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作者： Kumar Nayak, Samit Saurabh, S.M. Kar, Abhijeet Bhusan Sahoo, Bibhuti Kumar Sahoo, Naresh Kumar Sahoo, Prasanta Department of Mechanical Engineering Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University Bhubneswar751030 India Department of Chemistry Environmental Science and Technology Program Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University Odisha Bhubaneswar751030 India

Plastic is one of the most serious environmental threats. Plastic is a non-biodegradable substance that releases various hazardous compounds that cause cancer and other serious illnesses, as well as endangering aquatic life and polluting the environment. The use of waste plastic in the production of a variety of nanomaterials can protect people and the surroundings from the dangers of plastic waste, while simultaneously producing useful compounds for other applications. This critical review summarizes the current plastic waste circumstances investigation of the worldwide energy crisis, as well as a recent development in the structural forms and presents a situational investigation of common plastic waste into valuable carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) like carbon quantum dots, carbon nanoparticles, Carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, and 3D porous carbon, which can be used as supercapacitor electrode materials. The impact of various structural alterations on CNMs on the charge storage mechanism has been widely addressed for the manufacture of high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors, and their future potential. We think that our review reveals a promising long-term strategy for using plastic waste for supercapacitor electrode applications, as well as a new way for humanity's future energy and waste management challenges. © 2022

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Solar-driven surface-heating membrane distillation using Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated spacers

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Chemosphere 2024年 351卷 141129页

作者： Almarzooqi, Noora Alwan, Rawan Abu AlMarzooqi, Faisal Ghaffour, Noreddine Hong, Seunghyun Arafat, Hassan A. Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates Khalifa University Abu Dhabi127788 United Arab Emirates King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Environmental Science & Engineering Program Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science & Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) MXenes as efficient light-to-heat conversion materials offers significant potential for solar-based desalination, particularly in photothermal interfacial evaporation, enabling cost-effective solar-powered membrane distillation (MD). This study investigates solar-powered MD afforded by a photothermally functionalized spacer, which is built by spray-coating Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets on metallic spacers. 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene gives an ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency;thereby, by Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated metallic spacer, this rationally designed spacer allows for a localized photothermal conversion and interfacial feed heating effect on the membrane surface, especially for MD operation. As a feed spacer and a photothermal element, Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated metallic spacer exhibited stable enhanced water flux of up to 0.36 kg·m−2h−1 under one sun illumination for a feed salinity of 35 g·L−1, corresponding energy conversion efficiency of 28.3 %. Overall, the developed photothermal Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated spacers displayed great potential in enhancing the performance, scalability, and feasibility of solar-driven MD process, paving the way for further development of photothermal elements that can be implemented in solar MD applications. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Evaporation

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Macroalgae as Blue Carbon Reservoirs and Bioindicators of Metal Pollution in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea: A Comparative Study of Coral Reef and Seagrass Meadow Habitats

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Cai, Chunzhi Anton, Andrea Duarte, Carlos M. Agusti, Susana King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Marine Science Program The Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies Esporles Illes Balears07190 Spain

Macroalgae are vital components of blue carbon ecosystems, yet their elemental compositions in the Red Sea are not well understood. This study analyzed 22 elements in 161 macroalgae blades from 13 species in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Macroalgae from coral reefs had higher K, As, and Sr but lower TN (Total nitrogen), Na, Mg, Al, P, S, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Zn compared to those from seagrass meadows, likely due to proximity to human activities. In the Southern Red Sea, macroalgae showed lower Sr but higher TOC (Total organic carbon), TN, P, and Cd compared to the North, suggesting nutrient inflows from the Indian Ocean. Macroalgae blades have lower carbon sequestration capacity than seagrass and mangrove leaves but are more effective bioindicators of metal pollution. Halymenia sp., Caulerpa taxifolia, and Dyctiota sp. showed the highest TOC, TN, and P contents among red, green, and brown macroalgae, highlighting their role in carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. Amphiroa fragilissima, Udotea flabellum, and Padina sp. emerged as promising metal pollution bioindicators. Macroalgae from Al Birk, Al Lith, Thuwal, Yanbu, and Al Wajh exhibited alarming Cr (~10.9 mg kg−1) and Ni (~27.2 mg kg−1) levels, exceeding toxicity thresholds, urging stringent pollution control measures. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomarkers

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Non-Human Primate Monitoring System: Early Alert System Against Crop Raids for Farms in Nepal

Non-Human Primate Monitoring System: Early Alert System Agai...

