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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Yawen Hannigan, Michael Lv, Qin Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Environmental Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States

Air pollution is a major global environmental health threat, in particular for people who live or work near pollution sources. Areas adjacent to pollution sources often have high ambient pollution concentrations, and those areas are commonly referred to as air pollution hotspots. Detecting and characterizing pollution hotspots are of great importance for air quality management, but are challenging due to the high spatial and temporal variability of air pollutants. In this work, we explore the use of mobile sensing data (i.e., air quality sensors installed on vehicles) to detect pollution hotspots. One major challenge with mobile sensing data is uneven sampling, i.e., data collection can vary by both space and time. To address this challenge, we propose a two-step approach to detect hotspots from mobile sensing data, which includes local spike detection and sample-weighted clustering. Essentially, this approach tackles the uneven sampling issue by weighting samples based on their spatial frequency and temporal hit rate, so as to identify robust and persistent hotspots. To contextualize the hotspots and discover potential pollution source characteristics, we explore a variety of cross-domain urban data and extract features from them. As a soft-validation of the extracted features, we build hotspot inference models for cities with and without mobile sensing data. Evaluation results using real-world mobile sensing air quality data as well as cross-domain urban data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting and inferring pollution hotspots. Furthermore, the empirical analysis of hotspots and source features yields useful insights regarding neighborhood pollution sources. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Air quality

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Perception of Disasters and Land Reclamation in an Informal Settlement on Reclaimed Land:Case of the BASECO Compound,Manila,the Philippines

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2020年第5期11卷 640-654页

作者： Ven Paolo Bruno Valenzuela Miguel Esteban Onuki Motoharu Graduate Program in Sustainability Science-Global Leadership Initiative The University of TokyoKashiwaChiba 277-8563Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Waseda UniversityTokyo 169-8555Japan

Southeast Asia's coastal urban areas continue to grow,with land reclamation fast becoming an important option for megacities to address issues of economic growth and increasing population *** are divided over the advantages and disadvantages of land reclamation,though this process continues unabated,exposing settlements to coastal *** Bataan Shipping and engineering Company(BASECO)compound is an informal settlement on reclaimed land in Manila,the *** informal coastal settlements view disaster risk and their more pressing socioeconomic needs is crucial to understanding the potentials and repercussions of land *** a topographic survey,a questionnaire survey,and the protective action decision model,this study explored the perception of disasters and land reclamation of informal settlers who are living on reclaimed *** study found that people are aware of disaster risks,but are more concerned with everyday *** are divided on the issue of further land *** on the original non-reclaimed land view it as a coastal defense,while those on reclaimed land fear potential *** this,all locations in the community are concerned with the loss of jobs,economic opportunities,and eviction,rather than potential disasters.

关键词： Coastal hazards Flooding Informal settlements Land reclamation Philippines Risk perception Urbanization

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A Comparison of Three Types of Computer-Based Procedures: An Experiment Using the Rancor Microworld Simulator 67th

A Comparison of Three Types of Computer-Based Procedures: An...

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67th International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2023

作者： Hall, Anna Boring, Ronald L. Ulrich, Thomas A. Lew, Roger Velazquez, Michelle Xing, Jinding Whiting, Tim Makrakis, Georgios Michail Human Factors and Reliability Department Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID United States Virtual Technology and Design Program University of Idaho MoscowID United States Psychology Department Idaho State University Pocatello Idaho United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Computer Science Department Brigham Young University ProvoUT United States Computer Science Department University of Idaho Idaho FallsID United States

The nuclear power industry has historically used paper-based procedures, but a shift towards computer-based procedures (CBPs) has the potential to reduce human errors, alleviate mental workload, and improve work performance. Twentyseven participants were randomly assigned to one of three CBP types using the Rancor Microworld Simulator, and each performed two different types of operational scenarios (startup and loss of feedwater). The three CBP types varied in levels of digitalization. It was hypothesized that there would be less favorable impressions of the most basic procedures, and that these would demonstrate lower usability than types with greater digitalization. Overall, our predictions were partially supported with some interesting caveats, specifically with some performance benefits for CBPs that provided indicators but not embedded controls. We discuss our findings in terms of optimal levels of digitalization/automation within nuclear operations and suggest pathways for future directions. © 2023 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

关键词： Human-system integration Interface evaluation System design and analysis Usability

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Associations between parental and postnatal metal mixture exposure and developmental delays in a Taiwanese longitudinal birth cohort of preschool children

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environmental science and Pollution Research 2023年第55期30卷 117360-117372页

