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Impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on the Alkalinity and Salinity of a Coral Reef Lagoon in the Equatorial Pacific—Observations and a Model

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 2025年第6期130卷

作者： Steven J. Lentz Anne L. Cohen Nathaniel R. Mollica Michael Fox Weifeng (Gordon) Zhang Phadtaya Poemnamthip Daniel C. McCorkle Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE) Red Sea Research Center Marine Science Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Woods Hole MA USA

The impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on salinity and alkalinity in an equatorial coral reef lagoon (Kanton) are investigated using water samples collected in three non-El Niño years (1973, 2012, and 2018) and one El Niño year (2015). A one-dimensional, advective-diffusive model is developed to aid in the interpretation of the sparse observations and make estimates of net ecosystem calcification (NEC) rates. The Kanton lagoon experiences extreme salinity and alkalinity variations driven by ENSO variations in precipitation. During the non-El Niño years, salinity increases from the ocean (35.5 psu) to the back of the lagoon (38 psu) because evaporation exceeds precipitation, and water resides in the back of the lagoon for ∼180 days. Early in the 2015–2016 El Niño, the back of the lagoon is only ∼1 psu saltier than the ocean because precipitation had begun to exceed evaporation. The model suggests that during El Niño events, when precipitation substantially exceeds evaporation, the back of the lagoon is less salty than the ocean (30–32 psu). Alkalinity variations in the lagoon are primarily due to dilution or concentration driven by the ENSO variations in precipitation and NEC that causes an alkalinity deficit of ∼250 μmol/kg in the back of the lagoon. The estimated NEC rate in 2015 is ∼25% lower (4.1 mmol/day) than in the non-El Niño years (5.3–5. 7 mmol/day). The NEC rates and coral cover measurements indicate that the Kanton lagoon has recovered from the complete loss of coral cover during the 2002–2003 El Niño. Rainfall variations cause the Kanton lagoon to be much saltier than the ocean between El Niño events and probably much fresher during El Niño events Large variations in alkalinity in the Kanton lagoon are due to dilution driven by precipitation and ecosystem calcification Calcification rate estimates suggest the Kanton lagoon has recovered from a complete loss of coral during the 2002–2003 El Niño This study examines the impact of large variatio

关键词： coral reef lagoon El Nino–Southern Oscillation alkalinity salinity net ecosystem calcification residence time

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A Journey of Laser-Induced Graphene in Water Treatment

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Transactions of the Indian National Academy of engineering 2021年第2期6卷 159-171页

作者： Barbhuiya, Najmul Haque Kumar, Ashish Singh, Swatantra P. Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India

The demand for clean water is increasing due to the increasing population, water pollution, economic development, and climate change. The surfacing of emerging pollutants has put tremendous pressure on the freshwater supply chain. Furthermore, the ineffectiveness of conventional treatment plants in removing these pollutants and adhering to the stringent water quality standards have also increased the troubles in providing safe and clean water to the masses. Thus, advanced water and wastewater treatment technologies are required for fulfilling the growing water demand. Nanomaterials enabled advanced water, and wastewater treatment technologies have shown the potential to deliver clean water. They can also be used to augment water supply by utilizing non-conventional water sources like brackish water and wastewater. Graphene, the wonder material due to its unrivaled physicochemical, electrical, mechanical properties, and functionalization possibilities. Recently, a facile reagent-free method for graphene production was reported using a CO2 laser, termed laser-induced graphene (LIG). Soon after the discovery of this single-step, solvent-free LIG preparation protocol, a plethora of studies have been done across the globe in various fields including, electronics, energy storage, sensors, and water treatment. Here, we have summarized the important LIG studies done in the area of water treatment, which talked about LIG fabrication advancement on a wide variety of carbon substrates for LIG-based filters, membranes, electrodes, and composites for anti-biofouling, antibacterial, pollutant removal, solar thermal distillation, and sensing purposes.

