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Nonuniform organic carbon stock loss in soils across disturbed blue carbon ecosystems

Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-15页

作者： Fu, Chuancheng Klein, Shannon G. Breavington, Jessica Lim, Kah Kheng Steckbauer, Alexandra Duarte, Carlos M. Marine Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia

Conserving blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) has gained international attention in climate change mitigation, reflected in United Nations policies and voluntary carbon-offset projects. These efforts assume significant and uniform losses of soil organic carbon (C_org) throughout the top meter following disturbances, yet this assumption lacks robust empirical support. Here, we synthesized 239 paired observations of intact and disturbed BCEs globally. Soil C_org stock losses in the top meters vary widely: from −68.4% (agricultural conversion, ±13.4%, 95% confidence interval) to +0.8% (harvesting, ±46.2%) in mangroves, −25.9% (climate/hydrological change, ± 30.7%) to +48.6% (grazing, ±78.7%) in saltmarshes, and −34.2% (vegetation cover damage, ±22.4%) to −27.4% (dredging, ±33.6%) in seagrasses. Extensive disturbances deplete C_org down to 50–200 cm, while limited disturbances impact only the top 10–30 cm or resulted in negligible losses. This refinement contributes to improved global inventories of greenhouse gas emissions from BCEs, supporting abatement policy settings for nationally determined contributions commitments. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Impact of discharge gas on a novel continuous flow in-liquid plasma discharge process for cobalt remediation and recovery from wastewater

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Journal of environmental Management 2025年 384卷 125570页

作者： Mohotti, Dinithi Hossain, Md Mokter Mukhtar, Ahmad Wu, Sarah Environmental Science Program University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States

Cobalt contamination in wastewater poses significant health and environmental risks, necessitating efficient removal and recovery strategies. This study examines the role of various discharge gases-air, argon, hydrogen, and helium-in optimizing cobalt removal/recovery and energy efficiency using a novel continuous flow in-liquid plasma discharge (CFILPD) process. The effect of gas flow rate and applied power were assessed with air and argon to determine optimal conditions for maximizing cobalt removal. In air discharge, increased gas flow rate reduced cobalt removal due to the formation of acidic reactive species, whereas argon flow rate had no significant impact. Under the optimal operating condition at 200 W and 0.2 L/min gas flow, cobalt removal after 30-min treatment followed the trend: hydrogen (92 %) > helium (90 %) > argon (89 %) > air (74 %). Introduction of discharge gases enhanced energy efficiency of the CFILPD process by 34.5 % compared to gas-free operation. Helium gas yielded the highest energy efficiency (0.393 g/kWh) during the first 20 min, with similar result observed for argon, and both showed fastest kinetics in cobalt removal. The process yielded cobalt oxide particles as the sole byproduct, offering economic value for industrial applications. Morphological analysis revealed that particles recovered with argon exhibited smoother surfaces, while those obtained using air, helium, and hydrogen displayed porous structures. These findings underscore the potential of the CFILPD process as an effective and energy-efficient method for cobalt removal and recovery from wastewater, with argon emerging as the most cost-effective option. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Wastewater reclamation

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Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Structures

Zero Thermal Expansion Metamaterial Designs for Space Struct...

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AIAA science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Lu, Wei-Chun Oudghiri-Idrissi, Othman Poli, Andrea Arruda, Ellen M. Tol, Serife Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States Fariborz Maseeh Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program University of Michigan 2350 Hayward St Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The precision of space structures is sensitive to high-temperature variation during on-orbit operations. This work develops zero thermal expansion (ZTE) metamaterials that can be integrated into space structures to restrict large thermal deformation under precision requirements. The proposed bi-material ZTE metamaterial beams show extremely low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) for a wide temperature variation. Static and dynamic analyses are conducted on the designed metamaterials for performance evaluation. The proposed ZTE beam elements are integrated into a 48-meter rib of a space RF antenna to enhance its thermal precision over a wide temperature range. Further, experimental validation of the ZTE truss beam design is conducted in a thermal chamber to demonstrate its low thermal deformation compared to a reference aluminum truss beam. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trusses

