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Urban air pollution and emergency department visits for injury in Edmonton and Toronto, Canada (vol 4, 100020, 2022)

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HYGIENE AND environmental HEALTH ADVANCES 2022年 4卷

作者： Szyszkowicz, Mieczyslaw Thomson, Errol M. de Angelis, Nicholas Lavoie, Curtis Thang Chien Nguyen Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau Health Canada Ottawa Canada Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada Biomedical Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada Curtis Lavoie Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Canada University of Ha Noi Information Technology Faculty Ha Noi Viet Nam

Air pollution is associated with a broad spectrum of health conditions. Among the reported associations are central nervous system effects, suggesting that air pollution may also affect human behavior and reaction time, which could in turn increase likelihood of injury. Injuries impose a significant public health and economic toll, but to our knowledge the relationship with air pollution has not been examined. This study investigated associations between air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for injury and poisoning in two Canadian cities (Edmonton, Toronto). Daily concentrations of carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and two air quality indexes (AQHI, AQHIX; incorporating O 3 , NO 2 , and PM 2.5 ), were considered. A time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional Poisson regression models were used to study short-term exposure effects (0 to 14 day lags). The analysis was done by sex, age group, and season. Significant positive associations were observed in both cities, albeit with some differences in the pattern of effects across strata. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase of NO 2 (IQR=13.0 ppb, Edmonton) in cold season (October-March) for male were RR=1.012 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.018), 1.025 (1.018, 1.031), 1.026 (1.020, 1.033), and 1.025 (1.019, 1.032), for lags from 0 to 3 days, respectively. The corresponding results in Toronto (IQR=8.8 ppb) were: 1.010 (1.004, 1.017), 1.007 (1.000, 1.013), 1.009 (1.003, 1.016), and 1.007 (1.000, 1.013). The data suggest a potential association between air pollution and increased number of ED visits for injury.

关键词： Ambient air pollution Behavior Exposure Injury Poisoning

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Gender Mainstreaming in Drought Disaster Risk Reduction

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1811卷

作者： Rr M I Retno Susilorini Rusnianti Rambu Lika Sriyana Lintang Jata Angghita Julio Ignatius Sinaga Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Master Program of Environmental and Urban Studies Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang

Climate change has affected the whole world and caused disasters, include drought. Since Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba District is the driest remote area in eastern region of Indonesia, gender inequality has affected in daily life of people in the village instead of other social and environmental problems. This research aimed to evaluate how gender mainstreaming implemented in drought disaster risk reduction in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The result of the research is expected to become a mirror that reflects Sumba island gender and development issues. The research took place in Tana Mbanas village in Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, and conducted by qualitative method with purposive data sampling. The steps taken in the research were observation, data collecting by questionnaire and in-depth interview to respondents, and literature review. It was reported that Tana Mbanas village people has given water management assistance by village fund, conducting water management counselling, saving water, and harvesting rain systems in every household. This research meets conclusions that: (1) Several programs and planned actions in water supply system and infrastructure development have become initiatives of government agencies of village authorities, BPBD and Public Work Agency of Central Sumba Regency; (2) People demonstrated vulnerability to drought as well as lack of water supply and also water resources; (3) Strong efforts should be conducted to educate people and increase women capacity in coping issues of poverty, drought, and lack of water supply; and (4) Government agencies and other private institutions have to build women capacity as their participation in enhancing gender equality and mainstreaming gender.

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The potential and prospect of biomass as primary energy in Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2021年第1期896卷

作者： A I D Lantasi Syafrudin Budiyono Master program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University

Energy is one of the needs to support daily human activities. Without energy, various activities such as industry, health, and household will be disrupted. Total energy consumption in Indonesia in 2018 reached 875 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE), which was dominated by fuel oil. It illustrates that national energy consumption is still dominated by primary energy sources originating from fossil fuels. Various previous studies have suggested the environmental and health impacts of air pollution from burning fossil fuels. This article will briefly discuss biomass as a primary energy source based on the results of literature studies. The discussion section will discuss the environmental impacts of biomass utilization based on several scientific studies and the form of biomass utilization in Indonesia that has been carried out. As a follow-up to several scientific facts, it is necessary to mix other primary energy from new and renewable energy sources.

