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A Novel Joint between Dissimilar Materials Inspired by the Mechanics of Trees

MRS Online Proceedings Library 2005年第1期844卷 1-8页

作者： L. Roy Xu Huacheng Kuai Sreeparna Sengupta Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Material Science Program Vanderbilt Place Vanderbilt University Nashville USA

An integrated experimental and numerical investigation was conducted for removing the free-edge stress concentrations in dissimilar material joints. A convex interface/joint design, inspired by the shape and mechanics of trees, allows for least stress concentrations at bi-material corners for most engineering material combinations. In-situ photoelasticity experiments on convex polycarbonate-aluminum joints showed that the free-edge stress concentration was successfully removed. As a result, the new design not only improves the static load transfer capacity of dissimilar material joints, but also yields more reasonable interfacial tensile strength evaluation. For convex polycarbonate-aluminum and PMMA-aluminum joint specimens, the ultimate tensile load increased up to 81% while the total material volume reduced by at least 15% over that of traditional butt-joint specimens with severe free-edge stress concentrations.

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Microfluidic-based PLGA nanosphere generator for protein coating

Microfluidic-based PLGA nanosphere generator for protein coa...

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9th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2005

作者： Hung, Lung-Hsin Hsieh, Albert Tsung-Hsi Portney, Nate Lee, Abraham Philip Department of Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California at Irvine 204 Rockwell Engineering Center Irvine CA 92697 United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department University of California at Riverside United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California at Irvine United States

ISBN: (纸本)0974361119

This paper presents an integrated microfluidic device for the generation of poly (lactideco- glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres with protein coating. The chip utilizes the microfluidic droplet reactor technique [1] and PLGA salting-out [2] approach to provide high consistency and efficiency. The size of generated PLGA nanospheres was in the 300nm range;and the coating amount is 1 μg of bovine serum albumin (BSA) per 1mg PLGA nanospheres. Compared to conventional methods, the microfluidic generation of nanospheres reported here has the advantages of continuous synthesis process, tuneable process condition, and small droplet/particle dispersion. Copyright © 2005 by the Transducer Research Foundation, Inc.

关键词： Solvent extraction

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Wet-weather pollution from commonly-used building materials

Wet-weather pollution from commonly-used building materials

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2005 World Water and environmental Resources Congress

作者： Clark, Shirley E. Lalor, Melinda Pratap, Mukesh Field, Richard Pitt, Robert School of Science Engineering and Technology Environmental Engineering Program Penn State Harrisburg 777 W. Harrisburg Pike TL-173 Middletown PA 17057 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham 1075 13th St. Birmingham AL 35294 Urban Watershed Management Branch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MS-104 2890 Woodbridge Av. Edison NJ 08837 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0205

ISBN: (纸本)0784407924

Development in sensitive watersheds continues to pose environmental problems for receiving waters. One contributor to the long-term pollution of sensitive waterways is building and construction materials. However, the long-term effect of many building materials on the environment has not been quantified. Prior testing of these materials in the laboratory has indicated that the potential for release (primarily nutrients, lighter hydrocarbons, pesticides, and metals) is significant. Additional testing for metals' release from aged roofing panels also has shown that the potential for pollutant release still exists after 60 years of exposure to the environment. The data that is missing from a complete evaluation of specific building materials is behavior over the lifespan of the material, including the critical period of initial exposure. This paper provides an overview of the limited literature available on the subject, results from laboratory testing of common building materials and aged roofing panels, and an overview of the next phase of needed research. Copyright ASCE 2005.

关键词： Water pollution

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Evaluating soil physical properties at a high elevation eco-tourism park in Jamaica

Evaluating soil physical properties at a high elevation eco-...

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2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting

作者： Gayle, Godfrey Raczkowski, Charles Mims, Michele R. Bioenvironmental Engineering Program Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design North Carolina AandT State University 1601 East Market St NC 27411 United States Soil Plant and Environmental Science Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design North Carolina AandT State University 1601 East Market St NC 27411 United States

The impact of Tourism on fragile lands is an important concern to the Jamaican government. This study was conducted to evaluate an area in the Blue Mountain Region located in the eastern part of Jamaica, which is a part of a Forest reserve that has high potential for eco-tourism activity. The study sites were at an average elevation of 1,200 meters: the target soils were formed as a result of volcanic activities and contain large amounts of fem'hydrite and aluminum humus complexes. The objectives of this research were to: 1) Determine selected soil physical properties, 2) Evaluate the ability of the soil to withstand degradation from pedestrian traffic based on the physical properties determined, 3) Evaluate the soil types of the region by comparing the physical properties determined, in objective one, to specific physical and engineering properties of Andic soils as given by Dixon and Weed (1989). Measurements were made over a two and a half year period at three sites in the Blue Mountain Region. Results were statically analyzed and showed the effects of pedestrian traffic on trails were limited to the upper 20 cm of the soil for all properties evaluated. Impact on bearing capacity ranged from 0.66 MPa to 1.58 MPa when compared to non-traffic soil bearing capacity of 0.35MPa. Pedestrian traffic also increased bulk density by 30% (0.91 g/cm3 versus 1.30 g/cm3). Porosity was reduced by 15% to 34%. This reduction was due to soil compaction. The soil physical properties observed in the study compared favorably with Andic soil physical properties reported by Dixon and Weed (1989).

