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Projecting Forest Fire Probability in South Korea under Climate Change, Population, and Forest Management Scenarios Using AI & Process-Based Hybrid Model (FLAM-Net)

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年 18卷 13003-13022页

作者： Jo, Hyun-Woo Won, Myoung-Soo Kraxner, Florian Jeon, Seongwoo Son, Yowhan Krasovskiy, Andrey Lee, Woo-Kyun Seoul20841 Korea Republic of Group Laxenburg Austria National Institute of Forest Science National Forest Satellite Information & Technology Center Seoul05203 Korea Republic of Program Laxenburg Austria Korea University Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Seoul20841 Korea Republic of

Climate change-induced heat waves and densely forested areas near urban centers in South Korea create complex challenges for wildfire response systems. Various forest fire models have been developed to address this, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. Process-based models offer high interpretability through human domain knowledge but require extensive optimization, while machine learning models automatically identify important features but have limited interpretability. To leverage the strengths of both models, this study aimed to integrate human domain knowledge into a machine learning framework. IIASA's wildfire cLimate impacts and Adaptation Model (FLAM)—a process-based model incorporating biophysical and human impacts—was developed as a neural network called FLAM-Net. Enhancements included improving backpropagation for optimization and introducing algorithms for national-specific fire ignition dynamics. FLAM-Net was applied at multiple scales and integrated through U-Net-based architecture, named Deep Neural FLAM (DN-FLAM), to produce downscaled predictions. The optimization revealed spatial concentration of fires near metropolitan areas and the east coast, with temporal concentration in spring due to agricultural burning. Integration of multi-scale features through DN-FLAM achieved optimal performance with Pearson's r values of 0.943, 0.840, and 0.641 for temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal validations. Future projections based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) indicated increasing fire frequencies until 2050, followed by a decrease due to increased precipitation. This study demonstrates the benefits of the hybrid approach, providing interpretability, accuracy, and efficient optimization. These hybrid models offer scientific evidence to guide locally tailored decision-making for climate change-induced forest fires and lay the groundwork for global application through their optimization capabilities. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Global warming

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Unveiling Microplastics Abundance and Mangrove Reactions: A Comprehensive Study in the Pekalongan Mangrove Area

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Ismanto, Aris Zainuri, Muhammad Hadibarata, Tony Ismunarti, Dwi Haryo Safinatunnajah, Novia Rahmansyah, Raihan Anandra Sugianto, Denny Nugroho Rochaddi, Baskoro Kristanti, Risky Ayu Hernawan, Undang Purbani, Dini Department of Oceanography Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50275 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia Miri CDT 250 Malaysia Department of Marine Science Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Universitas Diponegoro Semarang50275 Indonesia Research Center for Oceanography National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta14430 Indonesia Research Center for Conservation of Marine Resources and Inland Waters Cibinong16911 Indonesia Diponegoro University Indonesia Curtin University Australia

Mangrove ecosystem in Pekalongan city provides significant ecological functions, biodiversity hot spots, economic and social benefits, ecosystem services, coastal protection, and sources of livelihood for local people in Central Java. Currently, this mangrove ecosystem is undergoing significant degradation, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as waste from the batik industry, textile production, and residential areas., Mangroves, which are a fence between land and sea, are very likely to be exposed to microplastic waste. Waters and sediment samples were analyzed to find the microplastics at mangrove area. The analyzed of shape, size and colors using Microscope Motic SMZ-161 equipped with camera and the functional group of the polymers were analyzed using ATR-FTIR. From this research the microplastics abundance were 109 particles/l from total of all research stations in the water column and 153 particles/kg from total of all research stations in the sediment. The functional group polymer identified the polyamide, polystyrene, rayon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polyester at this research area. The anthropogenic activities in this area will increase waste in the form of microplastics and other chemicals, which will end up in marine waters and can have an impact on the mangrove growth and health. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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Wetting challenges in treatment of raw textile wastewater by membrane distillation: A case study

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Rodrigues, Mariana E. Cucciniello, Raffaele Farinha, Andreia Vrouwenvelder, Johannes Fortunato, Luca Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Environmental Science & Engineering Program (EnSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Università di Salerno Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II Fisiciano SA 84100 Italy Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Sciences Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 HZ Delft 2629 Netherlands Department of Civil Building and Environmental Engineering University of Napoli Federico II Via Claudio 21 Napoli 80125 Italy

