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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of environmental and Water Concerns

作者： Hamblen, Christopher S. Soong, David T. Cai, Ximing Environmental Hydrologic and Hydraulic Engineering Program Environmental and Civil Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States U.S. Geological Survey Illinois Water Science Center 1201 University Avenue Urbana IL 61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0784408564

Mapping floodplain boundaries using geographical information system (GIS) and digital elevation models (DEMs) was completed in a recent study. However convenient this method may appear at first, the resulting maps potentially can have unaccounted errors. Mapping the floodplain using GIS is faster than mapping manually, and digital mapping is expected to be more common in the future. When mapping is done manually, the experience and judgment of the engineer or geographer completing the mapping and the contour resolution of the surface topography are critical in determining the flood-plain and floodway boundaries between cross sections. When mapping is done digitally, discrepancies can result from the use of the computing algorithm and digital topographic datasets. Understanding the possible sources of error and how the error accumulates through these processes is necessary for the validation of automated digital mapping. This study will evaluate the procedure of floodplain mapping using GIS and a 3 m by 3 m resolution DEM with a focus on the accumulated errors involved in the process. Within the GIS environment of this mapping method, the procedural steps of most interest, initially, include: (1) the accurate spatial representation of the stream centerline and cross sections, (2) properly using a triangulated irregular network (TIN) model for the flood elevations of the studied cross sections, the interpolated elevations between them and the extrapolated flood elevations beyond the cross sections, and (3) the comparison of the flood elevation TIN with the ground elevation DEM, from which the appropriate inundation boundaries are delineated. The study area involved is of relatively low topographic relief;thereby, making it representative of common suburban development and a prime setting for the need of accurately mapped floodplains. This paper emphasizes the impacts of integrating supplemental digital terrain data between cross sections on floodplain delineation. © 2

关键词： Floods

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Rich learning experiences for minority undergraduate students through inquiry-based project activities in the field and laboratory settings

Rich learning experiences for minority undergraduate student...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit Mitra, Madhumi Stoakley, Rose Turner, Tiara Cherinet, Suraf Ladd, Gabriel Chalyam, Harsha Hartman, Christopher Burrows-Mcelwain, James B. University of Maryland-Eastern Shore United States Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States ASME SME ASEE Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Biology Education Program UMES France Mathematics Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore Department of Mathemtics and Computer Sciences United States Aviation Science Program University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Graduate Program UMES United States Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Aviation Science Program Department of Engineering and Aviation Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Aviation Program Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences Aviation Program

With support from HBCU-UP (Historically Black College and University Undergraduate program) at National science Foundation (NSF), the ACTION (Advanced Curriculum and Technology-Based Instructional Opportunities Network) program at University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) is promoting inquiry based active learning and research projects among undergraduate STEM (science, Technology, engineering and Mathematics) majors. Field based experiential learning efforts titled (i) AIRSPACES: Aerial Imaging and Remote Sensing for Precision Agriculture and environmental Stewardship and (ii) ECPA: environmentally Conscious Precision Agriculture, provided a perfect setting for STEM undergraduates to interact with UMES farm personnel, graduate students, NASA and USDA researchers collaborating with the faculty members in the project. In the summer of 2006 ACTION program supported three undergraduate students to work with the principal author to work on a chosen aspect of the ongoing effort. For this ACTION project students decided to focus on aspects of yield monitoring and remote sensing for the precision agriculture project at UMES. This paper will highlight the student efforts related to the ACTION project for 2006 summer and discuss how the out of classroom, field, and laboratory based activities enhanced learning. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Learning systems

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Pollutant potential from building materials: Laboratory and field evaluations

Pollutant potential from building materials: Laboratory and ...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of environmental and Water Concerns

作者： Clark, Shirley E. Hafera, Julia M. Mikula, J. Bradley Elligson, James C. Long, Brett V. Lalor, Melinda M. School of Science Engineering and Technology Environmental Engineering Program Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg 777 W Harrisburg Middletown PA 17057 United States School of Engineering Office University of Alabama at Birmingham 1075 13th Street Birmingham AL 35294 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0784408564