作者： Kao, Chi-Sian Fan, Yen-Tzu Wang, Ying-Lin Chen, Yi-Hua Chao, Hsing-Jasmine Lo, Yu-Chun Jiang, Chuen-Bin Chien, Ling-Chu School of Public Health College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Neuroscience Research Center Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition MacKay Children’s Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan Nutrition Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Studies have evaluated the impact of environmental exposure to neurotoxic metals on developmental delays (DDs). However, comprehensive understanding regarding the associations between parental and postnatal exposure to metal mixtures and the occurrence of DDs in offspring is limited. In this study, we assessed the relationships between parental and postnatal exposure to three metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], and lead [Pb], levels of which were measured in toenails) and suspected DDs (SDDs) in preschool children within a Taiwanese longitudinal birth cohort. In total between 2017 and 2021, 154 pairs of parents and their children under the age of 6 years were recruited, and 462 toenail samples and 154 completed questionnaires were collected. Metal concentrations in toenails were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after acid digestion of the toenails. We applied multivariable logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression to evaluate the overall effect and to identify key components of the metal mixture that were associated with the SDD risk. Higher concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb were found in the toenails of the parents of children with SDDs compared with the toenails of the parents of children without SDDs. Our examination of the combined effects of exposure to the metal mixture revealed that As concentration in the father’s toenail and Cd concentration in the mother’s toenail were positively correlated with the risk of SDDs in their offspring. Notably, the effect of exposure to the metal mixture on the risk of SDDs was stronger in boys than in girls. Our findings suggest that parents taking measures to minimize their exposure to metals might enhance their children’s developmental outcomes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Arsenic

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Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

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European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 19页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-Sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC. Results: The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R² = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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Hydroxyl Radical Streaming from Molecular Oxygen Activation by Β-Fec2o4·2h2o for Efficiently Degrading Microcystin-Lr

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Fu, Qian Mu, Yi Yang, Lixia Wu, Meifeng Zou, Jianping Dionysiou, Dionysios D. Luo, Shenglian Mei, Yi Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang330063 China Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH45221 United States

In this study, β-FeC2O4·2H2O was employed to activate molecular oxygen for the generation of abundant •OH for efficient degradation of toxic Microcystin-LR at ambient conditions. Specifically, dioxygen is selectively reduced to H2O2 through a two-electron transfer pathway on the (022) facet of β-FeC2O4·2H2O, and then H2O2 reacts with Fe(II) to form •OH. The electron utilization efficiency of β-FeC2O4·2H2O toward •OH is high up to 87.7%. In addition, the Fe3+ generated from β-FeC2O4·2H2O oxygenation coordinates with oxalate to form soluble [Fe3+-(C2O42-)2]- complex, avoiding the formation of passivated Fe(III) oxide/hydroxide shell on β-FeC2O4·2H2O. The •OH primarily attacks the conjugated dienes in the Adda side chain of MC-LR. The toxicity assessment by PP2A test shows that the oxidation products are not hepatotoxins. As β-FeC2O4·2H2O governing water treatment is easily manipulated, cost-effective, highly effectual, environmentally benign, it is promising to eliminate MC-LR contamination in natural waters and can be applied in large scale. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular oxygen

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Ozone Pollution Induced-Yield Loss of Major Staple Crops in China and Effects from Covid-19

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Haiyang Tian, Hanqin Wang, Siyuan Chen, Guangsheng Feng, Zhaozhong Liu, Di Zhang, Wenxiu Pan, Shufen State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou311300 China School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology China Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States

Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution can significantly affect crop yield. O3 concentrations are continuously rising in China. However, the long-term impacts of O3 pollution on crop yield over a long-term period have not yet well quantified due to the limitation of accurate spatiotemporal data and extrapolation methods. Based on a high resolution O3 dataset (HrSOD), here we analyzed the spatiotemporal O3 pollution patterns and their impacts on yield and resultant economic losses for wheat, rice, and maize in China during 2005-2020. Our results showed that daytime O3 concentrations (M7) increased by 2%, and AOT40 increased by 10% during 2005-2019. O3 trends diverged before and after China's 2013 Clean Air Action Plan between the southern and northern regions. Based on the observational data collected from literature and O3 gradient experiments in Asia, we fitted the O3 exposure-yield response curves, and then the relative yield loss (RYL) was assessed. Rising O3 pollution reduced national level wheat, rice and maize yields by 12.94-15.52%, 8.91-14.67%, and 4.13-4.9%, respectively, during 2005-2020. The O3-induced yield losses showed large spatiotemporal variations with higher losses in the northern China. Mean annual crop production losses reached 16.48 million tonnes (Mt) for wheat, 22.84 Mt for rice and 9.42 Mt for maize. The corresponding economic losses were USD 5.53 billion for wheat, 10.52 billion for rice and 1.70 billion for maize. While O3 declined across the southern China and the Tibetan Plateau, the northern China has witnessed an increased pollution and crop damage, highlighting the need for targeted mitigation policies in the northern China. Reduced O3 during 2020 COVID-19 lockdown period alleviated crop yield losses, demonstrating that curbing emissions could lessen damage. This long-term and high-resolution analysis provides robust evidence that rising O3 pollution has substantially affected China's staple cereal yields, causing considerable production an