This case study investigated the effectiveness of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) in treating real textile wastewater. Textile wastewater treatment presents a critical challenge in the field of environmental sustainability, requiring innovative approaches for its treatment to mitigate adverse impacts on ecosystems. DCMD emerges as a promising solution for the treatment and reuse of textile wastewater. However, the intricate composition of real textile wastewater represents a major bottleneck for the process, as the effectiveness of DCMD is influenced by numerous factors, complicating its application. In this study, experiments with an untreated sample demonstrate the detrimental impact of suspended solids on membrane performance. The application of simple pretreatment steps prior to DCMD, involving sedimentation and filtration, substantially enhanced the quality of the permeate, resulting in 100 % color removal, 99.99 % turbidity removal, and considerable removal rates for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Nevertheless, wetting remained a significant issue, as evidenced by the persistence of commonly used volatile organic contaminants and surfactants in the textile industry detected within the permeate. The findings in this case study reinforce that DCMD holds promise for textile wastewater treatment but emphasize the necessity of pretreatment and wetting mitigation strategies to fully unlock its potential. This research offers crucial insights for future MD applications in addressing the complexities of textile wastewater treatment. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) Industrial wastewater reuse Membrane wetting Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Pretreatment strategies Textile wastewater treatment Volatile organic contaminants

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Critical evaluation of extracellular polymeric substances extraction methods: Extraction efficiency, molecular characteristics, and heavy metals binding properties

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 959卷 178345页

作者： Ou, Bei Hu, Xueyang Yu, Wenbo Meng, Fanhao Li, Wen Liang, Sha Yuan, Shushan Duan, Huabo Hou, Huijie Xiao, Keke 1037 Luoyu Road Hubei Wuhan430074 China Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment Disposal and Recycle Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Environmental Science and Engineering Program Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology 241 Daxue Road Guangdong Shantou515063 China

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) significantly influence the properties and performance of waste activated sludge. Various pretreatment protocols with different extraction efficiency and characteristics of EPS have been reported, which markedly impact subsequent treatment and disposal of sewage sludge. This study systematically assesses the EPS properties from twelve extraction pretreatment methods. The organic and inorganic matters content, cell lysis, basic physicochemical property, molecular weight distribution, and fluorescence properties of extracted EPS were determined. Physical extraction methods (Centrifugation, Heat, and Ultrasound) were relatively mild, resulting in lower extraction of organic matter contents from EPS (3 Da) generation. Chemical extraction methods offered efficient EPS extraction with the different degrees of cell lysis, but it would introduce chemical reagent residues in EPS. Among those extraction methods, EPS extracted by cation exchange resin (CER) method had uniform and abundant molecular weight matters and fluorescence matters distribution. After dialysis, the residual Na and other metal elements could be significantly removed. Then, the fluorescence quenching effect of Cu(II) and Zn(II) at 400 μM on the Bound-EPS after dialysis increased up to the maximum value of 65 % and 30 %, respectively, compared to that without dialysis. It indicates that dialysis coupled with CER extracted EPS has a well extraction efficiency and can maintain the original state of EPS for the subsequent investigation. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Fluorescence quenching

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Research on the matching relationship of municipal solid waste management and alternative fuel in Indonesia's cement industry

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Wiharja Suherman Syafrudin Kholiq, Muhammad Abdul Pratama, Reba Anindyajati Robbani, Muhammad Haqqiyuddin Suryanto, Feddy Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology National Research and Innovation Agency Banten South Tangerang 15314 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Central Java Semarang 50275 Indonesia Directorate of Environment Maritime Natural Resources and Nuclear Policy National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta 10340 Indonesia

The cement industry in Indonesia, heavily relies on coal, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Simultaneously, Java Island generates over 23 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) annually, with limited utilization for energy recovery. This study evaluates the feasibility of substituting coal with refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from MSW in Java's cement industry, focusing on environmental, economic, and technical aspects. Scenario analyses indicate that substituting 10%, 20%, and 30% of thermal energy with RDF could divert up to 8.7 million tons of MSW from landfills annually, reducing GHG emissions by up to 2.77 million Gg CO₂-eq. These reductions align with Indonesia's environmental policies and global climate commitments under the Paris Agreement. The economic assessment demonstrates the viability of RDF, with potential annual cost savings of up to $421 million. Beyond addressing coal dependency, RDF adoption supports circular economy practices, reduces landfill reliance, and mitigates environmental pollution. However, challenges such as infrastructure gaps and regulatory barriers require attention. This study provides actionable insights to guide policy formulation, foster industry investment, and facilitate the implementation of RDF-based energy solutions. By bridging waste management and sustainable energy practices, the findings contribute to Indonesia's renewable energy goals, emphasizing the practical applications of RDF for a more sustainable future in industrial operations. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Alternative fuel Cement industry Municipal solid waste Refused-derived fuel Sustainable energy

