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The impact of soil erosion on sedimentation/silting and decreasing water quality in oxbow lake, Grogol Sub-district, Sukoharjo District

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3019卷

作者： Andi Renata Ade Yudono Suntoro Conrad Danisworo Cahyono Ikhsan Doctoral Program of Environmental Science Graduate School of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta City Central Java Indonesia Environment Engineering UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia Graduate School of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta City Central Java Indonesia

Land use changes that are not under its designation (carrying capacity and capacity) will cause environmental degradation such as erosion. Erosion that occurs, in general, will result in a reduction in soil fertility, a reduction in soil volume, and may result in silting/sedimentation and a decrease in water quality due to an increase in Total Suspended Solid (TSS) levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the Erosion Hazard Level (EHL) that occurred around the oxbow lake and the impact caused by the erosion on the sustainability of the function of the oxbow lake. The methods used in this research are field survey and mapping methods, laboratory analysis methods, and spatial analysis methods on topography and bathymetry as well as Sentinel Satellite Imagery to find out the estimated size of the existing TSS. Erosion rate measurements were carried out using the erosion measuring stick method to measure soil loss over a certain time. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were two TBE in the study area, including areas with Very Heavy TBE (SB) due to having soil solum > 90 cm and erosion of 653.01 tons/ha/yr. (PME 1), 581.34 tons/ha /yr. (PME 2), and 1022 tons/ha/yr. (PME 3) (> 480 tons/ha/yr.); and areas with heavy TBE (B) due to having soil solum > 90 cm and erosion of 387.80 tons/ha/year (180 - 480 tons/ha/year). The impact of erosion can also result in silting/sedimentation in the oxbow lake so that it can indirectly lead to a reduction in oxbow lake capacity/reservoir and an increase in the TSS parameter which is expected to continue due to an increase in the trendline both in the amount of rainfall and the average rain that occurred in 3 years. and in 2022 (January – June).

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Nature-Based Solutions to Increase Rice Yield: An Experimental Assessment of the Role of Birds and Bats as Agricultural Pest Suppressors in West Africa

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sottomayor, Madalena Palmeirim, Ana Filipa Meyer, Christoph F.J. de Lima, Ricardo F. Rocha, Ricardo Rainho, Ana cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon1749-016 Portugal CIBIO-InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning University of Porto Vairão Portugal School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford SalfordM5 4WT United Kingdom Imperial College London United Kingdom

Rice is widely consumed as a staple food, being cultivated worldwide. However, in West Africa, production is not enough to satisfy demand. Rice often suffers from intensive damage by herbivorous arthropods that affect quality and quantity of the grain. Birds and bats have been shown to suppress arthropod pests, potentially enhancing rice productivity and food security. However, the degree to which these taxa represent nature-based solutions for mitigating pest-induced rice losses is poorly known, especially in West Africa. Here, we used experimental exclosures to investigate whether birds and bats can reduce plant damage and boost rice yield by suppressing arthropod abundance. We established 14 sets of paired experimental exclosures and control parcels in a rural area in northern Guinea-Bissau to preclude access of birds and bats to rice plants. We then quantified how birds and bats' absence influenced arthropod communities, plant damage, and rice yield over a full rice cycle (six months). Arthropod numbers in exclosures (10.1 ± 9.1) were nearly double those in control plots (5.8 ± 3.0 ind./plot), a result greatly due to spider abundance. The percentage of leaf and grain damage showed no difference between exclosure and control, as well as rice yield. Using Structural Equation Models, we identified that the exclusion of birds and bats boosted arthropod abundance, which reduced yield. Our findings suggest that birds and bats are potential suppressors of rice pests and can contribute to reducing yield gaps in West Africa. Enhancing the abundance of birds and bats could increase pressure on agricultural pests, potentially improving rice productivity without the need for expensive and ecologically damaging intensification, landscape changes, or reliance on pesticides. We thus urge for policies that maximise agricultural services by birds and bats, as they can contribute to increased food security, while maximising biodiversity in agroecological landscapes. © 2023, The A

关键词： Birds

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Ibuprophen Removal from Synthetic Effluents Using Electrocoagulation-Peroxidation (ECP)

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Behling, Laura da Luz, Vilson Conrado Pasquali, Gean Delise Leal Bazoti, Suzana Fátima Rosa, Clarissa Dalla Pereira, Paulo Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology Federal University of Fronteira Sul ERS 135 -Km 72 No 200 PO Box 764 Erechim – RS 99700-970 Brazil Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department Federal University of Fronteira Sul ERS 135 -Km 72 No 200 PO Box 764 Erechim – RS 99700-970 Brazil

