinearities. In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy robust nonlinear programming (IFRNP) model was developed for water quality management to deal with such difficulties. The developed model incorporated interval nonlinear programming (INP) and fuzzy robust programming (FRP) methods within a general optimization framework. The developed IFRNP model not only could explicitly deal with uncertainties represented as discrete interval numbers and fuzzy membership functions, but also was able to deal with nonlinearities in the objective function.

关键词： Water Quality Management Interval programming Fuzzy Robust programming Nonlinear programming Uncertainty

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X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies for the determination of adsorption binding modes of selenium oxoanions onto iron and manganese based nanomaterials

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2013年第1期1480卷 13-24页

作者： Gonzalez, Christina M. Parsons, Jason G. Hernandez, Jeffrey Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L. Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso United States Department of Chemistry The University of Texas-Pan American Edinburg United States Environmental Science and Engineering PhD program The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso United States

Increasing concentrations of selenium oxoanions in the environment are placing many animals at risk for reproduction failure and deformities. The understanding of binding mechanisms of selenium oxoanions to iron and manganese based oxide minerals could lead to enhanced understanding of selenium mobility in the environment. In this study, the binding mechanisms of selenium oxoanions, selenite and selenate, to non microwave-assisted and microwave-assisted synthetic Fe3O4, Mn3O4, and MnFe2O4 nanomaterials were investigated through the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy studies revealed the oxidation state of selenite and selenate remains the same after binding occurs to all nanomaterials in pH 2, 4, or 6 environments. The binding modes of selenite and selenate were determined to be bidentate binuclear through use of Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and were independent of nanomaterials, synthetic technique, and pH.

关键词： Se nanostructure adsorption

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Mechanisms of ice accumulation in a river bend-an experimental study

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第4期27卷 521-537页

作者： Jun WANG Jue-yi SUI Hong-ya ZHANG Pang-pang CHEN Faye HIRSHFIELD School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of Technology Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George Anhui Institute of Architectural and Industry Environmental Science Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George

In this study,under conditions of different flow and ice discharge,extensive experiments have been carried out in a 180°-bend flume and an S-shaped bend *** phenomenon and mechanisms of ice accumulation in the bend channel have been *** accumulation along the convex bank was normally thicker than that along the concave *** maximum thickness of ice accumulation in the downstream bend channel occurred close to the convex *** difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of ice accumulation was *** entire ice accumulation became unstable if flow Froude number was *** the flow Froude Number is high,the entire ice accumulation becomes *** Froude Number between 0.035 and 0.060,the bottom surface of ice accumulation became waved in *** changes in Froude number and ice discharge rate can change a channel from a state of no ice accumulation to uniform accumulation over the channel *** higher the ice discharge,the more uniform the ice *** experimental results have been compared with field observations of ice jams at the Hequ Reach of the Yellow River.

关键词： 180°bend flume Frazil ice Ice jam or ice accumulation S-shape bend channel Thickness profile

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Absorber of paper waste and rice husk to reduce noice in car cabin of electrical vehicle

Absorber of paper waste and rice husk to reduce noice in car...

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Joint International Conference on Rural Information & Communication Technology and Electric-Vehicle Technology (rICT & ICeV-T)

作者： R. Hari Setyanto Kuncoro Diharjo Prabang Setyono I Made Miasa Student in Doctorate Degree Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Dept of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Dept. Environmental Science Postgraduate Program Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Surakarta Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the potential of office paper waste and rice husk as acoustic cell material as an absorbent noise. The acoustic cell material combines waste paper and rice husk are given a binder of PVA (polyvinyl acetate). Studies conducted with specimens of making destroy paper then mixed with rice husk. Previous chemically treated rice husks with alkali method governed by variations immersion 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours, the purpose of this treatment is to remove lignin and determine the effect on noise absorption. Variations in the composition of office paper (OP) : rice husk (RH) are 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, while the variation is the addition of PVA binder 6, 8, and 10% of the total weight of the OP + RH. Variations compaction is 3:4, 4:4, and 5:4, and the specimen thickness variation is 1, 1.5, 2 cm. 2 microphone impedance test is based on ASTM E1050 used for noise absorption test specimens. Impedance test showed that the optimal noise absorption occurs in specimens composition; OP:RH (80:20), PVA 6 %, rice husk without alkali treatment (0 hours), 3:4 compaction, and specimen thickness 2 cm. The noise absorption coefficient (α) is optimal from 0.3 to 0.4.

