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MEASUREMENT OF LABORATORY AND AMBIENT AEROSOLS WITH TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROLLED NEPHELOMETRY

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 1985年第7期19卷 1181-1190页

作者： ROOD, MJ LARSON, TV COVERT, DS AHLQUIST, NC Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil Engineering FX-10 University of Washington WA 98195 U.S.A.

The relationships between fine particle light scattering extinction coefficient, relative humidity and temperature can be used to quantify sulfate mass concentration and composition for laboratory generated and ambient aerosols. This measurement involves the use of an integrating nephelometer as well as a system for controlling the temperature and relative humidity of the air directly upstream of the nephelometer. Recent improvements in the control of these variables has subsequently enhanced the ability to detect the presence of sulfate compounds in complex atmospheric mixtures. Measurements at 2 urban sites (Seattle, Washington and Riverside, California) indicate the presence of fine particle sulfate compounds mixed with more volatile compounds. Measurements at a background site (Ozette Lake, Washington) indicate a mixture of acidic sulfate compounds with compounds that are less volatile than (NH4)2SO4.

关键词： Aerosol sulfate hygroscopic thermal decomposition humidograph thermograph

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Unraveling the genomic and metabolic mechanisms of pyrene and phenanthrene degradation by Mycolicibacterium sp. SCSIO 43805: A high-Efficiency bacterium isolated from seagrass sediment

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International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 2025年 202卷

作者： Ahmad, Manzoor Liang, Tongyin Zhang, Yuhang Wang, Youshao Gu, Jidong Cheng, Hao Masmoudi, Khaled Zhou, Weiguo Yang, Qingsong Huang, Xiaofang Dong, Junde Ling, Juan CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou511458 China Department of Integrative Agriculture College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box Al Ain United Arab Emirates Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya572000 China CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering SCSIO Sanya572000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Environmental Science and Engineering Program Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong Shantou515063 China

The ability of microorganisms to break down persistent organic pollutants in the environment has sparked significant interest in bioremediation, as it provides a firm foundation for implementing an effective, robust, and eco-friendly approach. In this study, we isolated a bacterium, identified as Mycolicibacterium sp. SCSIO 43805, from seagrass sediments and studied its potential for degrading pyrene and phenanthrene. The stain effectively degraded pyrene and phenanthrene, both provided at a concentration of 50 mg/L, within 12 days of incubation, as evidenced by the absence of any noticeable peaks related to pyrene and phenanthrene in the GC-MS profile of the 12-day extract. Moreover, the whole genome sequence analysis unveiled a comprehensive array of genes crucial for the complete degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Multiple copies of dioxygenases such as nidA, nidB and nidD and monooxygenase such as cytochrome P450, which are essential for initial cleavage of aromatic rings, were detected in the genome of the Mycolicibacterium sp. SCSIO 43805. Furthermore, based on the gene contents and metabolic profiling of the extracts, we speculated that Mycolicibacterium sp. SCSIO 43805 could degrade pyrene, phenanthrene and other PAHs via phthalate and β-Ketoadipate pathway. The comparative genomics with other member of the genus Mycolicibacterium showed that Mycolicibacterium sp. SCSIO 43805 possessed a maximum number of genes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Hence, based on results of genomic, comparative genomics and metabolic profiling, Mycolicibacterium sp. SCSIO 43805 demonstrated high ability in degrading persistent organic pollutants and is an excellent biological agent for bioremediation of contaminated environment. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Aromatization

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Mitigating offshore oily wastewater pollution: Sustainable strategies for treatment, disposal, and reuse

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Marine Pollution Bulletin 2025年 219卷

作者： Rajab Abousnina Noreddine Ghaffour Long D. Nghiem School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Curtin University Perth 6102 Australia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Environmental Science & Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia

Oily wastewater, a major byproduct of petroleum oil and gas production, poses serious environmental risks if not effectively treated. This review analyses the composition of oily wastewater, assesses current treatment methods, and explores strategies to improve efficiency while reducing capital and operational costs. Data corroborated from this work suggests that integrated treatment systems are more effective than single-method approach. Membrane-based technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), and membrane distillation (MD) show promise in improving pollutant removal and energy efficiency. However, persistent challenges such as membrane fouling, high capital and operational costs, and membrane stability necessitate further innovation in materials development and hybrid system design. This review highlights the potential of well-designed hybrid systems for offshore oily wastewater treatment. Such systems can significantly enhance contaminant removal while minimising energy consumption and operational costs. Overcoming technical challenges and advancing membrane technologies will be essential for more sustainable and cost-effective oily wastewater treatment.