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Reductive immobilization and long-term remobilization of radioactive pertechnetate using bio-macromolecules stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第12期30卷 2163-2168页

作者： Haodong Ji Yangmo Zhu Jun Duan Wen Liu Dongye Zhao The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science Ministry of EducationCollege of Environment Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil EngineeringAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849United States The Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology(BIC-ESAT) Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Environmental Science Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Reductive immobilization of radioactive pertechnetate(99TcO4^-) in simulated groundwater was studied by prepared carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) and starch stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles(nZVI),and long-term remobilization of reduced Tc was also evaluated under anoxic and oxic *** stabilized nZVI can effectively reduce soluble 99Tc(Ⅶ) to insoluble 99 Tc(Ⅳ),and they can be easily delivered into a contaminated groundwater zone and facilitate in situ *** this study,CMCstabilized nZVI showed higher reactivity than that using starch as the *** experiments indicated that more than 99% of 99 Tc(Ⅶ)(CO=12 mg/mL) was reduced and removed from groundwater by CMC-stabilized nZVI with a CMC content of 0.2%(w/w) at a broad pH of 5-8.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses further confirmed that 99Tc(Ⅶ)O4^-transformed into 99Tc(Ⅳ)O2(s).The presence of bicarbonate exhibited insignificant effect on Tc immobilization,while humic acid(HA) inhibited reaction mainly due to retardation on electron transfer and formation of Tc(IV)-HA *** interesting,the immobilized Tc(Ⅳ) remained insoluble even after 120 d under anoxic condition,while only^21 % was remobilized when exposed to ***,biomacromolecules stabilized nZVI nanoparticles could be a viable alternative for in situ remediation of radioactive contamination in groundwater.

关键词： Reductive immobilization Radionuclide Stabilized nanoparticles Zero valent iron Groundwater Technetium

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Deep-sea coral evidence for dissolved mercury evolution in the deep North Pacifi c Ocean over the last 700 years

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1622-1633页

作者： Yang QU Kuidong XU Tao LI Maoyu WANG Huan ZHONG Tianyu CHEN State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of EarthSciences and Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny Institute ofOceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School ofthe EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Environmental and Life Sciences Program(EnLS) Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario K9L 0G2Canada Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for OceanMega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The ocean is an important inventory of anthropogenic mercury(Hg),yet the history of anthropogenic Hg accumulation in the ocean remains largely ***-sea corals are an emerging archive of past ocean chemistry,which take in sinking or suspended particulate organic matter as their food *** organic matter would exchange Hg with the local seawater before being consumed by the deepsea *** such,the organics preserved in the coral skeleton may record the Hg evolution of the ambient seawater during the time of coral ***,we report the first data on Hg concentrations variability of a deep-sea proteinaceous coral in the oligotrophic North Pacific at the water depth of 1249 m,in attempt to understand the transfer of anthropogenic Hg into the deep Pacific ocean over the last seven *** find that the Hg concentrations of different coral growth layers have remained relatively constant albeit with considerable short-term variability through *** overall stable Hg concentration of the last seven centuries recorded in our sample suggests that anthropogenic pollution is not yet a clearly resolvable component in the deep oligotrophic North Pacific waters,in agreement with rece nt estimation from modelling works and observational studies of modern seawater *** there is hardly an unambiguous way to separate anthropogenic Hg from the natural background based on recent seawater profiles,our historical data provide valuable information helping to understand the oceanic cycle of Hg through time.

关键词： deep-sea coral mercury deep water particulate organic matter anthropogenic perturbation

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The effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment in reducing BOD and COD levels: A literature review

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2683卷

作者： Yuli Handayani Syafrudin Syafrudin Suherman Suherman Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

80% of the use of clean water by the community becomes wastewater which must be managed first before being discharged into surface water bodies not to cause disturbances to the water body environment, public health, and environmental aesthetics. This study examines the effectiveness of seven reactors for domestic wastewater treatment in reducing levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). These reactors are the Moving Bed Biofilter Reactor (MBBR) with kaldness media, only MBBR, filtration pipes, the addition of papaya seed bio coagulant, Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), pipes filled with soil, and a combination of filtration and Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). This research was conducted with a descriptive method of literature review. The results showed that the reactors, respectively, reduced BOD levels by 83.3%; 78.9%; 15.75%; 93%; 36.9%; 76%; and 79%. They were able to reduce COD levels by 84.2%; 80.58%; 16.79%; 93%; 67.8%; 58%; and 68%. The addition of papaya seed bio coagulant is the most effective reactor to reduce BOD and COD because it contains tannin compounds that have effective clotting ability.