Development in sensitive watersheds continues to pose environmental problems for receiving waters. Materials, such as galvanized metal, concrete, asphalt and wood products, may release pollutants into urban runoff and snowmelt;however, the long term effect of commonly-used building materials on the environment has not been quantified. Laboratory testing on common roofing materials indicated that the potential for release (primarily nutrients, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and metals) is substantial. Further testing on painted, galvanized roofing tiles that were exposed to the Pennsylvania climate for 60+ years indicated that material continued to be released from these panels-indicating a deeper reservoir than simply the loss of a sacrificial surface coating. The ongoing research project involves testing a variety of construction materials (roofing materials, treated and untreated woods) to determine their long-term pollutant release after typical installation and exposure to the weather. The goal is to develop a better understanding of how the aging and exposure processes will impact the release over time. Understanding the 'release vs. time' of a pollutant from a material will be crucial for translating the laboratory results to the actual environment and to developing predictive models for evaluating new materials for their pollutant potential. © 2006 ASCE.

关键词： Sewage

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Marine mammal noise-exposure criteria: Initial scientific recommendations

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Bioacoustics 2008年第1-3期17卷 273-275页

作者： Southall, Brandon L. Bowles, Ann E. Ellison, William T. Finneran, James J. Gentry, Roger L. Greene, Charles R. Kastak, David Ketten, Darlene R. Miller, James H. Nachtigall, Paul E. Richardson, W. John Thomas, Jeanette A. Tyack, Peter L. Marine Ecosystems Division Ocean Acoustics Program National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Silver Spring MD 20910-6233 1315 East-West Highway United States Long Marine Laboratory University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95060 100 Shaffer Road United States Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute San Diego CA 92109 2595 Ingraham Street United States Marine Acoustics Inc. Middletown RI 02842 809 Aquidneck Avenue United States U. S. Navy Marine Mammal Program Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center San Diego San Diego CA 92152-5000 53560 Hull Street United States ProScience Consulting LLC Dickerson MD 20842-0177 22331 Mt. Ephraim Road United States Greeneridge Sciences Inc. Santa Barbara CA 93110 4512 Via Huerto United States Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 United States Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 United States Department of Ocean Engineering University of Rhode Island Narragansett RI 02882 South Ferry Road United States Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Kane'ohe HI 96744 P.O. Box 1346 United States LGL Ltd. Environmental Research Associates King City ON L7B 1A6 P.O. Box 280 22 Fisher Street Canada Department of Biological Sciences Western Illinois University Quad Cities Moline IL 61265 3561 60th Street United States

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关键词： MARINE animals

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Evaluation of a two-stage passive treatment approach for Mining Influenced Waters

Evaluation of a two-stage passive treatment approach for Min...

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24th National Meetings of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2007: 30 Years of SMCRA and Beyond

作者： Figueroa, L. Miller, A. Zaluski, M. Bless, D. Environmental Science and Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 United States Butte MT 57901 United States Mine Waste Technology Program Sustainable Technology Division Systems Analysis Branch Cincinnati OH 45268 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781604233285

A two-stage passive treatment approach was assessed at a bench-scale level using two Colorado Mining Influenced Waters (MIWs). The first-stage was a limestone drain with the purpose of removing iron and aluminum and mitigating the potential effects of mineral acidity. The second stage was a sulfate reducing bioreactor composed solely of 50% corn stover and 50% walnut shells by volume. The primary difference in the two MIWs was the concentration of zinc 5-7 mg/L for the National Tunnel Adit drainage (NTA) vs. 65-75 mg/L for the Silver Cycle Adit drainage (SCA). The limestone pretreatment columns reduced the zinc in the NTA MIW to 1-2 mg/L and the SCA MIW to 38 - 56 mg/L. The two SCA biocolumns had similar zinc removal but different sulfate removal with time. The sulfate reduction rate (SRR) for the SCA columns peaked at day 50 but at 0.5 mol S/m3/d for column 1 and 0.3 mol S/m3/d for column 2. Average SRR after day 50 was 0.24 and 0.13 mol S/m3/d for columns 1 and 2, respectively. The NTA columns (3 and 4) sustained an averaged SRR of 0.3 mol S/m3/d for days 30-130. The effluent zinc after startup from the two systems were