关键词： Petroleum oil and gas Oily wastewater Hybrid system technologies Offshore Membrane technologies

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REVERSIBLE AND RESISTANT COMPONENTS OF PCB ADSORPTION DESORPTION - ISOTHERMS

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environmental science & TECHNOLOGY 1982年第9期16卷 594-602页

作者： DITORO, DM HORZEMPA, LM Environmental Engineering and Science Program Manhattan College Bronx New York 10471 United States

Results from laboratory equilibration studies indicate that sediment-adsorbed 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) fractions may be comprised of both reversibly and strongly bound or resistant components. This evidence suggests that for many environmental modeling efforts it may be inappropriate to treat this and other PCB isomer adsorption reactions as either completely reversible or completely irreversible. The initial refinement of such models requires a means of estimating the relative magnitudes of the respective sorbed PCB fractions. To this end, a computational method has been derived to allow prediction of the magnitude of the reversible and more strongly adsorbed HCBP fractions from conventional isotherm data. The derivation, which is based upon experimentally observed linear HCBP isotherms, has also been applied to other organic molecules of similar isotherm character. This methodology provides an initial quantitative approximation of the strongly bound, resistant, sediment fractions while utilizing relatively simple experimental adsorption–desorption data. Results suggest that for montmorillonite clay, kaolinite clay, and natural lake sediment (Saginaw Bay, MI) linear isotherms effectively describe the relationships between both adsorbed HCBP fractions and the aqueous HCBP concentration. The implications of these and other model predictions for the cycling of PCB's in natural waters are discussed. © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Soot in the arctic snowpack: a cause for perturbations in radiative transfer

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Atmospheric Environment 2007年第SUPPL.期41卷 64-72页

作者： Clarke, Antony D. Noone, Kevin J. Environmental Engineering and Science Program Civil Engineering Department University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States

Recent data collected in the Arctic have demonstrated the transport of atmospheric aerosol of anthropogenic origin into that region. Concern over the radiative effect of the highly-absorbing soot component of this aerosol has resulted in a variety of atmospheric sampling efforts aimed at assessing the climatic impact of this component. However, little attention has been given to the measurement of soot deposited on the Arctic snowpack and the resulting perturbation of snow albedo, snowmelt rates and radiative transfer. Here we report measurements of light-absorbing material in the Arctic snowpack for longitudes from 25 E to 160 W. The contributions to light absorption due to natural crustal and soot aerosol are identified by their wavelength dependence. Reductions in Arctic snow albedo of one to several percent appear probable for the soot/ice mass fractions obtained to date. Estimates of the impact of this reduced albedo on the Arctic radiation budget over a season are shown to approximately equal that of the Arctic haze itself. The absorption of shortwave radiation by the springtime snowpack is estimated to be 5-10% higher than that of soot-free snow for this data. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aerosols

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CIWARS: A Web Server for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Using Longitudinal Metagenomic Data

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Journal of Molecular Biology 2025年

作者： Emon, Muhit Islam Cheung, Yat Fei Stoll, James Rumi, Monjura Afrin Brown, Connor Choi, Joung Min Moumi, Nazifa Ahmed Ahmed, Shafayat Song, Haoqiu Sein, Justin Yao, Shunyu Khan, Ahmad Gupta, Suraj Kulkarni, Rutwik Butt, Ali Vikesland, Peter Pruden, Amy Zhang, Liqing Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States Fralin Life Science Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Virginia Tech Blacksburg 24060 VA United States

The rise of antibiotic resistance (AR) poses a substantial threat to human and animal health, food security, and economic stability. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has emerged as a powerful strategy for population-level AR monitoring, providing valuable data to guide public health and policy decisions. Metagenomic sequencing is especially promising, as it can yield comprehensive profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and other genes relevant to AR in a single run. However, online analytical platforms to facilitate analysis of longitudinal metagenomic data are lacking. To address this, we introduce CyberInfrastructure for Waterborne Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance (CIWARS), a web server configured for characterizing key AR trends from longitudinal metagenomic WBS data. CIWARS offers comprehensive profiling of ARGs and taxonomic profiling of pathogen-associated bacterial taxonomic groups, identifies potential associations of ARGs with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and pathogen-containing taxa, and assesses resistome risk based on the co-occurrence of ARGs, MGEs, and pathogen-like sequences. Additionally, it detects anomalous AR indicators over time, aiding in identifying potential events of concern, such as the emergence of resistant strains or outbreaks. Through interactive temporal data visualization, CIWARS enables AR monitoring and can serve as a tool to inform effective and timely interventions to mitigate the spread and transmission of AR. Here, CIWARS is demonstrated using longitudinal metagenomic data from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent, but it can be extended to any environment. CIWARS provides a valuable tool to support global efforts to combat the evolution and spread of AR, while also guiding agricultural and public health efforts aimed at optimizing antibiotic use. The web server is freely available at https://***/. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： anomaly detection antibiotic resistance (AR) AR indicator profiling longitudinal metagenomics wastewater-based surveillance

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MODELING OF TRACE ORGANICS BIOTRANSFORMATION IN THE SUBSURFACE

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GROUND WATER 1984年第4期22卷 433-440页

作者： BOUWER, EJ MCCARTY, PL Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering University of Houston—University Park Houston Texas 77004. Environmental Engineering and Science Civil Engineering Department Stanford California 94305.