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Porous Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/copper oxide nanocomposite membranes for piezoelectric strain sensing

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Discover Applied sciences 2025年第5期7卷 1-17页

作者： Al-Ejji, Maryam Promi, Tamanna Sangor, Farah Al-Awa, Zinab Bonthula, Sumalatha Radhika, V. Ponnamma, Deepalekshmi Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University P O Box 2713 Doha Qatar Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Qatar University P O Box 2713 Doha Qatar Department of Chemical Engineering University of Calicut Kerala Thenhipallam India Materials Science and Technology Program Department of Mathematics Statistics and Physics College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar

The emerging field of porous piezoelectric strain sensors attracted a wide range of applications in healthcare monitoring, wearable electronics, and other dynamic applications due to their durability, high sensitivity, and real-time monitoring. This study presents the development of porous poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/copper oxide (CuO) nanocomposite membranes for piezoelectric strain sensing. The morphology and the dispersion of CuO nanoparticles and nanofibers in PVDF piezoelectric films with different nano-CuO contents are studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy and dielectric studies. The PVDF-HFP acts as a scaffold, allowing ions to flow within the porous percolated channels, resulting in a highly robust membrane with desired dielectric properties. The DMA studies enhanced the strain sensing performance of the 3.5 and 7 wt.% CuO nanofibers loaded with PVDF-HFP membranes compared with the 3.5 and 7 wt.% CuO nanoparticles and pristine membranes. The dielectric properties of the composites also showed high storage values for the CuO/PVDF-HFP samples compared to the pristine polymer. Moreover, the surface water contact angles of the membranes have slightly increased after loading the nanomaterial into the PVDF-HFP matrix, which strongly influenced the surface energies, indicating hydrophobicity. The current study, thus, demonstrates the piezoelectric strain sensing devices made from PVDF-HFP/CuO nanofibers for humid atmospheres. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Ultrathin carbon biphenylene network as an anisotropic thermoelectric material with high temperature stability under mechanical strain

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Physical Review Materials 2025年第2期9卷 024003-024003页

作者： Gözde Özbal Sargin Salih Demirci Kai Gong V. Ongun Özçelik Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey Materials Science and Nano Engineering Program Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey Department of Physics Kirikkale University Kirikkale 71450 Turkey Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Texas 77005 USA

Carbon biphenylene network (C-BPN), which is an ultrathin material consisting of carbon atoms arranged in square-hexagonal-octagonal (4-6-8) periodic rings, has intriguing properties for nano-scale device design due to its unique crystal structure. Here, using the Landauer formalism in combination with first-principles calculations, we show that C-BPN is a highly stable thermoelectric material at elevated temperatures under mechanical strain, where its thermoelectric efficiency can be anisotropically engineered. Transport calculations reveal that C-BPN's transmission spectrum has significant degrees of directional anisotropy and it undergoes a metal-insulator transition under strain, which leads to an increase in its Seebeck coefficient. C-BPN's lattice thermal conductance can be selectively tuned up to 35% bidirectionally at room temperature by strain engineering. Enhancement in its power factor and the suppression of its lattice thermal conductance improves the p-type figure of merit up to 0.31 and 0.46 at 300 and 500 K, respectively. Our findings reveal that C-BPN has high potency to be used in thermoelectric nanodevices with selective anisotropic properties at elevated temperatures.

关键词： Metal insulator transition

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Integrating clustering algorithms and machine learning to optimize regional snapshot municipal solid waste management for achieving sustainable development goals

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environmental Advances 2025年 19卷

作者： Taweesan, Achara Kanabkaew, Thongchai Surinkul, Nawatch Polprasert, Chongrak Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science Ramkhamhaeng University Bangkok Thailand Occupational and Environmental Health Program Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand

Effective municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is essential for sustainable urban development, significantly impacting environmental health, economic efficiency, and social well-being. It aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG11), which aims to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable by ensuring waste is safely managed from collection to disposal. This study evaluates the performance of MSWM practices across various cities in different regions, updated as of March 2023, to assess the achievement of SDG11. By reviewing published literature and conducting questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews with government authorities and service providers, data on access to managed MSW facilities were collected from 470 cities across various income-level regions to monitor MSWM progress toward SDG11 targets. Clustering algorithms and machine learning were employed to identify patterns and enhance MSWM practices across these regions, focusing on achieving SDG11. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified four clusters based on MSWM performance: high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income regions. The developed decision-tree models provided a comprehensive analysis of effective MSW collection and disposal, achieving accuracies of approximately 75 % and 73 %, respectively. The models highlighted the importance of high collection coverage, proper disposal facilities, and robust institutional frameworks in achieving effective MSWM. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and advanced analytical methods to enhance regional MSWM strategies, supporting the attainment of SDG11. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Clustering algorithms Collection efficiency Machine learning Municipal solid waste management Sustainable development goal Treatment efficiency Waste management practices

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Assessing the Potential of Biodegradable Plastics in a Circular Economy: A Methodological Outlook

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2025年第2期5卷 1291-1305页

作者： Scheers, Quinten Nimmegeers, Philippe Galant, Or Spatari, Sabrina Van den Brande, Niko Brancart, Joost Billen, Pieter Faculty of Applied Engineering Intelligence in Processes Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS) University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp 2020 Belgium Faculty of Business and Economics Department of Engineering Management Environmental Economics (EnvEcon) University of Antwerp Prinsstraat 13 Antwerp 2000 Belgium Flanders Make@UAntwerp Antwerp 2000 Belgium Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Grand Technion Energy Program Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Valhallavägen 81 Stockholm 11428 Sweden

Increased biodegradability, in other words reduced environmental recalcitrance, has the potential to be an important asset in the battle against plastics pollution. It can partially mitigate global plastic leakages into the environment, which is next to their impact on climate change the biggest concern regarding plastics use. Biodegradation should be regarded as an optimal safety net in many applications and should often not be the targeted waste management option for biodegradable plastics. Biodegradability should not preclude reuse or proper recyclability, which are impactful means to reduce the carbon intensity of plastics lifecycles. Despite the added advantages, the market penetration of biodegradable plastics is only very slowly growing. Moreover, policy recommends its use only in limited applications, driven by sometimes-higher cost and limited recyclability. In this article, we posit that arguments against widespread application of biodegradable plastics are largely driven by misperceptions arising from intrinsic limitations of contemporary sustainability assessments and offer an alternative viewpoint that could compensate for this. In general, sustainability assessments fail to properly assess learning curves, often do not take littering potential into account, and are rather conservative with respect to background systems. Hence, recyclability– or better: circularity– judgements often do not resolve the paradoxical situation in which increased market shares lead to easier and more profitable recycling schemes and vice versa. Judging disruptive innovations by incorporating thermodynamics-inspired, less data-intensive, state-based methods, based on, e.g., statistical entropy analysis, into the decision support framework could allow to forecast packaging markets with performant materials that are intrinsically circular, having reduced environmental recalcitrance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Biodegradable Plastics Decision Making Statistical Entropy Sustainability Assessments

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Elucidating the phytotoxic endpoints of sub-chronic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Endemic Persian Dracocephalum species

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Chemosphere 2025年 370卷 143853页

作者： Chahardoli, Azam Karimi, Naser Sharifan, Hamidreza Department of Biology Faculty of Science Razi University Kermanshah Iran Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at El Paso TX United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso TX United States

