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Chemical Characterization of Organic Aerosol Tracers Derived from Burning Biomass Indigenous to Sub-Saharan Africa: Fresh Emissions versus Photochemical Aging

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2024年第11期1卷 1463-1482页

作者： Adrienne M. Lambert Cade M. Christensen Megan M. McRee Vaios Moschos Markiesha H. James Janica N. D. Gordon Haley M. Royer Marc N. Fiddler Barbara J. Turpin Solomon Bililign Jason D. Surratt Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 United States Department of Chemistry College of Arts and Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599 United States Applied Sciences and Technology Program North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro North Carolina 27411 United States Department of Physics College of Science and Technology North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro North Carolina 27411 United States Department of Chemistry North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro North Carolina 27411 United States

Wildfires are increasingly frequent and intense, leading to substantial production of biomass burning (BB)-derived organic aerosol (BBOA). BBOA adversely affects public health and perturbs the climate. Although African fires account for over 50% of worldwide BB-derived organic emissions, few studies have systematically analyzed molecular tracers of BBOA in fresh versus photochemically aged BB emissions representative of African fires. Therefore, by using gas chromatography interfaced to electron ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS), we chemically characterized aerosol filter samples collected from both fresh and photochemically aged BB emissions of six biomass fuels found in Sub-Saharan Africa (Cordia africana,Baikiaea plurijuga,Acacia erioloba,Colophospermum mopane, cow dung, and a fuel mixture). BB emissions were generated from a furnace mimicking smoldering combustion and subsequently injected into a humidified laboratory chamber (70% ± 3% RH). Seventeen known BBOA tracer compounds (e.g., levoglucosan, mannosan, coniferyl alcohol, catechol, and palmitic acid) were targeted, quantified, and compared between fresh and photochemically aged BB emissions. Furthermore, total-suspended atmospheric particulate matter (PM) samples collected from Botswana during the fire season were also analyzed by GC/EI-MS. We identified laboratory-generated BBOA constituents that were also found in Botswana PM that could plausibly serve as unique tracers (e.g., D-pinitol) for African BBOA during future field studies.

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Versatile Test Reactor Open Digital engineering Ecosystem

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Insight 2022年第1期25卷 56-60页

作者： Ritter, Christopher Browning, Jeren Suyderhoud, Peter Hays, Ross Marshall, AnnMarie Han, Kevin Ashbocker, Taylor Darrington, John Nelson, Lee Idaho National Laboratory Department of Digital Systems & Engineering Versatile Test Reactor Program Idaho FallsID83401 United States Pivotal Solutions 3 Grace Avenue Suite 162 Great NeckNY11021 United States North Carolina State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 205 N. Mathews Ave. UrbanaIL61801 United States

Modern design of nuclear facilities represents unique challenges: enabling the design of complex advanced concepts, supporting geographically dispersed teams, and supporting first-of-a-kind system development. Errors made early in design can introduce silent errors. These errors can cascade causing unknown risk of complex engineering programs. The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) program uses digital-engineering principles for design, procurement, construction, and operation to reduce risk and improve efficiencies. Digital engineering is an integrated, model-based approach which connects proven digital tools such as building information management (BIM), project controls, and systems-engineering software tools into a cohesive environment. The VTR team hypothesizes using these principals can lead to similar risk and cost reductions and schedule efficiencies observed in other engineering industries. This research investigates the use of a digital engineering ecosystem in the design of a 300-MWt sodium-cooled fast reactor. This ecosystem was deployed to over 200 engineers and used to deliver the conceptual design of the VTR. We conclude that initial results show significant reductions in user latency (1000x at peak use), the possibility of direct finite-element-analysis (FEA) integrations to computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and nuclear reactor system design descriptions (SDDs) that we can fully link throughout design in data-driven requirements-management software. These early results led to the VTR maintaining milestone performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 by Idaho National Laboratory. Published by INCOSE with permission.