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Correction: Study of bioaerosol disinfection kinetics and application of nonlinear regression modeling for optimization of TiO2-based photocatalytic disinfection process

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Nanotechnology for environmental engineering 2023年第1期9卷 133-133页

作者： Nishad, Vartika Mandal, Chinmoy Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India

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Comparative Assessment of Phenolic Composition Profile and Biological Activities of Green Extract and Conventional Extracts of Salvia Sclarea

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Qurada, Mohammed Mansour Duru, Mehmet Emin Kucukaydin, Selcuk Tamfu Ngengue, Alfred Ngenge Iqbal, Mudassar Bibi, Hamida Khan, Rasool Ceylan, Ozgur College of Education Seiyun University Seiyun Yemen Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mugla Sitki Kocman University Mugla48000 Turkey Department of Medical Services and Techniques Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University Mugla Koycegiz48000 Turkey Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries University of Ngaoundere 454 Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Agriculture Peshawar25000 Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar Peshawar25120 Pakistan Food Quality Control and Analysis Program Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School Mugla Sitki Kocman University Mugla Ula48147 Turkey Pharmacy Department Medical Sciences Aljanad University for Science and Technology Taiz Yemen

In recent years, green solvents have been developed and suggested to be an alternative to conventional solvents. In a current study, the green solvent was prepared at various molar proportions to extract of S. sclarea. Similarly methanolic and ultrasonic extracts the S. sclarea were prepared and subjected to study HPLC profiling antibacterial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. The phenolic composition identified by HPLC-DAD showed rosmarinic acid as the main content in all extracts, while ellagic acid was found only in the green extract. The green extract had better anti- biofilm activity in comparison to the methanolic and ultrasonic extracts agains S. aureus and E. faecalis at MIC concentration. Among the tested extracts, the ultrasonic extract showed strong inhibition of violacein production by C. violaceum with a inhibition range 05.5±0.1(MIC/32) to100±0.00(MIC), followed by green extract with a inhibition range 15.0±0.5(MIC/8) to 100±0.00(MIC). The green extract had the highest inhibition of swarming motility P. aeruginosa with inhibition 68.0±2.1(MIC) to 19.5±0.6(MIC/4). The green extract also exhibited better enzyme inhibitory activity against BChE with IC50=131.6±0.98µg/mL and against AChE with inhibition 47.00±1.50% better than methanolic and ultrasonic extracts. In contrast ultrasonic and methanoic extracts showed significant activity against urease enzyme with (IC50=171.6±0.95µg/mL and IC50=187.5±1.32µg/mL) respectively. Both green and methanolic extracts showed considerable antioxidant activities as β-carotene-linoleic acid(IC50=5.61±0.47µg/mL and 5.37±0.27µg/mL), DPPH• (IC50=19.20±0.70 µg/mL and 16.31±0.23µg/mL), ABTS•+(IC50=8.64±0.63µg/mL and 6.50±0.45µg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.5=17.22±0.36 µg/mL and 12.28±0.12 µg/mL) respectively. However, the green extract showed activity better than methanolic and ultrasonic extract in metal chelating. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antioxidants

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Optimized ensemble-based flood hazard mapping in low altitude subtropical riverine terrane

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Discover Geoscience 2024年第1期2卷 1-32页

作者： Pandey, Manish Costache, Romulus Dash, Pratik Geesupalli, Purna Durga Siddiqui, Masood A. Pandey, Prem Chandra Santosh, M. Bateni, Sayed M. Arora, Aman Marwadi University Research Centre Marwadi University Rajkot India Research Institute of the University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management Bucharest Romania Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development Tulcea Romania Department of Civil Engineering Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania Department of Geography Khejuri College (Affiliated to Vidyasagar University) Medinipur India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Department of Geography Faculty of Natural Sciences Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Greater Noida India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing China Department of Earth Science University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering and Water Resources Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu USA Université Gustave Eiffel GERS-LEE Bouguenais France

