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21st Annual International Conference on Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water 2005

作者： Mikula, J.B. Clark, S.E. Baker, K.H. School of Science Engineering and Technology Environmental Engineering Program Penn State Harrisburg 777 West Harrisburg Pike Middletown PA 17057 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781604239522

Urbanization has been responsible for an increase in the amount of impervious surfaces, leading to an increase in stormwater runoff and a decrease in groundwater recharge. Stormwater runoff contains pollutants, such as nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals, solids, organic compounds, pesticides, and chlorides, which have greatly contributed to the degradation of receiving waters due to surface discharge of stormwater. This has prompted stormwater managers to consider implementing more infiltration practices into their designs. However, past studies have shown that infiltrating stormwater could contaminate the groundwater, and in some cases, contamination actually has occurred. Therefore, methods for easily predicting contamination potential need to be developed. Stormwater pollutants interact with the soils in the unsaturated zone as they migrate towards the groundwater. The specific type of soil and its properties have a profound effect on the movement of water and pollutants. For this research, zinc and sodium chloride were chosen as the pollutants of interest because of their stormwater prevalence, solubility, and differing migration rates. Through the use of the SESOIL model, factors such as pollutant concentration, rainfall, vadose zone thickness, intrinsic permeability, organic content, and soil pH were evaluated to determine which ones likely have the greatest influence on pollutant migration. A factorial analysis (26 full factorial) was used to evaluate the effects of these factors on the maximum penetration depth of zinc and sodium chloride. High and low values for the factors were selected from the literature and the NRCS soils database. The pollutants were treated as separate ions (Zn+2, Na+, CI-), and the length of each simulation was set at one year. Results indicated that rainfall was a common factor controlling Zn+2, Na +, and CI- migration. Concentration was also influential in Zn+2 migration, while intrinsic permeability affected Na + and CI-.

关键词： Infiltration

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Submicrometer particle formation and mercury speciation under oxygen-carbon dioxide coal combustion

Submicrometer particle formation and mercury speciation unde...

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22nd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2005, PCC 2005

作者： Suriyawong, Achariya Gamble, Michael Lee, Myong-Hwa Axelbaum, Richard Biswas, Pratim Environmental Engineering Science Program Washington University Campus Box 1180 St. Louis MO 63130 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781627480949

To design more effective capture technologies, it is desirable to have higher concentrations of carbon dioxide (conventional systems have a CO 2 concentration of approximately 13%) in coal combustor exhaust gas streams. To overcome this issue of low CO2 concentrations in coal combustion exhausts, it has been proposed that combustion of coal in CO 2/O2 mixtures may allow the enrichment of carbon dioxide to about 95%. This is achieved by the use of enriched oxygen (eliminating the nitrogen diluent in air, thus reducing NOX emissions) in the feed stream, and recycling the exhaust gases- resulting in an enrichment of carbon dioxide. While the emission of certain pollutants such as NOX is eliminated, and the capture of CO2 potentially enhanced, the effects of this combustion system on other pollutants, such as the fine fraction of particulate matter (PM), have not yet been explored. Since the submicrometer ash particles are formed by means of vaporization, nucleation, condensation and coagulation mechanisms, their characteristics could be altered under carbon dioxide-oxygen combustion conditions, and may affect the removal efficiency in particulate control devices. An experimental study was performed to map out the variations in the particle size distribution under a variety of combustion conditions: conventional (with air), and different CO2/O2 ratios. Real time aerosol instruments were used to measure the resultant size distributions of the submicrometer mode at the exhaust of a laboratory scale combustor burning Powder River Basin (PRB) coal seams. Distinct differences were observed, and attributed due to altered combustion conditions in the presence of higher carbon dioxide concentrations. While clear differences were observed in the particle size distributions, no differences were observed in the mercury speciation. © (2005) by the International Pittsburgh Coal Conference.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Optimizing management efforts for sustainable long-range water supply planning

Optimizing management efforts for sustainable long-range wat...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of environmental and Water Concerns

作者： Titcomb, Viktoria Zoltay Kirshen, Paul H. Vogel, Richard M. Tufts University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Water: Systems Science and Society Program Medford MA 02155 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0784408564