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A New Strategic Air Pollution Risk Assessment by Considering the Influence of Wind Regimes

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Santos Silva, Jéssica Caroline dos Potgieter-Vermaak, Sanja Westrupp Medeiros, Sandra Helena da Silva, Luiz Vitor Ferreira, Danielli Ventura Moreira, Camila Ariele Bufato de Souza Zorzenão, Priscila Caroline Pauliquevis, Theotonio Godoi, Ana Flávia Locateli de Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira Yamamoto, Carlos Itsuo Moreton Godoi, Ricardo Henrique Postgraduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Paraná Paraná Curitiba Brazil Ecology & Environment Research Centre Department of Natural Science Manchester Metropolitan University ManchesterM1 5GD United Kingdom Molecular Science Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering University of the Region of Joinville Santa Catarina Joinville Brazil Department of Environmental Engineering Federal University of Paraná Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Paraná Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Environmental Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Diadema São Paulo Brazil School of Technology Amazonas State University Amazonas Manaus Brazil

For regulatory purposes, air pollution has been reduced to management of air quality control regions (AQCR), by inventorying pollution sources and identifying the receptors significantly affected. However, beyond being source-dependent, particulate matter can be physically and chemically altered by factors and elements of climate during transport, as they act as local environmental constraints, indirectly modulating the adverse effects of particles on the environment and human health. This case study, at an industrial site in a Brazilian coastal city – Joinville, combines different methodologies to integrate atmospheric dynamics in a strategic risk assessment approach whereby the influence of different wind regimes on environmental and health risks of exposure to PM2.5-bound components, are analysed. Although Joinville AQCR has been prone to stagnation/recirculation events, distinctly different horizontal wind circulation patterns indicate two airsheds within the region. The two sampling sites mirrored these two conditions and as a result we report different PM2.5 mass concentrations, chemical profiles, geo-accumulation, and ecological and human health risks. In addition, feedback mechanisms between the airsheds seem to aggravate the air quality and its effects even under good ventilation conditions. Recognizably, the risks associated with Co, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Zn loadings were extremely high for the environment as well as being the main contributors to elevated non-carcinogenic risks. Meanwhile, higher carcinogenic risks occurred during stagnation/recirculation conditions, with Cr as the major threat. These results highlight the importance of integrating local airshed characteristics into the risk assessment of PM2.5-bound components since they can aggravate air pollution leading to different risks at a granular scale. This new approach to risk assessment can be employed in any city's longer-term development plan since it provides public authorities with a strategic

关键词： Heavy metals

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Knowledge, Awareness, and Resilience of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction in Coastal Area 2

Knowledge, Awareness, and Resilience of Earthquake and Tsuna...

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2nd International Conference on sciences and Technology Applications, ICOSTA 2020

作者： Retno Susilorini, Rr M. I. Febrina, Rina Fitra, Helmia Adita Rajagukguk, Juniastel Wardhani, Dhiyan Krishna Arya Wastanimpuna, B.Y. Nola Prameswari, Laurel Lia Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Central Java50234 Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Malahayati University Bandar Lampung South Sumatera35153 Indonesia Department of Regional and Urban Planning Sumatera Institute of Technology South Lampung South Sumatera35365 Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Medan Medan North Sumatera20221 Indonesia Doctoral Program of Digital Architecture Faculty of Architecture and Design Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Central Java50234 Indonesia

Indonesia is earthquake and tsunami prone areas, included Sumatera Island. Bandar Lampung is also vulnerable to earthquake and tsunami, especially Kangkung fishing village in Lampung Bay. Disaster risk reduction is very important to be implemented in the cases of earthquake and tsunami, which can save more life and build resilience in facing the hazard. This research aimed to study how the knowledge, awareness, and resilience of people in Kangkung fishing village can strengthen the earthquake and tsunami disaster risk reduction. This research conducted by quantitative methods. Survey and interview of 53 respondents were conducted as well as data collecting approached by purposive sampling. The results found that there is little knowledge and awareness of people in Kangkung fishing village of the hazard of earthquake and tsunami. Therefore, this research proposed a model of "Community-Based Resilience Strategy"Model of earthquake and tsunami disaster risk reduction. It is a comprehensive and sustainable model of how people take a part in disaster risk reduction by intensive participatory. Conclusion of this research emphasized that disaster risk reduction is a big matter in marginalized society such as people in Kangkung fishing village. The "Community-Based Resilience Strategy"Model of earthquake and tsunami disaster risk reduction that may increase the knowledge and awareness to become more resilience. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Hazards

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Effects of refining degree, pulp mixing ratio, and rae-based strength agents on initial wet-web strength of HwBKP-SwBKP sheet

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Palpu Chongi Gisul/Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 2020年第1期52卷 110-120页

作者： Kim, Jin-Soo Cho, Byoung-Uk Dept. of Paper Science and Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of Program of Paper Science and Engineering Division of Forest Material Science and Engineering College of Forest and Environmental Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