关键词： Noise Absorption Acoustics Compaction Materials Educational institutions Impedance

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Chapter green nanotechnology: Development of nanomaterials for environmental and energy applications

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ACS Symposium Series 2013年 1124卷 201-229页

作者： Han, Changseok Andersen, Joel Pillai, Suresh C. Fagan, Rachel Falaras, Polycarpos Byrne, J. Anthony Dunlop, Patrick S.M. Choi, Hyeok Jiang, Wenjun O'Shea, Kevin Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Environmental Engineering and Science Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0012 United States FOCAS Institute Dublin Institute of Technology Kevin St. Dublin 8 Ireland Division of Physical Chemistry Institute of Advanced Materials Physicochemical Processes Nanotechnology and Microsystems National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos 15310 Aghia Parakevi Attikis Athens Greece Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre School of Engineering University of Ulster Northern-Ireland BT37 0QB United Kingdom Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019-0308 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University University Park Miami FL 33199 United States Nireas-International Water Research Centre University of Cyprus 20537 Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9780841227842

This book chapter discusses the syntheses of various nanomaterials, for green nanotechnology applications in detail. Special attention is given to the development of emerging areas, such as environmental as well as energy materials. Various approaches for preparing nanostructured photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and metal sulfides, different conventional methods and novel methods, including sol-gel methods, hydrothermal methods, microwave-assisted methods and sonochemical methods are introduced. The use of nanomaterials as photocatalysts, supporting materials for solar cells, and disinfectants is reported for environmental remediation and energy applications. Advanced applications of nanomaterials for water detoxification, air purification, and the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water as well as dye-sensitized solar cells is also discussed. The enhancement of selectivity of photocatalysis, especially TiO2 systems, for the destruction of target contaminants in water is comprehensively presented. Finally, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion radical (O2•-), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in semiconductor photocatalysis is introduced and various experimental techniques to detect ROS are also discussed. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Nanostructured materials

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Development of nanostructured materials for the treatment and sensing of cyanotoxins and contaminants of emerging concern

Development of nanostructured materials for the treatment an...

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Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2012

作者： Han, Changseok Pelaez, Miguel Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Environmental Engineering and Science Program School of Energy Environmental Biological and Medical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH United States

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Vegetation of mono-layer landfill cover made of coal bottom ash and soil by compost application

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2013年第3期2卷 50-58页

作者： Seul Bi Lee Sang Yoon Kim Chan Yu Soon-Oh Kim Pil Joo Kim Department of Agricultural Engineering Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea Department of Agricultural Environment National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) Rural Development Administration (RDA) Suwon South Korea Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program) Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea Institute of Agriculture and Life Science Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea

Monolayer barriers called evapotranspiration (ET) covers were developed as alternative final cover systems in waste landfills but high-quality soil remains a limiting factor in these cover systems. Coal bottom ash was evaluated to be a very good alternative to soil in previous tests and a combination of soil (65% ***-1) and coal bottom ash (35% ***-1) was evaluated to be the most feasible materials for ET cover systems. In our pot test, selected manure compost as soil amendment for the composite ET cover system, which was made of soil and bottom ash at ca. 40 ***-1 application level was very effective to promote vegetation growth of three plants;namely, garden cosmos (Cosmosbipinnatus), Chinese bushclover (Lespedezacuneata), and leafy lespedeza (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). To evaluate the effect of compost application on plant growth in an ET vegetative cover system, two couples of lysimeters, packed with soil and a mixture of soil and bottom ash, were installed in a pilot landfill cover system in 2007. Manure composts were applied at the rates of 0 and ?40 ***-11before sowing the five plant species, ***-bush (Amorphafruticosa), Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps, Arundinella hirta, Lespedezacuneata, and Lespedezacyrtobotrya). Unseeded native plant (green foxtail,Setaria viridis) was dominant in all treatments in the 1st year after installation while the growth of the sown plants significantly improved over the years. Total biomass productivity significantly increased with manure compost application, and more significantly increased in the composite ET cover made of soil and bottom ash treatment compared to the single soil ET cover, mainly due to more improved soil nutrient levels promoting vegetation growth and maintaining the vegetation system. The use of bottom ash as a mixing material in ET cover systems has a strong potential as an alternative to fine-grained soils, and manure compost addition can effectively enhance vegetative propagation in ET co

