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SSRN 2025年

作者： Joo, Hyun-Woo Fyfe, Matthew H. Verdú, Irene Rahmaninezhad, Seyed Ali Sales, Christopher M. Srubar, Wil V. Hubler, Mija H. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States 1111 Engineering Drive – UCB 428 ECOT 441 BoulderCO80309-0422 United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States Environmental Department Terracon Consulting Inc. The ColonyTX United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Biology

This study investigates the ureolysis and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) characteristics of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under varying incubation and reaction conditions. A series of batch MICP experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation duration and pH, bacterial cell density, and reagent (i.e., urea and calcium ion) concentrations on ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation characteristics. The findings indicate that both bacteria exhibit higher urease activity after 24 hours of incubation compared to 48 hours, regardless of incubation pH. S. pasteurii exhibits maximum specific urease activity at an alkaline pH (pH 9.0), whereas L. sphaericus reaches peak activity at a neutral pH (pH 7.2). Across six incubation conditions for each bacterium, S. pasteurii exhibits greater sensitivity in specific urease activity, while L. sphaericus maintains a more consistent ureolysis performance. In terms of cell density, a lower OD600 (~0.1) enhances specific urease activity and early-stage mineralization efficiency, whereas a higher OD600 (~1.0) accelerates overall CaCO3 precipitation, enhances terminal-stage mineralization efficiency, and promotes the prolonged presence of vaterite. High reagent concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) enhance specific urease activity and CaCO3 precipitation rates and lead to over 93% of vaterite formation, while low reagent concentration (0.3 M) favors calcite-dominant precipitation over time. These findings provide insights into evaluating and optimizing MICP performance under varying incubation and reaction conditions. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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Carbon-negative cement-bonded biochar particleboards

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 219-227页

作者： Liang Chen Yuying Zhang Claudia Labianca Lei Wang Shaoqin Ruan Chi Sun Poon Yong Sik Ok Daniel C.W.Tsang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Research Centre for Resources Engineering Towards Carbon Neutrality The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program&Division of Environmental Science and Ecological EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea

Biochar from bio-waste pyrolysis presents excellent CO_(2) sequestration *** study innovated the design of cement-bonded particleboards utilizing a substantial amount of 50-70 wt.%pre-soaked biochar to render the products *** investigated the roles of biochar in magnesium oxysulfate cement(MOSC)system and demonstrated good mechanical and functional properties of biochar cement *** the presence of biochar,the amounts of hydration products were enriched in the cement systems as illustrated by the thermogravi-metric analyses(TGA)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).We further incorporated supplementary cementitious materials(SCMs)and generated 5 Mg(OH)_(2)⋅MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O(5-1-7)phase in the MOSC *** a result,our designs of biochar particleboards satisfied the standard requirements for flexural strength(>5.5 MPa)and thickness swelling(<2%).Moreover,our biochar particleboards presented a low thermal conductivity as the biochar pores disrupted thermal bridging within *** illustrated that the high dosage ratio of biochar could significantly offset the CO_(2) emissions of the particleboards(i.e.,carbon-negative)via life cycle *** economic profits could also be accomplished for the biochar *** instance,the 50BC-MOSC bonded particleboard(with 50 wt.%pre-soaked biochar as aggregate,50 wt.%MOSC as binder)with promising mechanical properties could store 137 kg CO_(2) tonne^(−1) and yield an overall economic profit of 92 to 116 USD m^(−3) depending on the carbon prices in different *** summary,our new designs of carbon-negative biochar particleboards could curtail carbon emissions in the construction materials and promote the realization of carbon neutrality and circular economy.

关键词： Biochar-cement composite Carbon neutrality Wood waste biochar Magnesium oxysulfate cement Climate-positive construction materials

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Molecular simulation-guided and physics-informed mechanistic modeling of multifunctional polymers

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第5期37卷 725-745,I0002页

作者： Guang Chen Weikang Xian Qiming Wang Ying Li Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Polymeric materials have a broad range of mechanical and physical *** have been widely used in material science,biomedical engineering,chemical engineering,and mechanical *** introduction of active elements into the soft matrix of polymers has enabled much more diversified functionalities of polymeric materials,such as self-healing,electroactive,magnetosensitive,pH-responsive,and many *** further enable applications of these multifunctional polymers,a mechanistic modeling method is required and of great significance,as it can provide links between materials’micro/nano-structures and their macroscopic mechanical *** this goal,molecular simulation plays an important role in understanding the deformation and evolution of polymer networks under external loads and *** molecular insights provide physical guidance in the formulation of mechanistic-based continuum models for multifunctional *** this perspective,we present a molecular simulation-guided and physics-informed modeling framework for polymeric ***,the physical theory for polymer chains and their networks is briefly *** serves as the foundation for mechanistic-models of polymers,linking their chemistry,physics,and mechanics ***,the deformation of the polymer network is used to derive the strain energy density ***,the corresponding continuum models can capture the intrinsic deformation mechanisms of polymer *** then highlight several representative examples across multiphysics coupling problems to describe in detail for this proposed *** but not least,we discuss potential challenges and opportunities in the modeling of multifunctional polymers for future research directions.