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IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)

作者： Daniil Slutskiy Zach Jacques Nuno Bazarian Saurav Basnet Amir Poudel Prakash Manandhar School of Engineering Wentworth Institute of Technology Boston Massachusetts USA Environmental Science and Policy Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Program of Computer Science Wentworth Institute of Technology Boston Massachusetts USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350377347

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377354

The ongoing shift of populations from rural villages to urban centers in Nepal has led to farmland abandonment, drawing wildlife, particularly rhesus macaques, closer to human settlements. This proximity has resulted in frequent crop raids, causing substantial agricultural damage, and affecting the wellbeing of farmers. Traditional non-lethal deterrent methods, including noisemakers and netting, have proven ineffective. To address this issue, the described project aimed to develop a surveillance system using AI technology and IoT modules to detect macaque raids and alert farmers promptly. The system comprises a Raspberry Pi equipped with a camera and microphone, designed to detect motion and process live video feeds for monkey detection. Audio data is also recorded for future model training. Unlike solutions requiring extensive infrastructure, this system is costeffective and deployable in remote areas without specialized transceivers. Initial tests indicate the system's potential to protect crops and enhance farmers’ quality of life, fostering a harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife in Nepal.

关键词： Training Surveillance Wildlife Crops Cameras Transceivers Data models Feeds Artificial intelligence Microphones

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Waste Plastics and Microplastics in Africa: Negative Impacts and Opportunities

Waste Plastics and Microplastics in Africa: Negative Impacts...

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2021 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Abdellatif, Gaber Mahmoud, Ahmed S. Peters, Robert W. Mostafa, Mohamed K. Environmental Engineering Program Zewail City of Science and Technology Giza Egypt Badr Egypt Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham BirminghamAL United States Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781713852834

Waste plastics and microplastic pollution are two of the most pressing global issues during the past few decades, since the beginning of plastic mass production either for direct use in packaging and plastic products, or for indirect use for plastic dependent industries. The issue is even more problematic for Africa due to the late catch-up of the industrialization and urbanization boom for most of the African countries, which is usually accompanied with intensive production, consumption, and waste generation of plastics. Moreover, the growing population, cheaper costs of plastic products, and minor importance of environmental conservation in developing countries in Africa are making it an easy choice to expand in plastic use and wastage. African countries have imported about 172 Mton of polymers and plastics valued between 1990 and 2017, and the per capita consumption of plastic in Africa in 2015 was 16 kg/capita/year. While plastic is very important for populations, inappropriate disposal or treatment of plastic waste can introduce hazardous and toxic materials to our environment and ecosystem like microplastics that usually consists of persistent polymers, and other toxic plastic additives like plasticizers, antioxidants, and stabilizers. Moreover, 79% of plastic waste worldwide is being discharged to landfills or open environments. That's why mixed plastic waste was listed as hazardous waste in the Basel Convention. Therefore, this paper provides a review of the life cycle of plastics in. Production and importing will be discussed, important usages will also be elaborated, and most importantly plastic waste production and current plastic waste management techniques will be evaluated and highlighted, and drawbacks of current strategies will be addressed. Finally, recommendations about better waste management strategies will be provided. © 2021 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plastic products

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Estimation of Internal Solitary Waves Propagation Speeds and Occurrence using Long-term Sentinel-1 SAR Data in the Lombok Strait, Indonesia

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年 18卷 13770-13777页

作者： Chonnaniyah As-Syakur, Abd. Rahman Raharja, I Made Dharma Osawa, Takahiro Environmental Engineering Program Denpasar Bali80119 Indonesia Udayana University Marine Science Department Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Bukit Jimbaran Campus Bali80361 Indonesia Denpasar Bali80234 Indonesia Yamaguchi Ube755- 8611 Japan

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are necessary for ocean observations and useful for detecting internal solitary waves (ISWs). Sentinel-1 provides free and open data access, and offers valuable long-term datasets for ISW studies. The Lombok Strait is well known for its large ISW amplitude in SAR images. This strait is an outflow for the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which plays a crucial role in global thermohaline circulation. A nine-year dataset of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery in the Lombok Strait areas was utilized for the first time to analyze the occurrence frequency detection and propagation speed estimation of ISWs. This study proposes combining information from Sentinel-1 images with tidal predictions from a model to estimate the propagation speed of ISWs in the Lombok Strait. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between ISW occurrence and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index (0.365), while the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index had a negligible influence (-0.006). For ISW propagation speeds, there was moderate negative correlation with ENSO (-0.30) and a weak negative correlation with IOD (-0.18), suggesting that ENSO-related changes in ocean stratification have a stronger impact on ISW propagation. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis identified a 54-month cycle of ISW occurrence and a 12-month cycle of propagation speed, highlighting the effects of long-term climatic oscillations and seasonal patterns on ISW dynamics. This research demonstrates the utility of remote sensing techniques, such as SAR, in detecting ISW surface signatures, although biases remain compared to in-situ measurements due to limitations in temporal resolution and environmental factors. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fourier analysis

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Destroying perfluorooctanoic acid in water by continuous liquid-phase plasma discharge

Destroying perfluorooctanoic acid in water by continuous liq...