关键词： Pore size

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Urban wet-weather flows

Urban wet-weather flows

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作者： Clark, Shirley Burian, Steven Pitt, Robert Field, Richard Department of Environmental Engineering Penn State Harrisburg School of Science Engineering and Technology 777 W. Harrisburg Pike TL-173 Middletown PA 17057 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Utah United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama United States EPA Wet-Weather Flow Program Urban Watershed Management Branch Water Supply and Water Resources Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati United States

This subject, Urban Wet-Weather Flows, is comprised of three basic subareas - combined-sewer overflows (CSOs), sanitary-sewer overflows (SSOs), and stormwater discharges. Major proceedings related to wet-weather flow (WWF) published during 2004 were the following: (1) WEFTEC 2004, 77th Annual Conference and Exposition (WEF, 2004);(2) Innovative Modeling of Urban Stormwater Systems, Monograph 12 (CHI, 2004);(3) Watersheds 2004 Conference (WEF, 2004);and (4) World Water and Environment Congress of ASCE/EWRI (EWRI, 2004). In addition to the conferences listed above, the 2004 Annual Conference of the American Water Resources Association and the Low-Impact Development Conference had significant sessions on wet-weather flows. However, no paper proceedings were published.

关键词： Water resources

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engineering games evolve: A new format

Engineering games evolve: A new format

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Frontiers in Education - 35th Annual Conference 2005, FIE' 05

作者： Dziedzic, Mauricio Ferlin, Edson Pedro Tozzi, Marcos José Graduate Program in Environmental Management UnicenP R. Prof. Pedro Viriato P. S. 5300 Curitiba-PR 81280-330 Brazil Department of Computer Engineering UnicenP Faculty of Science and Technology UnicenP

ISBN: (纸本)0780390776

The engineering Games at UnicenP began in 1999 and, in 2004, the 6 th edition had the participation of approximately 600 students, freshmen and sophomore, from the Civil, Computer, Electric and Mechanical engineering programs at Centro Universitário Positivo. In the last two editions of the games there has been a change in the format, with the students now being made responsible for the acquisition of the materials to be employed in the games. This is now possible due to advanced announcement of team composition, which gives the students enough time to contact fellow team members and get organized prior to engineering Games day. The new format has helped improve team organization, and also made the games easier to set up, since more time can be devoted by the faculty to task creation and evaluation as opposed to the former assemblage of kits of materials to be handed to the teams. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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environmentally benign materials for electronics: A review of current developments and emerging technologies

Environmentally benign materials for electronics: A review o...

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2005 10th International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials: Processes, Properties and Interfaces

作者： Lincoln, John D. Ogunseitan, Oladele A. Saphores, Jean-Daniel M. Schoenung, Julie M. Nixon, Hilary Shapiro, Andrew A. Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California Irvine Program in Industrial Ecology Dept. of Environmental Health Science and Policy UCI Dept. of Planning Policy and Design UCI Dept. of Materials Science University of California Davis Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena

ISBN: (纸本)0780390857

Materials used in handheld consumer electronic devices (CEDs), such as cell phones or personal digital assistants, create environmental risks both during procurement and disposal. The increasing global demand for CEDs and recent legislative pressure motivate our review of alternative materials that could make CEDs more environmentally friendly. Hazardous materials considered include brominated flame retardants, lead-based solders, hexavalent chromium, and copper. We survey recent research in the development of environmentally benign replacement materials, provide a brief assessment of the potential environmental, industrial, and economic consequences of their substitution, and assess progress in their industrial application. Identifying appropriate environmentally benign replacement materials provides a starting point for developing environmentally friendly CED prototypes. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Consumer electronics

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Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) a novel approach to waste elimination aboard ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2006年第3期118卷 139-150页