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Bridging the gap in nutrient management: Transitioning from conventional to sustainable slow-release fertilizers in modern agriculture

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年 513卷

作者： Said, Nor Sakinah Mohd Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Daud, Nurull Muna Sharuddin, Siti Shilatul Najwa Barakwan, Rizkiy Amaliyah Luthfi, Abdullah Amru Indera Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Jakarta Pusat10340 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Kampus MERR C Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Street Mulyorejo East Java Surabaya60115 Indonesia

The world's continuous demographic expansion has driven a growing demand for a stable food supply, making the agriculture sector a key foundation for sustainable food production. However, the widespread use of conventional fertilizers has resulted in significant environmental and economic drawbacks, including inefficient nutrient delivery and nutrient leaching. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative agricultural solutions. This article reviews the adverse impacts of conventional fertilizer use on ecosystems and discusses the transition to slow-release fertilizers (SRF) as a promising alternative. SRF offers more controlled nutrient release, reducing nutrient loss and improving efficiency compared to traditional fertilizers. The article examines different types of SRF, their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and their potential to transform modern agriculture by addressing both environmental concerns and crop nutrient management. Key challenges, including high production costs and the use of non-biodegradable coatings, are addressed. This review highlights the potential of bio-based coatings as replacements for non-renewable petroleum-based materials in SRFs, promoting sustainable practices and reducing potential toxicity in agricultural applications. The evolution of SRFs into multifunctional fertilizers is also discussed, emphasizing their expanding roles beyond controlled nutrient release. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Crops

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Investigation of Cyanobacteria-Hosted Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cyanohab-Impacted Drinking Water Sources

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Volk, Abigail Mills, Molly Chae, Soryong Lee, Jiyoung Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Sciences Graduate Program The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Department of Food Science and Technology The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Infectious Diseases Institute The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) produce cyanotoxins that cause human and animal illness. cyanoHABs are also hypothesized to play a role in the antibiotic resistome, but whether Cyanobacteria host clinically-relevant antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the environment is largely unknown. To investigate this emerging issue, we looked for the presence of Cyanobacteria-hosted ARGs using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of drinking water source samples collected during the 2022 bloom season from Lake Erie and Grand Lake St. Marys (GLSM). . ARGs were annotated using DeepARG and Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI). Cyanobacteria were annotated to host genes conferring possible antibiotic resistance. Two of these genes were rpoB2 and arlR, but these genes were likely spurious hits on housekeeping genes. qac and OXA genes were also annotated. While those hits suggest potential resistance to clinical antibiotics, overall Cyanobacteria did not host appreciable clinically-relevant ARGs. Because the two drinking water sources historically have high cyanotoxin concentrations, selected cyanotoxins, Cyanobacteria, and ARGs were chosen for quantification. We found high levels of Microcystis in Lake Erie and Planktothrix in GLSM, and high microcystin concentrations in GLSM, supporting previous trends in these water bodies. This study takes a novel approach pairing the issues of cyanoHABs and ARGs together in two drinking water sources. In a changing climate, drinking water treatment strategies should consider the treatment and public health implications of multiple contaminants. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lakes

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Developing a novel Temporal Air-quality Risk Index using LSTM autoencoder: A case study with South Korean air quality data

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 978卷 179303页

作者： Park, Hyerim Sohn, Wonho Kang, Eunjin Im, Jungho Lee, Junghye Technology Management Economics and Policy Program Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Industrial Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Department of Civil Urban Earth Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul08826 Korea Republic of of Engineering Practice Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

As public awareness of environmental and health issues grows, providing accurate and accessible environmental risk information is essential for informed decision-making. environmental indices simplify the complex impacts of various environmental factors into a single, interpretable score. The Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), a widely recognized standard, reflects health risks posed by air pollution but has significant limitations. Conventional index calculations often focus on the single most hazardous pollutant or ignore the combined and cumulative effects of multiple pollutants. Additionally, the commonly used linear and arithmetic approaches can misrepresent actual risks and fail to capture the temporal dynamics of environmental factors. To address these limitations, we propose a deep learning framework for developing a more comprehensive air quality index, the Temporal Air-quality Risk Index (TARI). This framework employs a long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder to capture complex interactions and temporal dependencies among environmental factors. By incorporating a risk score (RS) that captures non-linear and continuous risks, TARI provides a more accurate assessment of the environmental impact on health. A case study using real air quality data from South Korea demonstrates that TARI outperforms the Korean Comprehensive Air-quality Index (CAI) and AQHI, exhibiting stronger correlations with disease prevalence. These results highlight TARI's improved sensitivity and relevance in assessing health risks, particularly by addressing cumulative and temporal pollutant effects. To our knowledge, this study is the first to apply deep learning to environmental index development, offering a flexible and robust framework with potential applications across diverse environmental systems. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Haze pollution