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2023 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, ASABE 2023

作者： Rivera, Celiannie Nasir, Alia Aka, Robinson Junior Ndeddy Deng, Shaobo Wu, Sarah Environmental Science Program University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States Southern Research and Outreach Center University of Minnesota 35838120th ST WasecaMN56093 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713885887

Water pollution by per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has become a major concern that needs to be dealt with immediately. In this study, a novel, continuous-flow, liquid-phase plasma discharge reactor (CLPD) was evaluated for its effectiveness and efficiency in removing PFOA in water. Argon was used as the carrier gas to evaluate other operating parameters including gas flow rate, water flow rate, water conductivity, and power applied using a two-level partial factorial design. The results showed that gas flow rate was the most significant factor among the four factors affecting the removal efficiency of PFOA by CLPD (p = 0.0029). The best combination of the four operating parameters was obtained (conductivity = 300 µs/cm, water flow rate = 150 mL/min, gas flow rate = 1.5 sL/min, and power = 100 W), under which the CFLPPD could achieve a PFOA removal rate of 93.4%. The breakdown pathway was estimated to be from PFOA to PFHPA, to PFHXA, to PFHeA, to PFBA, and then to H2O, CO2, F, and short-chain organics. © 2023 ASABE Annual International Meeting. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Water pollution

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Continuous wildfires threaten public and ecosystem health under climate change across continents

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Frontiers of environmental science & engineering 2024年第10期18卷 165-174页

作者： Guochao Chen Minghao Qiu Peng Wang Yuqiang Zhang Drew Shindell Hongliang Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Doerr School of Sustainability and Center for Innovation in Global Health Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and Program in Public HealthStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Atmospheric and Marine Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Institute of Eco-Chongming Shanghai 200062China

Wildfires burn approximately 3%-4% of the global land area annually,resulting in massive emissions of greenhouse gases and air *** the past two decades,there has been a declining trend in both global burned area and wildfire *** trend is largely attributed to a decrease in wildfire activity in Africa,which accounts for a substantial portion of the total burned area and ***,the northern high-latitude regions of Asia and North America have witnessed substantial interannual variability in wildfire activity,with several severe events occurring in recent *** plays a pivotal role in influencing wildfire activity and has led to more wildfires in high-latitude *** wildfires pose significant threats to climate,ecosystems,and human *** recent changes in wildfire patterns and their impacts,it is critical to understand the contributors of wildfires,focus on deteriorating high-latitude areas,and address health risks in poorly managed areas tomitigate wildfire effects.

关键词： Wildfire activity Wildfire emissions Climate change Airquality

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Occurrence of cadmium in groundwater in China: a review

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Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2022年第17期15卷 1-13页

作者： Hoareau, Carol Emilly Hadibarata, Tony Yılmaz, Murat Environmental Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia Miri Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Osmaniye Türkiye

China has one of the world’s fastest-growing economies due to its increase in various industrial activities. A side effect of economic growth is severe environmental problems such as heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater. Anthropogenic activities are the main sources of cadmium which is highly mobile and toxic with the potential to bioaccumulate in the ecosystem. It can contaminate ground and river water consequently negatively impacting agriculture and water sources. Anthropogenic source of Cd concentrations in China is 0.002 mg/L in drinking water, 0.102 mg/kg in soil, and 0.23–0.96 mg/kg in paddy soil. Geological trends and health implications of cadmium contamination in Human, southern China were analyzed. Source, transportation, and various conventional remediation processes exist today and can be categorized as biological, physical, and chemical. Using nanoparticle technology, it has been found that adsorption capacities can be 3 to 4 times higher compared to using powdered activated carbon. From the experiment carried out, a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.86 mg/g for cadmium was obtained. Cadmium intake in south China populations occurred at an alarming rate and most children were at greater risk of being affected. Therefore, cadmium contamination should be taken seriously by the responsible authorities.

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Nucleation effects of coccoliths in portland cement

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Matter 2025年

作者： Beatty, Danielle N. Srubar, Wil V. Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder 4001 Discovery Drive UCB 027 BoulderCO80303 United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 1111 Engineering Drive ECOT 441 UCB 428 BoulderCO80309 United States

This work explores the use of photosynthesized coccoliths (intricate CaCO3 particles) as a nucleation agent or cement replacement in portland cement paste. First, coccoliths were produced and harvested from the marine microalgae Emiliania huxleyi and the particle size, morphology, and mineralogy were characterized. Then, the nucleation effects of E. huxleyi coccoliths as seeding agent (0.5, 1, 3, or 5 wt % additions) and limestone filler (5 and 15 wt % cement replacements) were studied using isothermal conduction calorimetry and compressive strength testing. The results were compared with five commercially available CaCO3 sources used as nucleation agents and fillers. While the high surface area of coccoliths (12.22 m2/g) enhanced water demand, it also enhanced nucleation during cement hydration without accelerating hydration, leading to enhanced early-age strength without detriments to 28-day strength. Results highlight a potential carbon reduction strategy, namely employing photosynthesis as a method of mineral admixture production, for the cement and concrete industry. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Portland cement

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