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118th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Traver, Cherrice Klein, J. Douglass Mikic, Borjana Akera, Atsushi Shooter, Steven B. Epstein, Ari W. Gillette, David Union College United States Department of Economics Union College United States Picker Engineering Program Smith College United States Department of Science and Technology Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Bucknell University United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo United States

There is growing urgency to graduate more innovative engineers. This paper explores ways to foster the innovative capacity of undergraduate engineering students by challenging them with big questions, and introducing them to multiple perspectives. Students today are inspired by big questions that matter, like the NAE Grand Challenges. Students are aided in finding innovative solutions to these big, open-ended, questions by having them learn to entertain and explore multiple perspectives. While the importance of integrative thinking is recognized in ABET's EC-2000 (e.g. criteria (c), (h) and (j)), and integrative approaches are known to appeal to women and other underrepresented groups, there is still far too little integration in the undergraduate engineering curriculum. The paper describes concrete examples of how to foster innovative and entrepreneurial capacity in engineering undergraduate students by harnessing the diverse and creative perspectives common to a liberal education. We draw on curricular and extra-curricular examples developed by participants in the Symposium on engineering and Liberal Education (E&LE). The Symposium was inaugurated in 2008 as a forum to explore the rationale and methods of E&LE integration. For three years, the Symposium has brought together academic leaders and scholars from both engineering and the liberal arts to explore models for integrating engineering and the traditional liberal arts. The examples presented are grouped into five different aspects of undergraduate engineering education, addressing different phases of students' progress, recognizing that fostering innovation must be a continuous process: 1. Projects that focus on first year or introductory material 2. Projects that focus on core engineering courses 3. Projects that focus on capstone and extra-curricular experiences 4. Projects that span the curriculum 5. Faculty professional development to support projects The paper also reviews research results linking innova

关键词： Students

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Postflood Persistence and Recolonization of Endangered Tidewater Goby Populations

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North American Journal of Fisheries Management 2011年第2期19卷 618-622页

作者： Kevin D. Lafferty Camm C. Swift Richard F. Ambrose U.S. Geological Survey Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Department of Biology Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles California 90045–8220 USA Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of California Los Angeles California 90095–1772 USA

Before-and-after surveys at several southern California sites indicated that populations of endangered tidewater goby Eucyclogobius newberryi persisted through heavy flooding in 1995. This was contrary to our expectations that flooding might have led to extirpation in some smaller wetlands. There was also no significant change in tidewater goby density before and after the flooding. Several apparent recolonization events coincided with the flood, suggesting that flooding may be important for the long-term persistence of the species.

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Diffusion and treatability studies with biopolymer encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles

Diffusion and treatability studies with biopolymer encapsula...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011: Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability

作者： Shabnam, Rabiya Bezbaruah, Achintya Simsek, Senay Khan, Eakalak McEvoy, John Thompson, Jay Environmental and Conservation Science Program North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58102 United States Department of Civil Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58105 United States Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58105 United States Department of Veterinary and Microbial Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58105 United States Department of Civil Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784411735

Zero-valent iron nanoparticle (NZVI) is the most popular among the metal nanoparticles used in environmental remediation. The experiments discussed in this paper are conducted in 'micro-reactors' made of biopolymers (e.g., alginate). The calcium alginate capsules/microreactors are made and optimized for diameter, membrane thickness, and bursting force. Diffusion studies done using monosaccharide (Xylose) and pesticide (Alachlor) show good contaminant diffusion into the microreactors (∼3.4 mm dia). NZVI was encapsulated in the microreactors and treatability batch studies with specific contaminants (Alachlor) were conducted. © 2011 ASCE.

关键词： Biopolymers

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Reasons and options for integrating ecosystem services in strategic environmental assessment of spatial planning

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International Journal of Biodiversity science, Ecosystem Services and Management 2011年第3期7卷 143-149页

作者： Geneletti, Davide Sustainability Science Program Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 79 JFK Street United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Trento 38123 Trento Via Mesiano 77 Italy

Despite the attention that research on ecosystem services has attracted in recent years, its use to support real-life decision-making processes is still very limited, especially at the planning level. Spatial planning results in actions that may affect the distribution and quality of a wide range of ecosystem services. Hence, spatial planning decisions would benefit from systematic considerations of their effects on ecosystem services. Strategic environmental Assessment (SEA) provides an excellent platform to this purpose. This paper aims at providing insights on why it is important to promote ecosystem service-inclusive SEA processes, and on how to do it, with particular emphasis on spatial planning. First, possible actions to include relevant information of ecosystem services throughout the SEA process are presented. Second, the advantages are discussed by considering both the characteristics of ecosystem services approaches and the criteria of good-quality SEA. Finally, four main challenges are identified, concerning scoping, scale issues, trade-offs, and indicators, respectively. Addressing these challenges is bound to produce more effective SEA processes and better planning decisions. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： ecosystem services land use planning scale strategic environmental assessment trade-offs

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ELEMENTAL SULFUR-BASED ELECTRODEPOSITION OF INDIUM SULFIDE FILMS

ELEMENTAL SULFUR-BASED ELECTRODEPOSITION OF INDIUM SULFIDE F...