Concerning water resources, several ordinances and legislation determine standards and conditions for the discharge of effluents into water bodies. However, several contaminants are not covered by these guidelines because they are found in low concentrations and due to little knowledge of their long-term effects. These contaminants are called emergents, and this category includes drugs, such as anti-inflammatory drugs. The electrocoagulation process associated with advanced oxidation comes up as an alternative to conventional effluent treatment processes, and the objective of this work was to evaluate this process using scrap iron as sacrificial electrodes in the treatment of synthetic effluents containing Ibuprofen. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the drug in synthetic effluents. The CCRD 24 was used in an experimental design, having as independent variables evaluated the concentration of contaminants, applied current, the concentration of the primary oxidizing agent H2O2 and the reaction time. The optimized conditions determined by statistical analysis were drug concentration of 5 mg.L-1, H2O2 concentration of 200 mg.L-1, current of 5 A and 150 min. The removals obtained under these conditions were higher than 92% in the aqueous phase, showing that ECP technique has the potential to treat contaminants such as drugs present in effluents and waters. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： High performance liquid chromatography

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King Palm Shells (Archontophoenix Alexandrae) Colonized by Lentinula Edodes as a New Bioproduct for Ruminant's Diet: In Vitro Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Greenhouse Gases Parameters

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Timm, Thaynã Gonçalves Moreira da Rocha, Bruno Savio, Renan Lima Camargo, Gabriel Santos Magnani, Elaine Loregian, Kalista Eloisa Cagliari, Amanda Regina Casagrande, Ana Claudia Helm, Cristiane Vieira Ballod Tavares, Lorena Benathar Marcondes, Marcos Inácio Branco, Renata Helena Paula, Eduardo Marostegan Del Bianco Benedeti, Pedro Environmental Engineering Graduate Program Universidade Regional de Blumenau SC Blumenau89030-000 Brazil Department of Animal Sciences Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina SC Chapecó89815-630 Brazil Institute of Animal Science Beef Cattle Research Center SP Sertãozinho14160-970 Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Research Center of Forestry Embrapa Florestas PR Colombo83411-000 Brazil Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States

Feeding is one of the greatest expenses of an animal production system. Thus, agroindustrial by-products, such as king palm shells, are potential alternative ingredients for decreasing costs on ruminant production. However, it is necessary to improve the nutritional quality of this biomass and increase its digestibility. This improvement can occur through bioconversion by basidiomycete fungi, such as Lentinula edodes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a new bioproduct on ruminal fermentation parameters using in vitro system. The bioproduct was developed by solid-state fermentation of king palm shells, supplemented with soybean meal and cassava bagasse, by Lentinula edodes. To assess the potential of this bioproduct for beef cattle diets, three in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the in vitro gas production profiles, enteric methane and carbon dioxide production, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia-nitrogen, comparing the bioproduct with corn silage (Exp. 1), brachiaria hay, and sugarcane (Exp. 2), and the replacing of corn silage in beef cattle finishing diets (0, 33, 66, and 100%) (Exp. 3). For Exp. 1 and 2, the first 24 h of total GP bioproduct had the lowest value comparing to corn silage, brachiaria hay, and sugarcane, as well as for 48 h and 72 h (P 0.05). Furthermore, the NDF degradation rate decreased within the bioproduct inclusion levels (P 0.05). Our results suggest that the studied bioproduct may be included as roughage in the diet for finishing beef cattle, maintaining the nutritional quality of the diet, and not affecting negatively the ruminal fermentation, besides producing lower greenhouse gasses. The proposed sustainable bioproduct can be a potential alternative technology for an environment-friendly cattle production and clearly several economic, social, and environmental benefits, promoting the circular bioeconomy. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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First documented evidence of mesoplastic pollution in the Philippines: The case of the sandy beaches in Iligan City

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Regional Studies in Marine science 2024年 75卷

作者： Bacosa, Hernando P. Perpetua, Zy D. Aron, Jemwel B. Bondaug, John Christian S. Cui, Vincent T. Imperial, John Earl Monera, Caryl Mae M. Villariaz, Jay-ar Gabriel, Aiza D. Mayol, Andres Philip Shiu, Ruei-Feng Environmental Science Graduate Program Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and Mathematics Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan 9200 Philippines Chemical Engineering Department University of San Agustin Iloilo 5000 Philippines Mindanao State University- Main Campus Sindangan Extension Zamboanga del Norte Sindangan 7100 Philippines Department of Chemical Engineering Mindanao State University-Main Campus Lanao del Sur Marawi 9700 Philippines Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Arts and Sciences North Eastern Mindanao State University-Tandag Campus Surigao del Sur Tandag 8300 Philippines Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management Gokongwei College of Engineering De La Salle University Manila Taft Avenue 2401 Philippines Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202301 Taiwan Center of Excellence for the Oceans National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202301 Taiwan