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Comparison of different disinfection processes in the effective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes

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Journal of environmental sciences 2014年第6期26卷 1238-1242页

作者： Junsik Oh Dennis Espineli Salcedo Carl Angelo Medriano Sungpyo Kim Program in Environmental Technology and Policy Korea University Department of Environmental Engineering College of Science and Technology Korea University

This study compared three different disinfection processes （chlorination, E-beam, and ozone） and the efficacy of three oxidants （H202, S2O8-, and peroxymonosulfate （MPS）） in removing antibiotic resistant bacteria （ARB） and antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） in a synthetic wastewater. More than 30 mg/L of chlorine was needed to remove over 90% of ARB and ARG. For the E-beam method, only 1 dose （kGy） was needed to remove ARB and ARG, and ozone could reduce ARB and ARG by more than 90% even at 3 mg/L ozone concentration. In the ozone process, CT values （concentration × time） were compared for ozone alone and combined with different catalysts based on the 2-log removal of ARB and ARG. Ozone treatment yielded a value of 31 and 33 （mg·min）/L for ARB and ARGs respectively. On the other hand, ozone with persulfate yielded 15.9 and 18.5 （***）/L while ozone with monopersulfate yielded a value of 12 and 14.5 （mg·min）/L. This implies that the addition of these catalysts significantly reduces the contact time to achieve a 2-log removal, thus enhancing the process in terms of its kinetics.

关键词： antibiotic resistance ozonation catalyst oxidants disinfection

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Trace element removal from wastewater by agricultural biowastes: A data analysis on removal efficacy and optimized conditions

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 975卷 179235页

作者： Shahid, Muhammad Khalid, Sana ALOthman, Zeid A. Al-Kahtani, Abdullah A. Bibi, Irshad Naz, Rabia Natasha, Natasha Niazi, Nabeel Khan Iqbal, Jibran Han, Changseok Shah, Noor S. Murtaza, Behzad Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS University Islamabad Vehari Campus Vehari61100 Pakistan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia School of Geography Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC3053 Australia Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Campus Islamabad44000 Pakistan Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad38040 Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences and Sustainability College of Natural and Health Sciences Zayed University Abu Dhabi144534 United Arab Emirates Department of Environmental Engineering INHA University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering INHA University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Chemistry COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad22060 Pakistan

Valorization of agricultural biowastes to biosorbents provides an excellent opportunity to recycle these wastes into valuable products and filtration of contaminants, especially potentially toxic trace elements in aquatic ecosystems. Water contamination with potentially toxic trace elements is a widespread global issue. Various agricultural biosorbents have been tested to remove trace elements from wastewater. Despite abundant research, there are scarce studies regarding the critical data analysis on trace elements removal efficiency by agricultural biowastes under various conditions. This review critically delineates the data analysis of recent literature published from 2018 to 2024 for a critical comparison of different agricultural biosorbents and the applied conditions to remove trace elements from aqueous media. Data analysis (based on 1188 observations) revealed that the mean trace element removal by agricultural biowaste-derived biosorbents from contaminated water was 75 %, ranging from 2 to 100 %. The most frequently reported removal efficiencies of agricultural biosorbents were 90–100 %. Notably, few agricultural biosorbents such as banana peel demonstrated the highest removal efficiency of 97 %, followed by cassava peels at 92 %, emphasizing the significance of recycling these materials for sustainable trace element removal from wastewater. Data analysis revealed that the trend for trace element removal from wastewater follows a descending order, with zinc exhibiting the highest removal rate at 81 %, followed closely by lead at 80 %. This trend continues with arsenic at 75 %, nickel and cadmium both at 70 %, and so forth. Thus, agricultural biosorbents play a pivotal role in this process, showcasing their potential in waste valorization and environmental remediation. Hence, the present review article is expected to contribute towards the comparative efficiency of various agricultural biosorbents, and the selection of the best biosorbents, depending on appl

关键词： Biowaste Metal removal and recovery Reusing and recycling Sustainable technology

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