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IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： M. Jason Newell Robert Engelken J. Hall M. A. Mughal F. Felizco J. Vangilder S. Thapa D. McNew Z. Hill College of Engineering/Environmental Science Program and B.R. Carroll Department of Chemistry and Physics Arkansas State University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499663

We report research on electrodeposition of indium sulfide films, with In_2S_3 a less hazardous alternative to CdS buffer layers in solar cells. Numerous organic and aqueous/organic electrolytes of InCl_3, NaCl, and elemental sulfur were investigated, including several glycols and amides. Temperatures ranged from 80-170℃, and deposition voltages from -0.6 to -1.2 V (Ag/AgCl with organic filling solution). Substrates included indium tin oxide-on-glass, molybdenum, and titanium, with indium or graphite anodes. Rapid stirring was used. Deposition was sluggish in all baths. Uniformity and adherence were only moderate, with irregular coverage and cracking-and-flaking sometimes evident. The best baths were ethylene glycol or 1, 2-propanediol-based, with golden-yellow films, nominally In_2S_(3-x)O_x, depositing typically heavier around the substrate edges. With low temperatures and/or large currents, brown films more rich in indium sometimes formed. Cyclic voltammetry elucidated onset potentials, secondary reactions, and photoactivity, with the greatest anodic photocurrents arising from In_2S_3's n-type conductivity occurring with mixed ethylene glycol/propionic acid/water baths. Scanning electron microscope photographs indicated a compact small grain microstructure for yellow films. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and photoelectron spectroscopy data indicate up to 15% oxygen content.

关键词： Indium Photovoltaic cells Photonic band gap Substrates Buffer layers Solvents

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Enhanced interfacial adhesion, mechanical, and thermal properties of natural flour-filled biodegradable polymer bio-composites

Enhanced interfacial adhesion, mechanical, and thermal prope...

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作者： Kim, Hee-Soo Lee, Byoung-Ho Lee, Sena Kim, Hyun-Joong Dorgan, John R. Research and Development Institute Research 2 Team Woongjin Chemical Co. Ltd Suwon 443-270 Korea Republic of Laboratory of Adhesion and Bio-Composites Program in Environmental Materials Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-921 Korea Republic of Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 151-921 Korea Republic of Colorado Center for Biorefining and Biofuels Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401-1887 United States

This study examined the interfacial adhesion, mechanical, and thermal properties of compatibilizing agent-treated and non-treated biocomposites as a function of the type of compatibilizing agent. The tensile strength, interfacial adhesion, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of maleic anhydride-grafted poly(butylene succinate) (PBS-MA) and maleic anhydride-grafted poly(lactic acid) (PLA-MA)-treated biocomposites are greater than those of untreated maleic anhydride-grafted poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) triblock copolymer (SEBS-MA) and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP)-treated biocomposites. The storage modulus (E′) values and the tan Εmax temperatures (T g) of PBS-MA and PLA-MA-treated biocomposites were slightly higher than that of the untreated biocomposites. © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2010.

关键词： Maleic anhydride

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Evaluations on thermal runaway characteristics for three liquid organic peroxides

Evaluations on thermal runaway characteristics for three liq...

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爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室2011年学术年会暨International Workshop on Intensive Loading and Its Effects

作者： Chi(M)(i)(n)Shu Yung(Ch)an Chu Process Safety and Disaster Prevention Laboratory Department of SafetyHealthand Environmental EngineeringNYUST123University Rd.Sec.3DouliouYunlinTaiwan 64002ROC Doctoral ProgramGraduate School of Engineering Science and TechnologyNational Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST)123University Rd.Sec.3DouliouYunlinTaiwan 64002ROC

In virtue of operating improperly, many exigent accidents of chemical industries are emerged frequently.1, l-Di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCH), 1,1-di (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (BPCH) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) are commonly well-known as thermal instability materials which were used as hardening and curing *** aim was to evaluate the safety operating parameters which play an important role in reaction *** this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied to measure the heat of decomposition reactions, which can contribute to understanding the reaction characteristics of those *** sizing package 2 (VSP2) was employed to evaluate rates of increase for temperature and pressure in decomposition reactions, and then the thermokinetic parameters of three organic peroxides were *** last, Semenov's model derived to criticality characteristics of various stirring rate situation were clearly identified.