The problem of marine plastic pollution is multifaceted and a substantial threat to the environment and human well-being. Despite being a leading marine plastic contributor in the world, the prevalence of mesoplastics in the Philippines is yet to be ascertained. The study aimed to quantify and characterize the mesoplastics on the 10 sandy beaches (inside and outside the city center) of Iligan City, Philippines. Samples were extracted, quantified, and characterized based on their morphology and chemical composition. A total of 166 mesoplastics were collected from the ten sampling sites. Fragment mesoplastics accounted for 66.9 % of the plastic debris found across all sites, with sizes in the range of 21–25 mm (31.3 %), and white/transparent (31.1 %) being predominant. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy identified polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene as the dominant mesoplastic polymer. We also found that mesoplastics were significantly more abundant on beaches within the city center (39.67 ± 3.11 items/m²) than on beaches away from the city center (13.02 ± 1.80 items/m²). This study provides a useful baseline of information on mesoplastic distributions in densely populated urban areas. Our results suggest that there is a pressing need to strengthen existing policies on solid waste management and develop new strategies to mitigate plastic pollution. Addressing this issue is of utmost importance considering the potentially harmful effects of mesoplastics on marine organisms and ecosystems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on mesoplastic pollution in the Philippines. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Beach litter City center Coastal barangay Marine plastic litter Plastic pollution

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Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of diuron on zinc oxide: Influence of surface-dependent adsorption on kinetics,degradation pathway,and toxicity of intermediates

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Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第10期31卷 97-111页

作者： Sutaporn Meephon Thanyada Rungrotmongkol Somchintana Puttamat Supareak Praserthdam Varong Pavarajarn Center of Excellence in Particle Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330 Thailand Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program Graduated School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Thammasat University Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Research Program in Hazardous Substance Management in Agricultural Industry Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management(HSM) Bangkok 10330 Thailand

Heterogeneous photocatalytic reaction has been generally applied for degradation of toxic *** of a compound using the same kind of catalyst that was synthesized differently are commonly found in ***,the reported degradation intermediates are normally *** issue is especially important for the degradation of toxic compounds because intermediates may be more toxic than their parent compounds and understanding the reason is necessary if appropriate catalysts are to be *** work systematically compares the photocatalytic degradation of diuron,a toxic recalcitrant herbicide,on two forms of zinc oxide(ZnO),i.e.,conventional particles with zinc-and oxygen-terminated polar surfaces as the dominating planes,and nanorods with mixed-terminated nonpolar *** and theoretical results indicate that both the rate of reaction and the degradation pathway depend on the adsorption configuration of diuron onto the *** molecules adsorb in different alignments on the two surfaces,contributing to the formation of different degradation *** the aliphatic and aromatic sides of diuron adsorb on the polar surfaces simultaneously,leading to an attack by hydroxyl radicals from both *** the other hand,on the mixed-terminated surface,only the aliphatic part adsorbs and is *** exposed surface is therefore the key factor controlling the degradation *** diuron degradation on ZnO,a catalyst confined tomixed-terminated surfaces,i.e.,ZnO nanorods,is more desirable,as it avoids the formation of intermediates with potent phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity.

关键词： Diuron Photocatalysis Adsorption Degradation pathway Mechanism Toxicity

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An optimized disease resistance gene cloning workflow for wheat

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4904页

作者： Yajun Wang Xiaodong Wang Lu Zhang Kymbat Zhakupova Francisco Ayala Yi Ouyang Jing Lu Naveenkumar Athiyannan Brande B H Wulff Simon G Krattinger Plant Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia. yjwang@***. State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China. yjwang@***. Plant Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia. State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China. State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China. Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China. Departamento de Ingeniería Genética Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Irapuato Irapuato México. Plant Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia. simon.krattinger@kaust.edu.sa.

The cloning of disease resistance genes in wheat has been disproportionately slow, tedious and costly because of the large and complex genome. Wheat gene cloning projects in the late 1990s and early 2000s were multi-year endeavors, often spanning a decade or longer. The development of genomics-assisted gene cloning tools and speed breeding have significantly accelerated gene cloning in wheat over the past years. Here, we present an optimized high-throughput disease resistance gene cloning workflow that allows to identify causal genes in less than six months. As a proof-of-principle, we clone the stem rust resistance gene Sr6, which has been a historically relevant source of resistance to confine a major stem rust outbreak in North America in the mid-20 century. Sr6 encodes a CC-BED-domain-containing nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor. The workflow provides a basis to tackle the systematic cloning of all the genetically described disease resistance genes by the wheat community, which will facilitate knowledge-guided deployment of resistance genes in wheat breeding.