关键词： Software testing

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Structure and functional group of CuO nanoparticle-reinforced osmosis membrane based on bacterial cellulose from Sargassum sp. extract

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3110卷

作者： Uun Yanuhar Heru Suryanto Muhamad Amin Jibril Maulana Nico Rahman Caesar Department of Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Brawijaya University Jl. Veteran Malang Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Malang Indonesia Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Doctoral Program of Environmental Science Postgraduate School Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia

Osmosis membranes have been widely used in industries for water purification, wastewater treatment, and biomedical applications. However, the current membranes still have some drawbacks, such as water flow resistance and vulnerability to fouling. Therefore, the development of more efficient and durable osmosis membranes is highly necessary. In this research, the researchers used bacterial nanocellulose extracted from Sargassum sp. as a material for producing more efficient osmosis membranes. The methods used in this study were experiments with two treatments: (1) control, and (2) Bacterial cellulose with a concentration of 1.0 wt% CuO nanoparticles. The nanocellulose was produced using a high-pressure homogenizer, followed by the synthesis of acetate nanocellulose and characterization of the nanocomposite membrane functionalized with CuO nanoparticles. The membranes were characterized using FTIR and XRD analysis. Bacterial cellulose from seaweed was successfully formed with a thickness of 1-3 cm. The results of the characterization analysis showed that the formed bacterial cellulose belonged to Cellulose type I with a crystalline degree ranging from 88.7% to 85.7%. The dry osmosis membranes were analyzed based on their functional groups using FTIR. The analysis revealed changes in transmittance at the peaks of O-H at wavenumbers 3122-3414 and Cu-O at wavenumber 424-673, resulting from the addition of CuO nanoparticles and causing changes in the value of the O-H bond in bacterial cellulose.

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Structure of amorphous aluminosilicates obtained from mineral transformation: Potential path for partial remediation of alkaline bauxite residues

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environmental Advances 2021年 6卷

作者： Bollinger, David L. Erickson, Jessica Stone-Weiss, Nicholas Lere-Adams, Arumala Josiah Karcher, Sam Akin, Idil Deniz McCloy, John S. Materials Science and Engineering Program Washington State University Pullman 99164 WA United States School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University Pullman 99164 WA United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman 99164 WA United States

Highly alkaline wastes known as bauxite residue are the abundant byproducts of refining bauxite into alumina through the Bayer process, and worldwide estimates of these bauxite residue stockpiles exceed 3 billion tons, with hundreds of millions of tons produced annually. Bauxite residue utilization and remediation are significantly complicated by the presence of recalcitrant minerals that buffer pH, such as sodalite and cancrinite, commonly referred to as desilication products (DSP) in the alumina industry. In this work, a mixture of sodalite (∼52 wt%) and cancrinite (∼30 wt%) was produced using similar conditions to those encountered in some alumina refineries using the Bayer process. These synthetic minerals were then transformed to hydrated aluminosilicates using a simple, low temperature aqueous process. The transformed products were then characterized with X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron microscopy. Results suggest that a hypothesized conversion to 2:1-type clay minerals was not achieved, but that the materials were ∼79 wt% X-ray amorphous, resembling protoclay-like materials, with silicate network structures and primarily 4-coordinated Al atoms. This was confirmed by independent synthesis and structural comparison with amorphous aluminosilicates based on allophane and imogolite. Water vapor sorption behavior was similar for the synthesized allophane and the converted DSP minerals;∼0.3 g/g sorbed water content. The current process produces highly amorphous aluminosilicate gels with hydraulic properties similar to silica-rich allophane, which have the potential to aid in the remediation of bauxite residue storage facilities. © 2021 The Authors

关键词： Allophane Bauxite Cancrinite Imogolite Protoclays Sodalite

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Basic Framework of Regional Model for Disaster Waste Estimation and Distribution by Using Spatial Approach in Central Java-Indonesia 2

Basic Framework of Regional Model for Disaster Waste Estimat...