Complex watershed models with decision support systems (DSS) have been developed to aid in integrated water resources management (IWRM) and sustainable water supply planning. Detailed simulation models are important in determining operations policy but there is also a need for screening models that can compare a full range of management options before developing detailed site specific IWRM models. This study is an initial effort to develop a generic, optimization model and DSS that considers a comprehensive set of options for managing the quantity, quality, routing and use of water throughout the watershed including traditional water sources, direct and indirect water reuse, groundwater banking, demand management and land use management. The model is developed in accessible, familiar software with a user interface to facilitate the application of the model. A DSS is integrated in the interface to provide extensive output analysis to aid in recognizing and understanding relationships and tradeoffs, thereby supporting informed decision making. © 2006 ASCE.

关键词： Water supply

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Waste Plastics and Microplastics in Africa: Negative Impacts and Opportunities

Waste Plastics and Microplastics in Africa: Negative Impacts...

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2021 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Abdellatif, Gaber Mahmoud, Ahmed S. Peters, Robert W. Mostafa, Mohamed K. Environmental Engineering Program Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza Egypt Badr Egypt Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham BirminghamAL United States Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781713852834

Waste plastics and microplastic pollution are two of the most pressing global issues during the past few decades, since the beginning of plastic mass production either for direct use in packaging and plastic products, or for indirect use for plastic dependent industries. The issue is even more problematic for Africa due to the late catch-up of the industrialization and urbanization boom for most of the African countries, which is usually accompanied with intensive production, consumption, and waste generation of plastics. Moreover, the growing population, cheaper costs of plastic products, and minor importance of environmental conservation in developing countries in Africa are making it an easy choice to expand in plastic use and wastage. African countries have imported about 172 Mton of polymers and plastics valued between 1990 and 2017, and the per capita consumption of plastic in Africa in 2015 was 16 kg/capita/year. While plastic is very important for populations, inappropriate disposal or treatment of plastic waste can introduce hazardous and toxic materials to our environment and ecosystem like microplastics that usually consists of persistent polymers, and other toxic plastic additives like plasticizers, antioxidants, and stabilizers. Moreover, 79% of plastic waste worldwide is being discharged to landfills or open environments. That's why mixed plastic waste was listed as hazardous waste in the Basel Convention. Therefore, this paper provides a review of the life cycle of plastics in. Production and importing will be discussed, important usages will also be elaborated, and most importantly plastic waste production and current plastic waste management techniques will be evaluated and highlighted, and drawbacks of current strategies will be addressed. Finally, recommendations about better waste management strategies will be provided. © 2021 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plastic products

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Study on the accessibility of water sources to meet the water needs of rural communities in semi-arid regions of Indonesia 3

Study on the accessibility of water sources to meet the wate...

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3rd International Conference on Eco engineering Development, ICEED 2019

作者： Messakh, Jakobis Johanis Punuf, Defritus Aldrin Study Program of Environmental Science Postgraduate Program Universitas Nusa Cendana Indonesia Study Program of Building Engineering Education Universitas Nusa Cendana Indonesia Study Program of Geography Education Universitas Nusa Cendana Indonesia

There are a large number of people in the world who live without an adequate supply of clean water, and spend hours to get clean water. For this reason, access to water and water sources is one of the main keys to meeting the needs of the community's clean water, specifically rural communities in the semi-arid regions of Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the extent to which access to clean water sources affects the patterns of water use and fulfillment of rural communities. The method used is a survey completed with a questionnaire and observation. The object of the research was the rural water user community in TTS Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province with a total of 87 families, and water sources in the study area. Samples were divided into three areas which were categorized as dry, normal and wet. based on the analysis of rainfall data at 14 rain stations. The results showed an average water use level of 49 Lpcd (SD = 25) and the distance to the water source as far as 521 m (SD = 1100). There is a negative correlation between the distance of the water source and the amount of clean water used. Water availability factors affect water usage more than long distances but can be reached. This study also found that the use of clean water by the community is adaptive to the availability of water according to environmental conditions. This study recommends the importance of handling clean water issues according to the characteristics of each different region. © 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Rain

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Application of airport meteorological data for the determination of atmospheric mixing height

Application of airport meteorological data for the determina...