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Biodegradable and Hydrophobic Nanofibrous Membranes Produced by Solution Blow Spinning for Efficient Oil/Water Separation

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Bang, Junsik Park, Subong Hwang, Sung-Wook Oh, Jung-Kwon Yeo, Hwanmyeong Jin, Hyoung-Joon Kwak, Hyo Won Department of Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources College of Agriculture & Life Sciences Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Fisheries Engineering Division National Institute of Fisheries Science Busan46083 Korea Republic of Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Namgu Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

The development of nanofibrous oil-water separation materials is explosively progressing, but the remarkably low productivity is the main factor hindering their practical application. In this study, biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS) nanofibers with excellent productivity (27.0 g/h per nozzle) were successfully fabricated using the solution blow spinning (SBS) process, breaking away from the conventional electrospinning method. The prepared PBS nanofibers exhibited extremely thin fiber diameters (130 nm) with high porosity (97.4%). Without any chemical modification or inorganic/organic hybrid materialization, the PBS nanofibrous membrane showed excellent oil adsorption capacity (minimum: 18.7 g/g and maximum: 38.5 g/g) and separation efficiency;water and oil mixtures (99.4 - 99.98%) and emulsions (98.1 - 99.5%) compared to conventional organic polymer-based nanofibers. In terms of disposal after use, this biodegradable nanofibrous membrane was able to return to nature through hydrolysis and biodegradation processes. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanofibers

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Universal Closed-Tube Barcoding for Monitoring the Shark and Ray Trade in Megadiverse Conservation Hotspots

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Prasetyo, Andhika Prima Cusa, Marine Murray, Joanna M. Agung, Firdaus Muttaqin, Efin Mariani, Stefano McDevitt, Allan D. School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford United Kingdom Centre Fisheries Research Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries Indonesia National Research and Innovation Agency Indonesia Lowestoft United Kingdom Directorate for Conservation and Marine Biodiversity Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries Indonesia Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program Indonesia School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool United Kingdom Department of Natural Sciences and the Environment School of Science and Computing Atlantic Technological University Galway Ireland

Trade restrictions for many endangered elasmobranch species exist to disincentivise their exploitation and curb their declines. However, the variety of products and the complexity of import/export routes make trade monitoring challenging. We investigate the use of a portable, universal, DNA-based tool which would greatly facilitate in-situ monitoring. We collected shark and ray samples across the Island of Java, Indonesia, and selected 28 species (including 22 CITES-listed species) commonly encountered in landing sites and export hubs to test a recently developed real-time PCR single-assay originally developed for screening bony fish. We employed a deep learning algorithm to recognize species based on DNA melt-curve signatures. By combining visual and machine learning assignment methods, we distinguished 25 out of 28 species, 20 of which were CITES-listed. With further refinement, this method can provide a practical tool for monitoring elasmobranch trade worldwide, without the need for a lab or the bespoke design of species-specific assays. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Commerce

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Constructing a Large-scale Landslide Database Across Heterogeneous Environments Using Task-Specific Model Updates

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2021年

作者： Nagendra, Savinay Kifer, Daniel Mirus, Benjamin Pei, Te Lawson, Kathryn Manjunatha, Srikanth Banagere Li, Weixin Nguyen, Hien Qiu, Tong Tran, Sarah Shen, Chaopeng Computer Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program GoldenCO United States School of Science Engineering and Technology Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg HarrisburgPA United States Google Inc. Mountain ViewCA United States

Preparation and mitigation efforts for widespread landslide hazards can be aided by a large-scale, well-labeled landslide inventory with high location accuracy. Recent small-scale studies for pixel-wise labeling of potential landslide areas in remotely-sensed images using deep learning (DL) showed potential but were based on data from very small, homogeneous regions with unproven model transferability. In this paper we consider a more realistic and practical setting for large-scale heterogeneous landslide data collection and DL-based labeling. In this setting, remotely sensed images are collected sequentially in temporal batches, where each batch focuses on images from a particular ecoregion, but different batches can focus on different ecoregions with distinct landscape characteristics. For such a scenario, we study the following questions: (1) How well do DL models trained in homogeneous regions perform when they are transferred to different ecoregions, (2) Does increasing the spatial coverage in the data improve model performance in a given ecoregion (even when the extra data do not come from the ecoregion), and (3) Can a landslide pixel labeling model be incrementally updated with new data, but without access to the old data and without losing performance on the old data (so that researchers can share models obtained from proprietary datasets)? We address these questions by extending the Learning without Forgetting framework, which is used for incremental training of image classification models, to the setting of incremental training of semantic segmentation models (e.g., identifying all landslide pixels in an image). We call the resulting extension Task-Specific Model Updates (TSMU). The goal of this framework is to continually update a (landslide) semantic segmentation model with data from new ecoregions without having to revisit data from old ecoregions and without losing performance on them. Using the TSMU framework, we conduct extensive experiments on four

关键词： Landslides

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