This study was designed to investigate the dichotomous effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) at varying concentrations (0, 50, 100, 1000, and 2500 ppm) on the physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative defense responses of Persian dragonhead plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions. Over 21 days of treatment, an increase in fresh shoot biomass by 26.2% and plant height by 18.2% was observed at exposure to 50 ppm TiO2NPs. Exposure to 100 ppm NPs negatively affected the biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll pigments (a, b, and total), and protein content. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed TiO2NPs deposition within intercellular spaces and cell walls of root tissues. The physiological stress was prominent in response to 2500 ppm NPs as evidenced by a significant increase in proline and sugar content compared to the control. The enzymatic antioxidative defense was significantly upregulated by the enhanced activity of catalase (CAT) across exposure ranges 100–2500 ppm NPs, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) at 100 and 2500 ppm NPs, and peroxidase (POD) at 100 ppm NPs in plant roots. The antioxidant proficiency was further corroborated by increases in total flavonoids by 30.43% at 2500 ppm, saponins by 253.7%, and iridoids by 22.3% at 100 ppm NPs, relative to control. The results suggest that TiO2NPs fostered growth promotion at sub-lethal doses, and induced adverse biochemical changes at elevated concentrations, prompting the activation of intrinsic defense mechanisms to enhance plant resilience against NPs stresses. The optimal nano-stimulation performance was observed at 50 ppm TiO2NPs, which was suggested for the high yield targets, signifying a potential boon for agricultural productivity. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Versatile Test Reactor Open Digital engineering Ecosystem

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Insight 2025年第1期28卷 64-68页

作者： Ritter, Christopher Browning, Jeren Suyderhoud, Peter Hays, Ross Marshall, AnnMarie Han, Kevin Ashbocker, Taylor Darrington, John Nelson, Lee Idaho National Laboratory Department of Digital Systems & Engineering Versatile Test Reactor Program Idaho FallsID83401 United States Pivotal Solutions 3 Grace Avenue Suite 162 Great NeckNY11021 United States North Carolina State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 205 N. Mathews Ave. UrbanaIL61801 United States

Modern design of nuclear facilities represents unique challenges: enabling the design of complex advanced concepts, supporting geographically dispersed teams, and supporting first-of-a-kind system development. Errors made early in design can introduce silent errors. These errors can cascade causing unknown risk of complex engineering programs. The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) program uses digital-engineering principles for design, procurement, construction, and operation to reduce risk and improve efficiencies. Digital engineering is an integrated, model-based approach which connects proven digital tools such as building information management (BIM), project controls, and systems-engineering software tools into a cohesive environment. The VTR team hypothesizes using these principals can lead to similar risk and cost reductions and schedule efficiencies observed in other engineering industries. This research investigates the use of a digital engineering ecosystem in the design of a 300-MWt sodium-cooled fast reactor. This ecosystem was deployed to over 200 engineers and used to deliver the conceptual design of the VTR. We conclude that initial results show significant reductions in user latency (1000x at peak use), the possibility of direct finite-element-analysis (FEA) integrations to computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and nuclear reactor system design descriptions (SDDs) that we can fully link throughout design in data-driven requirements-management software. These early results led to the VTR maintaining milestone performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 by Idaho National Laboratory. Published by INCOSE with permission.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactors

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Mapping climate change interaction with human health through DPSIR framework: Qatar perspective

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Heliyon 2025年第3期11卷 e42455页

作者： Eldos, Haneen I. Tahir, Furqan Athira, U.N. Mohamed, Hend O. Samuel, Bincy Skariah, Sini Al-Ghamdi, Sami G. Al-Ansari, Tareq Sultan, Ali A. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar Doha Qatar Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar

This study investigates the interactions between climate change and human health with a particular focus on Qatar, using the DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, States, Impacts, Responses) framework. Key drivers, including economic development and population growth, contribute to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exerting pressure on Qatar's climate through rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, as modeled by the MIT Regional Climate Model (MRCM). The findings reveal critical gaps in understanding the state of climate-health interactions, including insufficient disease data, incomplete climate-health linkages, and significant research gaps. These limitations hinder targeted responses to climate-sensitive diseases, which have shown an increase over the years. The study identifies the pathways through which climatic shifts contribute to immediate health risks, such as heat-related illnesses and respiratory conditions, as well as long-term impacts, including chronic diseases and mental health challenges. Despite Qatar's efforts through national and international strategies, the DPSIR analysis highlights the urgent need for enhanced research, improved data collection, and tailored actions to address these challenges. Strengthened adaptation, resilience-building, and emission reduction strategies remain essential for safeguarding public health in the face of accelerating climate change. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Climate change impacts Heat-related illness Human health Qatar Vector-borne diseases

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