Effects of refining degree, HwBKP-SwBKP mixing ratio, and the type and the dosage of strength agents on initial wet - web strength were investigated. Two types of strength agents consisting of PAE (polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin)-PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), and PAE-MP (micropolymer) were applied. It was found that the addition of PAE-PVA or PAE-MP strength agents can improve the initial wet-web strength of HwBKP-SwBKP sheets by increasing the interaction between pulp fibers and by improving dewatering efficiency and then the solids content of the wet-web. The PAE-MP strength agent showed superior dewatering efficiency than the PAE-PVA strength agent, resulting in a higher solids content and a higher initial wet-web strength at a given polymer dosage. However, the PAE-PVA strength agent showed higher initial wet-web strength at a given solids content than the PAE-MP strength agent. In addition, increasing the refining degree and increasing the amount of longer fibers in stock resulted in the improved initial wet-web strength of HwBKP-SwBKP sheets. © 2020 Korean Technical Assoc. of the Pulp and Paper Industry. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mixing

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Ecological Risk Assessment and Corrective Actions of Dioxins Polluted Sediment in the Brine Water Storage Pond of Chemical Plant

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Huang, Wen-Yen Huang, Chi-Wei Lin, Chitsan Li, Yi-Lin Huang, Tsung-Po Bui, Xuan-Thanh Ngo, Huu Hao Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology College of Maritime National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street District 10 Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Linh Trung Ward Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia

Despite the high toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, or dioxins), the case studies about PCDD/Fs contamination in sediment are still few and its ecological impacts are not fully elucidated. To improve the risk management of PCDD/Fs pollution in sediment, the present study conducted the environmental risk assessment of the brine water storage pond near a chemical plant with high PCDD/Fs pollution potential before and after corrective actions. The results showed the PCDD/Fs accumulation in the fish and crab from the brine water storage pond, and the PCDD/Fs concentrations in biota were all higher than the food safety standard in Taiwan (3.5 pg-TEQ/g). Furthermore, the different indexes showed high degree of pollution including contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd), and pollution index (PI) in the PCDD/Fs polluted sediment. High biological risk indexes such as potential ecological risk index (RI) and risk quotient (RQ) were also observed in the PCDD/Fs contaminated sediment before the corrective actions. After the corrective actions such as institutional/engineering control and remediation, the CF, mCd, and PI decreased by 20–41%. The RI and RQ were also decreased by 41–56%. In conclusion, the corrective actions applied in the present study could help decrease the pollution and ecological risk of PCDD/Fs in the polluted sediment of the study site, which might further decrease the environmental risk to an acceptable level for the stakeholders if keeping implementation of the corrective actions. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk management

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Impact of occupational noise exposure on the hearing level in hospital staffs: a longitudinal study

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environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第16期31卷 24129-24138页

作者： Wang, Tang-Chuan Yu, You-Cheng Hsu, Alan Lin, Jia-Yi Tsou, Yung-An Liu, Chiu-Shong Chuang, Kai-Jen Pan, Wen-Chi Yang, Chin-An Hu, Sung-Lin Ho, Chien-Yi Chen, Tzu-Liang Lin, Chia-Der Pai, Pei-Ying Chang, Ta-Yuan Department of Public Health College of Public Health China Medical University No. 100 Sec. 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist. Taichung406040 Taiwan Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital No. 199 Section 1Xinglong Road Hsinchu County Zhubei City302056 Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine China Medical University No. 100 Sec. 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist. Taichung406040 Taiwan Master Program for Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering China Medical University No. 100 Sec. 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist. Taichung406040 Taiwan The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science College of Biomedical Engineering China Medical University No. 100 Sec. 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist. Taichung406040 Taiwan Department of Occupational Safety and Health College of Public Health China Medical University No. 100 Section 1Jingmao Road Beitun District Taichung City406040 Taiwan Department of Public Health School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University No.250 Wuxing St. Xinyi Dist. Taipei City110 Taiwan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No. 155 Sec. 2 Linong St. Beitou Dist. Taipei City112304 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science China Medical University No. 100 Sec. 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist. Taichung406040 Taiwan Division of Family Medicine Physical Examination Center Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital No. 199 Section 1Xinglong Road Hsinchu County Zhubei City302 Taiwan

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of occupational noise on hearing loss among healthcare workers using audiometry. A longitudinal study was conducted with a six-month follow-up period in a hospital with 21 participants, divided into high-noise-exposure (HNE) and low-noise-exposure (LNE) groups. Mean noise levels were higher in the HNE group (70.4 ± 4.5 dBA), and hearing loss was measured using pure-tone audiometry at baseline and follow-up. The HNE group had significantly higher mean threshold levels at frequencies of 0.25 kHz, 0.5 kHz, 4.0 kHz, and an average of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz (all p-values © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Audition

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