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2nd International Conference on Smart City Innovation

作者： Maryono, M. Seruningtyas, K. Roynaldi, A.D. Sudarno Hadiyanto Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Indonesia Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Diponegoro University Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Indonesia

Disaster are becoming more frequent around the world and more intense in urban areas. Central Java is the province with the largest number of disasters in Indonesia. Disaster create amount of disaster waste and sometime very huge, many times comparing to daily municipal waste generation. Government and local citizen sometimes are unable to handling disaster waste. Since effective implementation of disaster waste management (DWM) will lead quick and better recovery of living and avoid more environmental risk, high level regional government such as provincial should help. To make effective support, it is important that provincial government develop a model to monitor disaster waste generation in each regency and cities. This study aims to develop basic framework of regional model for disaster waste estimation and distribution in provincial level. This study used Central Java Province as a case study. To estimate disaster waste in Central Java, this study developed an index system as a basic model. It is about basic comparison of disaster waste generation in all central java regencies or cities. Disaster waste is associated with total disaster events. This study utilized GIS tools to express model and system. This study developed of regional model disaster waste estimation in Central Java, divided by 3 sub decades. Study result shown that in first decade 1990-1999 the highest index of disaster waste estimation is Brebes Regency. Second decade 2000-2009 the highest index of disaster waste estimation is Semarang Regency and the third decade 2010-2018 the highest index of disaster waste estimation in Cilacap Regency. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Disasters

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NTRK3 exhibits a pro-oncogenic function in upper tract urothelial carcinomas

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Kaohsiung Journal of Medical sciences 2024年第5期40卷 445-455页

作者： Lim, Lee-Moay Lee, Yi-Chen Lin, Ting-Wei Hong, Zi-Xuan Hsu, Wei-Chi Ke, Hung-Lung Hwang, Daw-Yang Chung, Wen-Yu Li, Wei-Ming Lin, Hui-Hui Kuo, Hung-Tien Huang, A-Mei Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Anatomy School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Urology School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Urology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Urology Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan National Institute of Cancer Research National Health Research Institute Tainan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Urology Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital Pingtung Taiwan Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3) has pleiotropic functions: it acts not only as an oncogene in breast and gastric cancers but also as a dependence receptor in tumor suppressor genes in colon cancer and neuroblastomas. However, the role of NTRK3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is not well documented. This study investigated the association between NTRK3 expression and outcomes in UTUC patients and validated the results in tests on UTUC cell lines. A total of 118 UTUC cancer tissue samples were examined to evaluate the expression of NTRK3. Survival curves were generated using Kaplan–Meier estimates, and Cox regression models were used for investigating survival outcomes. Higher NTRK3 expression was correlated with worse progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. Moreover, the results of an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suggested that NTRK3 may interact with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to promote cancer. NTRK3 downregulation in BFTC909 cells through shRNA reduced cellular migration, invasion, and activity in the AKT-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the overexpression of NTRK3 in UM-UC-14 cells promoted AKT-mTOR pathway activity, cellular migration, and cell invasion. From these observations, we concluded that NTRK3 may contribute to aggressive behaviors in UTUC by facilitating cell migration and invasion through its interaction with the AKT-mTOR pathway and the expression of NTRK3 is a potential predictor of clinical outcomes in cases of UTUC. © 2024 The Authors. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Kaohsiung Medical University.

关键词： AKT-mTOR pathway neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3) prognosis tropomyosin-related kinase (TrK) upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC)

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Research and Technology Trend Analysis by Big Data-Based Smart Livestock Technology: a Review

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Journal of Biosystems engineering 2021年第4期46卷 386-398页