关键词： COVID-19

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Controlling effects of terrestrial organic matter on metal contamination and toxicity risks in port sediments

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Marine Pollution Bulletin 2024年 201卷 116245页

作者： Chen, Chih-Feng Lim, Yee Cheng Wang, Ming-Huang Albarico, Frank Paolo Jay B. Hsu, Chieh-Wei Chen, Chiu-Wen Dong, Cheng-Di Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City81157 Taiwan Center for the Study of Sediments National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City81157 Taiwan Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City81157 Taiwan Sustainable Environment Research Center National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City81157 Taiwan Cross College Elite Tech Program National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City81157 Taiwan

The contents of metals, total carbon, total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), and stable isotope composition (δ13Corg and δ15N) of sediment organic matter (SOM) were investigated to explore the sources and spatial distribution of metals and SOM in the surface sediments (Kaohsiung Port, Taiwan). Results showed that TOC and metals in estuarine sediments are high, gradually decreasing toward the port entrances. The δ13Corg, δ15N, and TOC/TN ratios indicate that SOM comes mainly from terrestrial sources. This study proposes a befitting model between metal pollution and toxicity risk index and SOM sources in port sediments by combining stable isotope composition, correlation matrix, and multiple linear regression analysis. The model indicates that the degree of metal pollution and toxicity risk in sediments are mainly affected by TOCterr content and SOM source. The results help to understand the influence of organic matter sources in port sediments on metal concentration distribution. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nitrogen

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Optimizing cultivation strategies and scaling up for fucoxanthin production using Pavlova sp.

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Bioresource Technology 2024年 399卷 130609页

作者： Chen, Chun-Yen Liu, Ping-Yung Chang, Yu-Han Nagarajan, Dillirani Latagan, Mary Joy D. de Luna, Mark Daniel G. Chen, Jih-Heng Chang, Jo-Shu University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology College of Hydrosphere Science National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Nanzih Campus Kaohsiung City Taiwan Energy Engineering Program National Graduate School of Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Environmental Engineering Program National Graduate School of Engineering University of the Philippines Quezon City Diliman1101 Philippines Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung807 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Chung-Li Taiwan

The microalgal-based production of fucoxanthin has emerged as an imperative research endeavor due to its antioxidant, and anticancer properties. In this study, three brown marine microalgae, namely Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros gracilis, and Pavlova sp., were screened for fucoxanthin production. All strains displayed promising results, with Pavlova sp. exhibiting the highest fucoxanthin content (27.91 mg/g) and productivity (1.16 mg/L·day). Moreover, the influence of various cultivation parameters, such as culture media, salinity, sodium nitrate concentration, inoculum size, light intensity, and iron concentration, were investigated and optimized, resulting in a maximum fucoxanthin productivity of 7.89 mg/L·day. The investigation was further expanded to large-scale outdoor cultivation using 50 L tubular photobioreactors, illustrating the potential of Pavlova sp. and the cultivation process for future commercialization. The biomass and fucoxanthin productivity for the large-scale cultivation were 70.7 mg/L·day and 4.78 mg/L·day, respectively. Overall, the findings demonstrated considerable opportunities for fucoxanthin synthesis via microalgae cultivation and processing. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Microalgae

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Unveiling Microplastics Abundance and Mangrove Reactions: A Comprehensive Study in the Pekalongan Mangrove Area

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Ismanto, Aris Zainuri, Muhammad Hadibarata, Tony Ismunarti, Dwi Haryo Safinatunnajah, Novia Rahmansyah, Raihan Anandra Sugianto, Denny Nugroho Rochaddi, Baskoro Kristanti, Risky Ayu Hernawan, Undang Purbani, Dini Department of Oceanography Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50275 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia Miri CDT 250 Malaysia Department of Marine Science Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50275 Indonesia Research Center for Oceanography National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta14430 Indonesia Research Center for Conservation of Marine Resources and Inland Waters Cibinong16911 Indonesia Diponegoro University Indonesia Curtin University Australia

Mangrove ecosystem in Pekalongan city provides significant ecological functions, biodiversity hot spots, economic and social benefits, ecosystem services, coastal protection, and sources of livelihood for local people in Central Java. Currently, this mangrove ecosystem is undergoing significant degradation, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as waste from the batik industry, textile production, and residential areas., Mangroves, which are a fence between land and sea, are very likely to be exposed to microplastic waste. Waters and sediment samples were analyzed to find the microplastics at mangrove area. The analyzed of shape, size and colors using Microscope Motic SMZ-161 equipped with camera and the functional group of the polymers were analyzed using ATR-FTIR. From this research the microplastics abundance were 109 particles/l from total of all research stations in the water column and 153 particles/kg from total of all research stations in the sediment. The functional group polymer identified the polyamide, polystyrene, rayon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polyester at this research area. The anthropogenic activities in this area will increase waste in the form of microplastics and other chemicals, which will end up in marine waters and can have an impact on the mangrove growth and health. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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