关键词： Criticality characteristics organic peroxides thermal instability thermokinetic parameters vent sizing package 2 (VSP2)

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No-take Reserve Networks: Sustaining Fishery Populations and Marine Ecosystems

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Fisheries 2011年第11期24卷 11-25页

作者： Steven N. Murray Richard F. Ambrose James A. Bohnsack Louis W. Botsford Mark H. Carr Gary E. Davis Paul K. Dayton Dan Gotshall Don R. Gunderson Mark A. Hixon Jane Lubchenco Marc Mangel Alec MacCall Deborah A. McArdle John C. Ogden Joan Roughgarden Richard M. Starr Mia J. Tegner Mary M. Yoklavich Department of Biological Science California State University Fullerton CA 92834-6850 USA Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of California Los Angeles NOAA/NMFS Miami Florida USA Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California Davis USA Department of Biology University of California Santa Cruz Channel Islands National Park Ventura California USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego USA Sea Challengers in Monterey School of Fisheries University of Washington Seattle USA Department of Zoology Oregon State University (OSU) Corvallis USA Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz Groundfish Analysis Branch NMFS Tiburon Laboratory California USA University of California Sea Grant Extension Program Santa Barbara USA The Florida Institute of Oceanography St. Petersburg USA Biological Science Stanford University California USA University of California Sea Grant Extension Program Moss Landing California USA NMFS Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory Pacific Grove California USA

Improved management approaches are needed to reduce the rate at which humans are depleting exploited marine populations and degrading marine ecosystems. Networks of no-take marine reserves are promising management tools because of their potential to (1) protect coastal ecosystem structure and functioning, (2) benefit exploited populations and fisheries, (3) improve scientific understanding of marine ecosystems, and (4) provide enriched opportunities for non-extractive human activities. By protecting marine ecosystems and their populations, no-take reserve networks can reduce risk by providing important insurance for fishery managers against overexploitation of individual populations. Replicated reserves also foster strong scientific testing of fishery and conservation management strategies. Reserve networks will require social acceptance, adequate enforcement, and effective scientific evaluation to be successful. Processes for reserve establishment should accommodate adaptive management so boundaries and regulations can be modified to enhance performance. However, even well-designed reserve networks will require continued conservation efforts outside reserve boundaries to be effective. Establishing networks of no-take reserves is a process-oriented, precautionary management strategy that protects functional attributes of marine ecosystems. As an addition to fishery management practices and other conservation efforts, no-take reserve networks may improve the status of exploited populations while conserving marine resources for future generations.

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Using spectrometry and photography to study color underwater

Using spectrometry and photography to study color underwater

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OCEANS

作者： Derya Akkaynak Eric Chan Justine J. Allen Roger T. Hanlon Joint Program in Oceanography Applied Ocean Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Cambridge MA USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA US The Brown-MBL Graduate Biological and Environmental Sciences Providence RI USA Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole MA USA

Most underwater images are post-processed to look pleasing to human viewers. This often results in unrealistically saturated colors. Images taken for the purpose of studying color-sensitive topics such as marine animal coloration, must represent colors as accurately as possible and should not be arbitrarily enhanced. This first requires a transformation of colors from the camera color space to a device independent space. In this paper we present a method for transforming raw camera-RGB colors to a device independent space, optimizing this transformation for a particular underwater habitat. We have conducted an extensive study of the variation of color appearance underwater at a dive site in the Aegean Sea by taking 21 sets of spectrometry and irradiance readings with corresponding photographs of four different color standards. Spectral and photographic data were collected in the presence of natural daylight at various depths and under different weather conditions. In addition to the color charts, we have built a “habitat chart” to optimize this camera-specific transformation for a given dive site.

关键词： Image color analysis Cameras Lighting Sensitivity Humans Optical surface waves Optical sensors

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Exposure to phthalates in house dust: Community-based participatory research in a central California county on low-to middle-income older adults with asthma and/or COPD

Exposure to phthalates in house dust: Community-based partic...

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12th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate 2011

作者： Shendell, Derek G. Lin, Lin Fan, Zhihua Yamamoto, Naomichi Mizan, Samina Annor, Samuel D. Foster, Christine Department of Environment and Occupational Health Piscataway NJ United States Center for School and Community-Based Research and Education UMDNJ SPH New Brunswick NJ United States Rutgers University Piscataway NJ United States Clarkson University Potsdam NY United States UMDNJ RWJMS Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine Piscataway NJ United States Yale University Department of Chemical Engineering New Haven CT United States Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan Respiratory Therapy Program Visalia CA United States Visalia CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781627482721

We conducted community-based participatory research with a cross-sectional repeated measures design in Visalia, Tulare County, California. We report on a novel modification of both an existing field dust wipe method and laboratory analysis procedure for extracting then quantifying phthalates from pre-wetted wipes. Twelve individuals- of 34 at baseline from convenience sample meeting selection criteria recruited in spring 2009- agreed to comprehensive home visits;nine completed first visits July, 2009 (Shendell et al, 2010). We confirmed each participant at baseline had 13 physician-diagnosed respiratory diseases, e.g., asthma. Four of five targeted phthalates [DEHP (diethylhexyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DEP (diethyl phthalate) and BBzP (butylbenzyl phthalate), not DINP (diisononyl phthalate)] were measured above study analytic detection limits in most study homes. Measured levels of phthalates varied between kitchen floors compared to front hallways/entry areas (FH) and TV rooms/dens for DBP and DEHP;for DnBP and BBzP, levels were consistently higher in FH.

关键词： Dust

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