作者： Kim, Min-Jee Mo, Changyeun Kim, Hyeon Tae Cho, Byoung-Kwan Hong, Soon-Jung Lee, Dae Hyun Shin, Chang-Seop Jang, Kyoung Je Kim, Yong-Hyeon Baek, Insuck Department of Biosystems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kangwon National University 1 KNU Ave. Gangwon Chuncheon24341 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture Kangwon National University 1 KNU Ave. Chuncheon24314 Korea Republic of Gyeongsangnam-do Jinju52828 Korea Republic of Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering College of Agricultural and Life Science Chungnam National University 99 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries 1515 Kongjwipatjwi-ro Deokjin-gu Jeollabuk-do Jeonju-si54874 Korea Republic of Department of Biosystems Engineering College of Agriculture Life & Environment Science Chungbuk National University 1 Chungdae-ro Seowon-gu Chungbuk Cheongju28644 Korea Republic of Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Jeonbuk National University Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeollabuk-do Jeonju-si54896 Korea Republic of USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory Beltsville Agricultural Research Center BeltsvilleMD20705 United States

Purpose: This study introduces the global research and technological trends related to various kinds of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) used and applied in the livestock industry by improving productivity via breeding, disease and optimal environment control, and smart business management. Method: Prior research data was collected using "ICT," "IoT," "information technology (IT)," "ubiquitous technology," "smart livestock," and "big data" as main keywords. Results: Most livestock farms in Korea adopt smart livestock technology that are mostly used in the 1st or 1.5th generations, while continuous developments are being carried out for technologies of the 2nd and 3rd generations. In the livestock house, camera vision, radio-frequency identification (RFID), beacon sensors, and environmental sensors are used in livestock farms and houses to collect information compiled into a database to introduce an automated system for livestock management. Conclusion: The data collected from each individual and farm can enable precise breeding and ultimately improve the productivity and efficiency of smart livestock systems. It is necessary to prepare a systematic system at the national level for data collection, ownership, and sharing to improve the productivity and efficiency of the smart livestock system. © 2021, The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery.

关键词： environmental management

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How local governments avoid floodplain development through consistent implementation of routine municipal ordinances, plans, and programs

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Oxford Open Climate Change 2024年第1期4卷

作者： Siders, A.R. Niemann-Morris, Jennifer Hino, Miyuki Shields, Elizabeth Cano Pecharroman, Lidia Doeffinger, Tess Gerber-Chavez, Logan Huang, Ju-Ching Lafferty, Alexandra Tamima, Salvesila Williams, Caroline Agopian, Armen Samoray, Christopher Mach, Katharine J. Disaster Research Center University of Delaware Newark 19716 DE United States Biden School of Public Policy and Administration University of Delaware Newark 19716 DE United States Geography and Spatial Science College of Earth Ocean and Environment University of Delaware Newark 19716 DE United States Department of Environmental Science and Policy Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami Miami 33149 FL United States Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy University of Miami Coral Gables 33146 FL United States Department of City and Regional Planning University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill 27599 NC United States Environment Ecology and Energy Program University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill 27599 NC United States Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge 02139 MA United States Georgetown University Law Center Georgetown University WA 20007 DC United States Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Delaware Newark 19716 DE United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Lt. Col. James B. Near Jr. Center for Climate Studies The Citadel Charleston 29409 SC United States

Avoiding floodplain development is critical for limiting flood damage, yet there is little empirical evidence of how local governments effectively avoid floodplain development. We conduct a mixed-methods study to explain how local floodplain management influences floodplain development in New Jersey, a state with high development pressure and flood risk. We find that 85% of towns developed relatively little in the floodplain from 2001 to 2019, and they achieved this with commonplace land use management tools and modest levels of local government capacity. One hundred twenty-six New Jersey towns put none of their new housing in the floodplain 2001-2019. Our findings run counter to common reports of rampant floodplain development requiring legal innovation and capacity-building campaigns and suggest alternative approaches for promoting floodplain avoidance. We find multiple paths to floodplain avoidance, weak support for previously identified drivers, and strong evidence that the keys to avoidance include having a few high-quality tools that are well-implemented, requiring consistency, coordination, and commitment of local officials. The multiple paths and importance of maximum, rather than average, quality might explain the mixed evidence in prior research connecting floodplain management actions and development outcomes. A lack of attention to towns that limit floodplain development impedes our ability to learn from and disseminate their successes. Contrary to our expectations, we show that floodplain avoidance can be and is achieved through routine municipal practices. Our findings underscore the importance of sustained commitment to development management as a core tool for limiting flood risk. © 2024 The Author(s).