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Canadian Society for Civil engineering - 1999 Annual Conference

作者： Cheng, S.Y. Huang, G.H. Chakma, A. Rong, X. Hao, R.X. Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Sask. S4S 0A2 Canada Environmental Engineering Department Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China

Mixing height is a major meteorological factor affecting pollutant dispersion in the vertical direction. It has been commonly used in air quality models. Usually adiabatic method and Nozaki model are used for determining the mixing height. The adiabatic method needs daily sounding data while the Nozaki method requires extensive meteorological information. However, these data are unavailable in meteorological stations. On the other hand, in order to provide meteorological service for air transport, many airports carry out hourly measurements of temperature, wind, humidity, cloudiness, visibility and atmospheric pressure on the ground, and daily sounding measurements of temperature, humidity and wind at different heights. These data can be used in both adiabatic and Nozaki models to determine the mixing heights. In this study, ground and sounding meteorological data at Shijiazhuang Airport (China) during 1988-1993 were collected for estimating the mixing height over Shijiazhuang area. The feasibility of using airport meteorological data to determine the mixing height was the major focus of this research. Also, the Nozaki method was modified for better reflecting local meteorological conditions through introduction of joint frequencies for wind and stability into the modeling framework. The dry adiabatic method is based on daily sounding meteorological data to determine the mixing height at the intersection of a dry adiabatic line and a temperature profile sounded at early morning. The mixing heights obtained by the modified Nozaki method were verified through error analysis. The observed vertical SO2-concentration profiles provided by the China Institute of environmental science indicate that good agreements between observed and estimated values were obtained, thus confirming the feasibility of utilizing airport meteorological data for determining the mixing height.

关键词： Meteorology

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Study on new treatment process of dyeing wastewater using Iron Filings Filter and Sequencing Batch Reactor

Study on new treatment process of dyeing wastewater using Ir...

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2000 Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil engineering

作者： Hao, R.X. Cheng, S.Y. Huang, Q.X. Luo, X.N. Luo, R.M. Liu, L. Faculty of Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Sask. S4S 0A2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0921303912

In order to solve serious contamination from hard biodegradable dyeing wastewater, a new treatment process was proposed, which consists of two main parts: Iron Fillings Filter (IFF) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). After the wastewater pretreated with IFF it became easier to be biodegraded in SBR due to fact that its BOD5/COD value rose over 0.35, which increased the rate of biochemical reaction and removal efficiency of COD. When the wastewater with COD of 1000 - 1500mg/L, BOD5 of 200 - 400mg/L and color of 200 - 800 times, through the treatment technology, the removal efficiencies of COD reached 85%, and these of BOD5 and color were over 90%. The study has opened a new attempt for the treatment of hard biodegradable dyeing wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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AstroPix: A Pixelated HVCMOS Sensor for Space-Based Gamma-Ray Measurement

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Caputo, Regina Violette, Daniel P. Affolder, Anthony Bauman, Autumn Chinatti, Carolyn Deshmukh, Aware Fadayev, Vitaliy Fukazawa, Yasushi Jadhav, Manoj Kierans, Carolyn Kim, Bobae Kim, Jihee Klest, Henry Kroger, Olivia Kumar, Kavic Kushima, Shin Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Leys, Richard Martinez-Mckinney, Forest Metcalfe, Jessica Metzler, Zachary Mitchell, John W. Nakano, Norito Ott, Jennifer Peric, Ivan Perkins, Jeremy S. Rudin, Max R. Shin, Taylor K.W. Sommer, Grant Striebig, Nicolas Suda, Yusuke Tajima, Hiroyasu Valverde, Janeth Zurek, Maria NASA Postdoctoral Program NASA Goddard Space Flight Center MD United States University of California Santa CruzCA United States University of Colorado DenverCO United States NASA Office of STEM Engagement WashingtonDC United States Carleton College Minnesota United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology Maryland United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Japan Argonne National Laboratory Illinois United States University of Maryland MD United States Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Japan Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Germany Rice University TX United States The George Washington University WashingtonDC United States Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Japan Department of Physics Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore CountyMD United States