Among various natural hazards, those induced by hydrological and meteorological factors have emerged as the most frequent and damaging. India is at the second from the top, after Bangladesh, of flood hazard-affected countries of the world, causing immense damage to life and property every year. The Middle Ganga Plain in the country is one of the most severely affected regions due to the convergence of Himalayan rivers in the Ganga (Ganges) plain. This study focuses on optimizing novel ensemble models to enhance the mapping of flood hazard susceptibility in specific topoclimatic setting, characterized by a low-altitude-range, sub-tropical monsoonal climate, and a riverine floodplain environment of the tectonically active Middle Ganga Plain. This region forms part of the Ganga Foreland Basin prone to frequent floods. We employ a comprehensive flood inventory and twelve selected flood conditioning factors and is the first study that has developed these ensemble models in low relief riverine floodplain environmental setting with high resolution geomorphology as one of the conditioning factors. Four artificial intelligence ensemble models were employed in this work: Logistic Regression-Evidential Belief Function (LR-EBF), Logistic Regression-Frequency Ratio (LR-FR), Multi-Layer Perceptron-Evidential Belief Function (MLP-EBF), and Multi-Layer Perceptron-Frequency Ratio (MLP-FR). Results showed that LR-based ensembles outperformed MLP-based ensembles in the studied topoclimatic setting, with LR-EBF model achieving 87.2% and 84.7% success and prediction rates respectively. Our results reveal consistent performance differences between LR-based ensembles with FR and EBF models across different environmental settings. MLP-based ensembles, particularly with Frequency Ratio, displayed more significant performance variations. The findings underscore the importance of considering specific topoclimatic and altitudinal range environments when applying flood hazard susceptibility mod

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Mapping of Groundwater Vulnerability Index in the Alluvial Plain of Semarang City Using the Susceptibility Index Method 4

Mapping of Groundwater Vulnerability Index in the Alluvial P...

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4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Marjuanto, Adetya Arga Putranto, Thomas Triadi Sugianto, Denny Nugroho Master Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Geological Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Oceanography Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

One of the negative impacts of settlements and urbanization is the decline in groundwater quality. In maintaining the sustainability of groundwater for a long period of time, a special study is needed, which can be done by examining groundwater vulnerability. The alluvial plain of Semarang City currently faces environmental problems such as degradation of groundwater quality which is the negative impact of the settlement, The purpose of this study was to examine groundwater vulnerability in the alluvial plain area of Semarang City. The Susceptibility Index method is using a spatial analysis tool based on rating and weighting value of some parameters, i.e. Depth of groundwater, recharge, aquifer media, slope, and land use. The result of this research reveals that about 41.3% area is covered under the high vulnerable zone, 50.3% area under moderately vulnerable zone and 8.4% area under the low vulnerable zone. 7 sub districts namely Tugu, Semarang Barat, Semarang Utara, Semarang Timur, Gayamsari, Pedurungan and Genuk, most of which are in the high vulnerability zone. Whereas the Ngaliyan, Semarang Selatan, Semarang Tengah, Candisari, and Gajah Mungkur, which are mostly in the low to moderate vulnerability zones. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Land use

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Mass Transport in a Highly Immiscible Alloy on Extended Shear Deformation

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Song, Miao Liu, Jia Ma, Xiaolong Pang, Qin Olszta, Matthew J. Silverstein, Joshua Pallaka, Madhusudhan R. Sushko, Peter V. Mathaudhu, Suveen N. Powell, Cynthia Devaraj, Arun Gwalani, Bharat Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard RichlandWA99354 United States Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard RichlandWA99354 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St. GoldenCO8040 United States