关键词： adaptation development flood management floodplain government capacity hazard mitigation land use planning sustainable development

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Evaluation of plant seed DNA and botanical evidence for potential forensic applications

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Forensic sciences Research 2020年第1期5卷 55-63页

作者： Cheng-Lung Lee Yi-Hsin Huang Ian CHsu Henry CLee Department of Criminal Investigation Taiwan Police CollegeTaiwanChina Crime Scene Theater Qatar Police CollegeDohaQatar Institute of Business and Management National Chiao Tung UniversityTaiwanChina Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua UniversityTaiwanChina Forensic Science Program University of New HavenWest HavenCTUSA

Seeds,the reproductive organs of plants,are common as trace evidence from crime *** evidence could be grouped into several categories based on the types of crimes they are associated with,including child abuse,homicides and *** commonly,seeds are examined microscopically and identified to the plant species level to show a linkage between persons and *** recently,forensic researchers have evaluated the poten-tial for extracting and typing DNA from seeds to further individualize the *** a model system,tomato seeds were examined microscopically after different cooking treat-ments and assessed for the potential to DNA type seeds for variety identification.A sufficient quantity and quality of DNA were recovered from uncooked,digested and undigested tomato seeds for amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)analysis;however,any form of cooking destroyed the seed DNA.A simple microscopic analysis was able to distin-guish between a cooked tomato seed versus an uncooked *** article is intended to provide an overview of case examples and current techniques for the forensic examination of seeds as plant-derived evidence.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic botany tomato seed DNA extraction crime scene non-human evidence AFLP STR

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A call to action to address escalating global threats to academic research

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The Innovation 2025年第4期6卷 17-19页

作者： Gaelle Piret Fun Man Fung Josie Fullerton Giuseppe Fico Dmitriy Ponkratov Wenxin Chen Daniela Latorre Kirsty Y.Wan Nima Aghaeepour Jules Welgryn Adeel Razi Patricia Silveyra Ahmet Altun Renata Z.Jurkowska Alice C.Hughes Joy Wolfram INSERM U1205 UGA38400 Saint Martin d’HèresFrance School of Chemistry University College DublinD04 C1P1 BelfieldIreland UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy University College DublinD04 N9Y1 DublinIreland School of Cardiovascular&Metabolic Health University of GlasgowG128TA GlasgowUK European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering and Science 3001 LeuvenBelgium Life Supporting Technologies Universidad Politécnica de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Siemens Digital Industries Software B908BG SolihullUK Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Microbiology ETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland Living Systems Institute&Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of ExeterEX44QD ExeterUK Department of Anesthesiology Painand Perioperative MedicineDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of Biomedical Data ScienceStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA UniversitéParis Nanterre 92000 NanterreFrance Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciencesand Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging University College LondonWC1N 3AR LondonUK CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program TorontoON M5G 1M1Canada Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Indiana University School of Public Health BloomingtonBloomingtonIN 47408USA Department of Pharmacology Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivas 58140Turkey Division of Biomedicine School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCF103AX CardiffUK School of Biological Sciences University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

This article is a call to action to address escalating threats to scientific progress that affect academic researchers across the *** threats include public mistrust of science,challenges in translating academic research to end-user applications,a disconnect between academics and policymakers,emerging barriers to international collaboration,and a reliance on conventional metrics to evaluate academic *** article presents various calls to action informed by exemplary approaches across the globe that serve as frameworks to drive beneficial transformation for researchers,academic institutions,and society.

关键词： academic research calls action global threats public mistrust sciencechallenges translating academic research disconnect academics policymakers call action translation research

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