关键词： Bottom Ash Coal Ash Compost Application Evapotranspiration (ET) Cover Mono-layer Barrier

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XXIV World Allergy Congress 2015 Seoul, Korea. 14-17 October 2015 Abstracts

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WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL 2016年第1期9卷 1-206页

作者： [Anonymous] Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital Seoul South Korea College of Medicine Korea University Seoul South Korea Korea University Guro Hospital Seoul South Korea Seoul National University Boramae Hospital Seoul South Korea Division of Clinical Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary Meiji Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan Suri Medical Foundation Hospital Uttar Pradesh State India Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran Airlangga University Teaching Hospital Surabaya Indonesia Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital Tokyo Japan Shinichiro KogaSamsung Changwon Hospital Seoul South Korea Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital Sapporo Japan Department of Dermatology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital Seoul South Korea Sakai City Medical Center Sakai Japan Osaka University Suita Japan Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea Osaka-Minami Medical Center Kawachinagano Japan Inha University College of Medicine Incheon South Korea Inha University Hospital Incheon South Korea Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Wiesbaden Germany Leti Pharma Gmbh Witten Germany Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India West Bengal Technical University Kolkata India Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Ent and Allergy Centre(INDIA) Panchkula India University of Santo Tomas Hospital Manila Philippines University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine Manila Philippines Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-Dong Seoul South Korea Sangji University Wonju South Korea Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University Colle

A1 Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-b1-induced extracellular matrix production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts Jae-Min Shin, Heung-Man Lee, Il-Ho Park A2 The efficacy of a 2-week course of oral steroid in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria refractory to antihistamines Hyun-Sun Yoon, Gyeong Yul Park A3 The altered distribution of follicular t helper cells may predict a more pronounced clinical course of primary sjögren’s syndrome Margit Zeher A4 Betamethasone suppresses Th2 cell development induced by langerhans cell like dendritic cells Katsuhiko Matsui, Saki Tamai, Reiko Ikeda A5 An evaluation of variousallergens in cases of allergic bronchial asthma at lucknow and neighbouring districts by intradermal skintest Drsushil Suri, Dranu Suri A6 Evaluation ferqency of ADHD in childhood asthma Marzieh Heidarzadeh Arani A7 Steven johnson syndrome caused by typhoid fever in a child Azwin Lubis, Anang Endaryanto A8 Chronic Bronchitis with Radio Contrast Media Hypersensitivity: A Case with Hypothesized GINA Step 1 Asthma Shinichiro Koga A9 The association between asthma and depression in Korean adult : An analysis of the fifth korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010-2012) Lee Ju Suk A10 Management of allergic disease exacerbations in pregnancy Yasunobu Tsuzuki A11 Subcutaneous immunotherapy mouse model for atopic dermatitis Seo Hyeong Kim, Jung U Shin, Ji Yeon Noh, Shan Jin, Shan Jin, Hemin Lee, Jungsoo Lee, Chang Ook Park, Kwang Hoon Lee, Kwang Hoon Lee A12 Atopic disease and/or atopy are risk factors for local anesthetic allergy in patients with history of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs? Fatma Merve Tepetam A13 Food hypersensitivity in patients with atopic dermatitis in Korea Chun Wook Park, Jee Hee Son, Soo Ick Cho, Yong Se Cho, Yun Sun Byun, Yoon Seok Yang, Bo Young Chung, Hye One Kim, Hee Jin Cho A14 Anaphylaxis caused by an ant (Brachyponera chinensis) in Japan Yoshinori Katada, Toshio Tanaka, Akihiko Nakabayashi, Koji Nishida, Kenichi A

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