作者： Kaldas, Aida Picard, Isabelle Chronopoulos, Christos Chevalier, Philippe Carabin, Pierre Holcroft, Gillian Alexander, Gary Spezio, Joseph Mann, Jim Molintas, Henry AIDA KALDAS Eng. is the principal author and Technical Manager at PyroGenesis Inc. She is currently leading the process development team of the Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System for applications on board ships. She holds a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering from Cairo University and a Masters in Engineering Science from the University of Western Ontario. She is a member of “l'Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec” since 1981. Prior to joining PyroGenesis Inc. Mrs. Kaldas has led several development programs working for Orica (formally ICI Explosives)for over 20 years. Her areas of expertise include process optimization and debottlenecking process modeling and particles processing. ISABELLE PICARD ENG. is a Product Development Engineer at PyroGenesis Inc. She is currently part of the process development team of the Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System for applications on board ships. She holds a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering from “école Polytechnique de Montréal”. She is a member of “l'Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec” since 1995. Prior to joining PyroGenesis Inc. Mrs. Picard has worked as project leader for several development project related to natural gas applications working for The Natural Gas Technologies Center and as Product Development Engineer for the fuel cell industry working for H Power Canada inc. Her areas of expertise include process development and optimization system integration and equipment sizing. CHRISTOS CHRONOPOULOS Eng. is presently a Product Development Engineer at PyroGenesis Inc. Over the last two years Mr. Chronopoulos has worked on the design and development processes for the treatment of all types of wastes. Prior to joining PyroGenesis Inc. Mr. Chronopoulos worked on process engineering and process development in the Fuel Cell industry for a period of two years and also in the Electronic Plating industry for 4 years. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from Sherbrooke University. He is a member of “l'Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec”. PHILIPPE CHEVALIER Eng. is the

The Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) uses plasma energy, with temperatures over 5,000 degrees C, to rapidly and efficiently destroy combustible waste aboard ships. PAWDS has proven itself to be a viable alternative to traditional incinerators. >> In September 2003, Carnival Cruise Lines were the first to install a PAWDS aboard their 2,056 passenger (plus 1,000 crew members) capacity, M/S Fantasy cruise ship, to treat ship waste including paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, wood, and food. As of June 2004, it is being operated and maintained solely by Carnival Cruise Lines personnel and has been permitted to operate in port by the Bahamian port authorities. >> The Navy's next generation aircraft carrier, CVN 21, will be equipped with two FAWDS to process all of the non-food combustible solid waste generated with sufficient system redundancy. The US Navy has been jointly developing the PAWDS with PyroGenesis Inc. over the last 6 years. The development efforts in 2004 and 2005 coupled with lessons learned from operation aboard Carnival's cruise ship have resulted in the identification of additional process and design improvements. Source emission testing by an independent laboratory has also demonstrated that the PAWDS easily meets IMO MARPOL requirements for the destruction of solid waste.

关键词： Waste treatment

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Initiating environmentally conscious precision agriculture at UMES

Initiating environmentally conscious precision agriculture a...

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2005 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: The Changing Landscape of engineering and Technology Education in a Global World

作者： Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit Mitra, Madhumi Brooks, Carolyn Earl, Tracy Conry, Robert Ladd, Gabriel Bland, Geoffrey Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences Department of Natural Sciences School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences NASA GSFC'S Wallops Flight Facility Observational Science Branch United States Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States Biology Education Program UMES France Department of Microbiology School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States UMES France Aviation Science Program Department of Engineering and Aviation Science University of Maryland Eastern Shore United States

Precision agriculture is a combination of modern technologies to improve productivity in farming resulting in environmentally friendly farming and higher profit for the farmers. It involves efficient farm management that utilizes technologies such as GPS receivers;GIS data bases;grid soil sampling;variable-rate application equipment for seed, fertilizers, and pesticides;irrigation;yield monitors;sensors for detecting soil fertility and weed populations;and remote sensing imagery. This paper will report efforts to initiate "precision farming" implementation and research at University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES).UMES is an 1890 land grant historically black university and it's mission is consistent with the goals of the endeavor which includes (i) integration of advanced technologies in agricultural practices at UMES with a view to improve productivity with due emphasis on research, education and outreach;(ii) environmental stewardship and (iii) remote observation and analysis. While all aspects of "Precision Agriculture" will be integrated with the project, the initial phase involves (a) extensive data collection to record yield variability using GPS (Global Positioning System) integrated yield monitor, (b) correlating the yield data with the soil characteristics and other pertinent factors to come up with recommendations for variable rate nutrient application, (c) use of GIS (Geographical Information System) databases and maps to record and visualize the data to facilitate interpretation.

关键词： engineering education

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Relative reactivity of contaminant candidate list pesticides to OH radical oxidation

Relative reactivity of contaminant candidate list pesticides...

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2005 Water Quality Technology Conference, WQTC 2005

作者： Shemer, Hilla Sharpless, Charles M. Suffet, I.H. Elovitz, Michael S. Linden, Karl G. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Box 90287 Durham NC 27708-0287 United States Department of Chemistry University of Mary Washington Fredericksburg VA United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles CA United States Water Supply and Water Resources Division U.S. EPA Cincinnati OH United States

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