关键词： Bioreactors

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Genotoxicity assessment of wood-preserving waste-contaminated soil undergoing bioremediation

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Bioremediation Journal 2007年第4期11卷 171-182页

作者： Gillespie, A.M. Wang, S. McDonald, T. Garcia, S.G. Cosgriff, D. He, L.-Y. Huebner, H. Donnelly, K.C. Toxicology Program College Station Texas AandM University TX United States Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Texas AandM University System Health Science Center Texas AandM University TX United States Arrowhead Engineering Libby MN United States Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College Station Texas AandM University TX United States

Bioremediation represents one of the most cost-effective technologies for treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated surface soils. A major concern for regulatory agencies when evaluating bioremediation is how to determine acceptable levels for residual organics in soil. Although guidelines have been developed for some organics in soil, limited information is available to define acceptable levels of the metabolites of biological degradation. The products of oxidative degradation are likely to be more water soluble and may also be more toxic. The purpose of the current study was to monitor changes in compound concentration and genotoxicity in soils undergoing bioremediation. The site selected for this study was a former wood-preserving site in the northwestern United States. Soil samples were collected over a 4-year period from two 6075-m2 land treatment units. Conditions for biodegradation were enhanced by the addition of water and nutrients, as well as by frequent tilling to add oxygen. Due to the location of the facility, the temperature was conducive to a more rapid rate of biodegradation for approximately 6 months per year. Soil samples were collected using a grid system and solvent extracted. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were quantified in soil extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and genotoxicity measured using the Salmonella/microsome assay. After 2 years of treatment, concentrations of total and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were reduced to approximately 10% the concentration in the untreated soil. However, the mean weighted activity of the untreated soil was 293 net revertants per g soil, whereas the extracts of soil collected after 2 years induced a mean weighted activity of 325 net revertants per g soil. Thus, although biodegradation clearly reduced the concentration of total and carcinogenic PAHs in the surface soils, the results from the genotoxicity bioassay indicate that there was a lag in th

关键词： Soils

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Lattice boltzmann method in saltwater intrusion modeling

Lattice boltzmann method in saltwater intrusion modeling

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作者： Servan-Camas, Borja Tubbs, Kevin Tsai, Frank T-C. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University 3507 CEBA Building Baton Rouge LA 70803-6405 United States Donald W. Clayton Program in Engineering Science Louisiana State University 3507 CEBA Building Baton Rouge LA 70803-6405 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784409275

This study develops a saltwater intrusion simulation model using a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in a two-dimensional coastal confined aquifer. The saltwater intrusion phenomenon is described by density-varied groundwater flow and mass transport equations, where a freshwater-saltwater mixing zone is considered. Although primarily developed using the mesoscopic approach to solve macroscopic fluid dynamic problems, e.g., Navier-Stoke equation, LBM is able to be adopted to solve physical-based diffusion-type governing equations as for the groundwater flow and mass transport equations. In this study, the density-varied groundwater flow equation and the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) are modeled by the lattice Boltzmann method. Under the consideration on the steady-state groundwater flow due to low storativity, in each time step the flow problem is modified to be a Poisson equation and solved by LBM. Nevertheless, the groundwater flow is still a time-marching problem with spatial-temporal variation in salinity concentration as well as density. The Henry problem is used to compare the LBM results against the Henry solution. © 2007 ASCE.

关键词： Groundwater flow

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Evaluation of methods to reduce exhaust penetration into school buses 100

Evaluation of methods to reduce exhaust penetration into sch...