Forced mixing to a single-phase or supersaturated solid solution (SSS) and its prerequisite microstructure evolution in immiscible systems has been a focus of research for fundamental science and practical applications. Controlling the formation of SSS by shear deformation could enable a material design beyond conventional equilibrium microstructure in immiscible systems. Here, a highly immiscible Cu-50 at. % Cr binary alloy (mixing enthalpy of ~ 20 kJ·mol-1) was employed to investigate the microstructure evolution and localized tendencies of SSS during severe shear deformation. Our results demonstrate the dislocation mediated microstructural refinement process in each phase of the binary alloy and the mechanisms associated with localized solute supersaturation as a function of shear strain. Pronounced grain refinement in the softer Cu phase occurs owing to the strain localization driving the preferential dynamic recrystallization. The grain refinement of the Cr phase, however, is enabled by the progressive evolution of grain lamination, splitting, and fragmentation as a function of shear strain. The solute supersaturation is found to be strongly dependent on the local environments that affect the dislocation activity, including the level of microstructure refinement, the interfacial orientation relationship, the mechanical incompatibility, and the localized preferential phase oxidation. Ab initio simulations confirm that it is more favorable to oxidize Cr than Cu at incoherent Cu/Cr interfaces, limiting the mass transport on an incoherent boundary. Our results unveil the mechanism underpinning the non-equilibrium mass transport in immiscible systems upon severe deformation that can be applied to produce immiscible alloys with superior mechanical properties. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tribology

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Back-arc basin closure at the East Asian margin during Permo-Triassic boundary: Evidence from geochemistry and U-Pb zircon data of sedimentary breccia from Maizuru Terrane, Southwest Japan

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Geosystems and Geoenvironment 2022年第3期1卷

作者： Ngombi Mavoungou, Larissa Das, Kaushik Kawaguchi, Kenta Hayasaka, Yasutaka Shibata, Tomoyuki Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan Hiroshima Institute of Plate Convergence Region Research 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Deokjin-gu Jeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896 South Korea

The paleo Maizuru back-arc basin, which was located at the East Asian continental margin opened in Early Permian times and closed during the Permo-Triassic (P-T) boundary. The back-arc basin sediments are exposed in the present-day Maizuru Terrane located in Southwest Japan and hold the key to understand the tectonic evolution of both this back-arc basin and that of the East Asian continental margin. The opening of the Maizuru back-arc basin was accompanied by the deposition of a massive black mudstone-dominated formation, presently recognized as the Maizuru Group. The closure of the back-arc basin which was accompanied by the deposition of coarse-grained materials such as the Tonoshiki breccia made up of differently-sized extremely angular clasts implies that the P-T boundary was a tectonically active period in the Maizuru Terrane. Petrographical and geochemical studies revealed that Tonoshiki breccia can be divided into two main types, a first type mainly made up of mafic to intermediate rock clast fragments (Type I) and a second type mostly consisting of felsic rock clast materials (Type II). Both types commonly contain massive black mudstone clasts that were derived from the underlying Maizuru Group. The U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology of those two types of breccia suggests that they were deposited during two phases of the tectonic activity-induced debris flow that occurred at ca. 259 Ma and ca. 251 Ma for the first and second type, respectively. Type I was sourced from the Southern zone, whereas Type II was sourced mostly from the Northern zone of the Maizuru Terrane. This switch of provenance testifies to the intense tectonic activity that reigned during the P-T boundary. The closure of the Maizuru back-arc basin was induced by the subduction of the basement crust of the basin under the East-Asian continent during the P-T boundary. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Back-arc basin closure Geochemistry Maizuru Terrane Permo-Triassic boundary Tonoshiki breccia U-Pb zircon age

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ANTARCTICA AND THE SOUTHERN OCEAN

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2023年第9期104卷 S322-S365页

作者： Clem, Kyle R. Raphael, Marilyn N. School of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Earth Science Observation Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (ESOC/CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Earth and Environmental Science Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania Department of Meteorology University of Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2 Santiago Chile British Antarctic Survey Cambridge United Kingdom Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham Maryland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) DeBilt The Netherlands Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Department of Geography Ohio University Athens Ohio NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena California NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division Boulder Colorado University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado National Oceanography Centre Southampton United Kingdom. Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and Sciences Madison Area Technical College Madison Wisconsin Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Earth Science and Observation Center CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Colorado University of St. Andrews St Andrews United Kingdom Princeton University Princeton New Jersey Australian Antarctic Division Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP) and Australian Centre fo

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