Biofilm processes are potentially important for transformation of organic micropollutants in ground water. Some theoretical hypotheses and empirical observations suggest that a concentration threshold exists for some compounds below which the concentration cannot be reduced by bacterial action. In the presence of 1 compound at a relatively high concentration, termed the primary substrate, another compound present at trace concentrations, termed the secondary substrate, can be biotransformed as well. These concepts were evaluated through laboratory column studies with several halogenated organic compounds of importance in ground water. A biofilm model successfully described utilization of trace substrates, and application to modeling the subsurface was discussed. A simplified batch model with 1st order kinetics may have been adequate for describing subsurface microbial processes when low active organism and pollutant concentrations existed over a large scale.

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INTEGRATING SANDWICH - A NEW METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF THE LIGHT-ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FOR ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES

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APPLIED OPTICS 1982年第16期21卷 3011-3020页

作者： CLARKE, AD []The author is with University of Washington Department of Civil Engineering Environmental Engineering Science Program Seattle Washington 98195.

A new technique has been developed for determination of optical depths δa as low as 0.0005 for thin layers of absorbing materials or particles. The measurement involves optical amplification of the absorption and is ... 详细信息

A new technique has been developed for determination of optical depths δ_a as low as 0.0005 for thin layers of absorbing materials or particles. The measurement involves optical amplification of the absorption and is not affected by the scattering properties of the absorber. This is accomplished by introducing the absorber into the virtually isotropic radiation field between two high-reflectance diffusing wafers and measuring the resultant attenuation of the transmitted light. The technique has been directed toward determination of the absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols in remote and relatively unpolluted locations. Provided appropriate collection filters and sampling conditions are used, the method can establish an absorption coefficient for the aerosol as low as 5 × 10^?9 m^?1 within a 10-h sampling period. A proportionally higher absorption coefficient requires proportionally less sample time. This paper discusses instrument design, the theoretical optical model, laboratory calibration, and a field test of the technique.

关键词： Absorption coefficient Atmospheric absorption Cloud effects Multiple scattering Optical depth Radiative transfer

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CONTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC BLUE-GREEN-ALGAL RECRUITMENT TO LAKE POPULATIONS AND PHOSPHORUS TRANSLOCATION

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FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 1992年第2期27卷 249-260页

作者： BARBIERO, RP WELCH, EB Environmental Engineering & Science Program Department of Civil Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA U.S.A.

1. A two-season investigation was undertaken to determine the contribution of benthic recruitment to the population development of several species of blue-green algae. 2. Gloeotrichia echinulata populations were shown to be heavily subsidized by benthic recruitment, deriving on average 40% of their planktonic colonies from the benthos. 3. Benthic recruitment of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae;Anabaena flos-aquae and a second Anabaena species contributed less than 2% to planktonic increases, while Microcystis aeruginosa recruitment was negligible. 4. Phosphorus translocation via migrating G. echinulata accounted for most of the phosphorus (P) in the planktonic colonies, and constituted a significant portion of the internal loading of the lake. 5. Estimated P translocation via Aph. flos-aquae was relatively minor, although there was evidence of luxury uptake in the benthos.

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EFFECTS OF FILTER INTERNAL-REFLECTION COEFFICIENT ON LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS MADE USING THE INTEGRATING PLATE METHOD

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APPLIED OPTICS 1982年第16期21卷 3021-3031页

作者： CLARKE, AD []The author is with University of Washington Department of Civil Engineering Environmental Engineering Science Program Seattle Washington 98195.

Optical properties of Nuclepore filter media, as used in the integrating plate (IP) method for determination of aerosol light absorption, have been examined. It has been shown that the internal reflectance is high for the Nuclepore filters typically used and that changes in this value result in spurious contributions to absorption measurements. It has been found that aerosol particles on the filter surface can substantially alter the internal reflection coefficient of this material for a wide variety of aerosol types. The amount and nature of this change are found to vary with optical and physical properties of the aerosol in contact with the filter surface. A simple mathematical model of the optical system is described that allows for variations in Nuclepore internal reflectance. Implications of this model and data suggest that light absorption measurements as determined via the IP method may be systematically overestimated for certain samples by as much as 30%. Estimates of the magnitude of this inaccuracy for a given IP absorption measurement are presented based on the model and supplementary back reflectance measurements.

关键词： Absorption coefficient Diffuse reflectance Multiple scattering Optical properties Particle scattering Reflection coefficient

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