A next-generation medium-energy gamma-ray telescope targeting the MeV range would address open questions in astrophysics regarding how extreme conditions accelerate cosmic-ray particles, produce relativistic jet outflows, and more. One concept, AMEGO-X, relies upon the mission-enabling CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor silicon chip AstroPix. AstroPix is designed for space-based use, featuring low noise, low power consumption, and high scalability. Desired performance of the device include an energy resolution of 5 keV (or 10% FWHM) at 122 keV and a dynamic range per-pixel of 25 − 700 keV, enabled by the addition of a high-voltage bias to each pixel which supports a depletion depth of 500 μm. This work reports on the status of the AstroPix development process with emphasis on the current version under test, version three (v3), and highlights of version two (v2). Version 3 achieves energy resolution of 10.4 ± 3.2% at 59.5 keV and 94 ± 6 μm depletion in a low-resistivity test silicon substrate. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmology

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比较三种稳定剂对FeS纳米颗粒的稳定效果及对水土中镉的固定与去除性能的影响

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第4期31卷 1064-1075页

作者：田舒婷赵东叶霍丽娟马骏杨睿 Department of Environmental Science School of Environment and ResourcesTaiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil&Environmental EngineeringAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of Civil Constructionand Environmental EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA

本研究评估了三种多糖稳定剂(羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS)和一种水溶性淀粉)用于稳定FeS纳米颗粒的有效性,并测试了相应稳定化纳米颗粒在水和土壤中固定Cd^(2+)的性能。使用0.010 wt%CMC、0.025 wt%CMS或0.065 wt%淀粉可获... 详细信息

本研究评估了三种多糖稳定剂(羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS)和一种水溶性淀粉)用于稳定FeS纳米颗粒的有效性,并测试了相应稳定化纳米颗粒在水和土壤中固定Cd^(2+)的性能。使用0.010 wt%CMC、0.025 wt%CMS或0.065 wt%淀粉可获得完全稳定的FeS纳米颗粒(100 mg/L FeS)。CMC-FeS表现出较高的zeta负电位,淀粉-FeS保持中性,而CMS-FeS则表现出中等负电位。CMCFeS对Cd^(2+)的吸附速率最快,吸附容量也最高。当用100 mg/L CMC-FeS或CMS-FeS处理一种含Cd土壤(58.3 mg/kg Cd)后,Cd的TCLP浸出率分别降低了88.4%和68.0%。CMC-FeS和CMS-FeS均可在模型土壤中运移,显示出其在土壤中原位固定Cd^(2+)方面的潜力。土壤穿透曲线实验表明,CMC-FeS在4.5个孔体积,CMS-FeS在约25个孔体积处几乎完全穿透。柱实验结果表明,当用55个孔体积的CMC-FeS或CMS-FeS悬浮液(100 mg/L)处理该含Cd土壤后,Cd的水浸出率分别降低了98.2%和98.0%。根据目标污染物、材料在土壤中的传输特性和材料成本,可找到这三种稳定剂在土壤修复中的最佳应用。

关键词：硫化铁纳米颗粒稳定剂重金属污染物固定土壤修复地下水污染

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Planting density affected biomass and grain yield of maize for seed production in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第2期10卷 292-303页

作者： JIANG Xuelian TONG Ling KANG Shaozhong LI Fusheng LI Donghao QIN Yonghui SHI Rongchao LI Jianbing Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Weifang University College of Agriculture Guangxi University Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia

Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015 in an arid region of Northwest China to investigate the effects of planting density on plant growth, yield, and water use efficiency（WUE） of maize for seed production. Five planting densities of 6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 and 12.75 plants/m^2 were conducted in 2012, and a planting density of 14.25 plants/m^2 was added from 2013 to 2015. Through comparison with the Aqua Crop yield model, a modified model was developed to estimate the biomass accumulation and yield under different planting densities using adjustment coefficient for normalized biomass water productivity and harvest index. It was found that the modified yield model had a better performance and could generate results with higher determination coefficient and lower error. The results indicated that higher planting density increased the leaf area index and biomass accumulation, but decreased the biomass accumulation per plant. The total yield increased rapidly as planting density increased to 11.25 plants/m^2, but only a slight increase was observed when the density was greater than 11.25 plants/m^2. The WUE also reached the maximum when planting density was 11.25 plants/m^2, which was the recommended planting density of maize for seed production in Northwest China.

关键词： planting density yield model biomass accumulation grain yield water use efficiency Northwest China

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