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100th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association 2007, ACE 2007

作者： Fitz, Dennis R. Pankratz, David V. Kozawa, Kathleen Behrentz, Eduardo Winer, Arthur M. Fruin, Scott A. College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology University of California Riverside 1084 Columbia Avenue RiversideCA92507 United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095-1772 United States California Air Resources Board P.O. Box 2815 SacramentoCA95812 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781604238464

Bus exhaust system leaks in well-maintained buses were found to be insignificant. The "blower door" method was an easy and effective method to determine the relative tightness of a bus and should be used as a diagnostic test to ensure tightness is maintained as buses age. Gaskets used on doors and windows should be checked for wear, particularly around the main door. Children's exposure to exhaust, particularly from self-pollution could be significantly reduced by placing the exhaust outlet above the bus. This could be possible as a retrofit kit, although incorporation into new buses would likely be more cost effective and aesthetically pleasing. Exhaust from a leading vehicle often led to twice as much exhaust entering the cabin compared to self-pollution. Therefore, close caravanning of school buses should be avoided, and buses should also avoid following other diesel-powered vehicles closely. These results further reinforce this recommendation made in our previous school bus exposure study.

关键词： Buses

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A geomorphic process-response model for chenier-plain evolution in Southwestern Louisiana, USA

A geomorphic process-response model for chenier-plain evolut...

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6th International Symposium on Coastal engineering and science of Coastal Sediment Processes

作者： McBride, Randolph A. Taylor, Matthew J. Byrnes, Mark R. Geology and Earth Science Program Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 United States Department of Geography University of Denver Denver CO 80208 United States Applied Coastal Research and Engineering Inc. 766 Falmouth Road Mashpee MA 02649 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0784409269

Coastal morphodynamics are evaluated to develop a more-advanced geomorphic model for chenier-plain evolution in southwestern Louisiana. Most ridges on the chenier plain represent open-Gulf paleoshorelines. Past movement trends of individual shorelines allow ridges to be further classified as transgressive, regressive, or laterally accreted. As such, a geomorphic hierarchy of landforms is refined relative to dominant coastal process. To understand long-term evolution of the chenier plain, modern tidal-inlet processes operating at Sabine Pass, Calcasieu Pass, and the Mermentau River mouth are examined relative to the inlet-stability ratio;historical shoreline-change data are used to document trends in. shoreline behavior;and air-photo interpretation and topographic profiles are used to address form/process relationships of primary landforms. These datasets and others indicate that the geologic evolution of the chenier plain is more complicated than just channel avulsions of the Mississippi River and downstream delta switching. A six-stage geomorphic process-response model is presented that synthesizes chenier-plain evolution primarily as a function of: 1) the balance between sediment supply and energy dissipation, 2) local sediment reworking and lateral transport, and 3) tidal-entrance dynamics.

关键词： Coastal zones

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Technology education in K-12: Revelations from designing and delivering a robotics lesson plan for pre-service teachers

Technology education in K-12: Revelations from designing and...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit Mitra, Madhumi University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States ASME SME ASEE Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Biology Education Program UMES France

In partnership with NASA, National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) and Bennett College for Women, University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) hosted the 11thPre-service Teacher program. The program had two significant components: a) A national Pre-service Teacher Conference (PSTC) held at Alexandria, VA, during February 16-18, 2006, that drew participation from HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities), HSIs(Hispanic Serving Institutions), TCUs ( Tribal Colleges and Universities) and majority universities with significant minority enrollment and b) An intensive two week Preservice Teacher Institute (PSTI) in the summer for a relatively small group of pre-service teachers held at NASA Langley for inspiring future K-12 teachers in the fields of mathematics, science, and technology education fields. This paper will focus on a robotics activity designed by the primary author for the PSTI. While designing the activity the technology education standards as proposed by ITEA (International Technology Education Association)/CTTE (Council on Technology Teacher Education) and ISTE (International Standard for Technology Education) were consulted and incorporated in the lesson. For the primary author, who is an engineering educator the experience revealed the confusion that prevails in the teacher education field with regard to "technology education" and its evolving standards. It is important for engineering educators to get involved and facilitate K-12 curricula development efforts based on these standards, and provide clarity to how "technology education" in the K-12 is related to vocational technology, instructional technology, mathematics, sciences, engineering and engineering technology. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： engineering education

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