关键词： Molecular simulation Multiphysics modeling Multiscale modeling Multifunctional polymers Soft Matter

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Deseasonalized trend of ground-level ozone and its precursors in an industrial city Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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environmental Pollution 2024年 351卷 124036页

作者： Nguyen, Duy-Hieu Liao, Chih-Hsiang Bui, Xuan-Thanh Wang, Lin-Chi Yuan, Chung-Shin Lin, Chitsan Program in Maritime Science and Technology College of Maritime National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung811213 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering and Science Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan71710 Taiwan 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street District 10 Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Linh Trung ward Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung811213 Taiwan

Mitigating ground-level ozone (GLO) remains challenging due to its highly nonlinear formation process. Thus, understanding GLO pollution trends is crucial for developing effective control strategies, especially Kaohsiung industrial city, Taiwan. Based on the long-term monitoring data set of 2011–2022, temporal analysis reveals that monthly mean GLO peaks in autumn (40.66 ± 5.10 ppb), carbon monoxide (CO) and major precursors such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) reach their highest levels in winter. The distinct seasonal variation of air pollutants in Kaohsiung is primarily influenced by the unique blocking effect of the mountainous area under the northeasterly wind, as the city is situated downwind, causing high GLO levels during autumn due to the accumulation of stagnant air hindering the dispersion of pollutants. Over the 12 years (2011–2022), the deseasonalized trend analysis was conducted with p x) at −0.63 ppb/yr due to significantly reducing their precursors. Furthermore, the effectiveness of precursor reduction is also supported by GLO daily maximum profile changes. While high GLO events (>120 ppb) decrease, days within midrange (60–80 ppb) rise from 24.4% to 33.3%. A notable difference emerges when comparing daytime and nighttime GLO. While daytime GLO decreased at −0.22 ppb/yr, nighttime GLO increased at +0.34 ppb/yr. Weakened nocturnal titration effects accounted for the nighttime increase. The distinct spatial variations in GLO trends on a citywide scale underscore that areas with complicated industrial activities may not benefit from a continuing reduction of precursors compared to less-polluted areas. The findings of this study hold significant implications for improving GLO control strategies in heavily industrialized city and provide valuable information to the general public about the current state of GLO pollution. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nitrogen oxides

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Dataset of polarimetric images of mechanically generated water surface waves coupled with surface elevation records by wave gauges linear array.

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ginio, Noam Lindenbaum, Michael Fishbain, Barak Liberzon, Dan Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion Haifa320003 Israel Faculty of Computer Science Technion Haifa320003 Israel Interdisciplinary Program for Marine Engineering Technion Haifa320003 Israel

Effective spatio-temporal measurements of water surface elevation (water waves) in laboratory experiments are essential for scientific and engineering research. Existing techniques are often cumbersome, computationally heavy and generally suffer from limited wavenumber/frequency response. To address these challenges a novel method was developed, using polarization filter equipped camera as the main sensor and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for data processing [1,2]. The developed method training and evaluation was based on in-house made supervised dataset. Here we present this supervised dataset of polarimetric images of the water surface coupled with the water surface elevation measurements made by a linear array of resistance-type wave gauges (WG). The water waves were mechanically generated in a laboratory waves basin, and the polarimetric images were captured under an artificial light source. Meticulous camera and WGs calibration and instruments synchronization supported high spatio-temporal resolution. The data set covers several wavefield conditions, from simple monochromatic wave trains of various steepness, to irregular wavefield of JONSWAP prescribed spectral shape and several wave breaking scenarios. The dataset contains measurements repeated in several camera positions relative to the wave field propagation direction. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Water waves

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Increasing risk of oppressive heatwaves over India in the future warming

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sudharsan, Naveen Singh, Jitendra Ghosh, Subimal Karmakar, Subhankar Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Centre for Urban Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India

The frequency of heatwave events has been increasing with climate change across the globe, causing devastating impacts on human and natural systems. Particularly, the co-occurrence of high temperature with high humidity has the potential of worse impacts on human health than extreme temperature alone. We use observations to examine the characteristics of extreme (high temperature and low humidity) and oppressive (high temperature and high humidity) heatwaves and their impacts on human mortality. We also use climate model simulations to understand the likelihood of heatwaves under varied warming conditions in future climates. We find an increasing trend in the number of days of extreme and oppressive heatwaves, with surprisingly a higher rate of increase in oppressive heatwaves. We also observe a higher correlation between oppressive heatwaves and historical heat-stress-related human deaths than extreme heatwaves, indicating more substantial impacts of oppressive heatwaves on the human population than extreme heatwaves. Further, our results show a five-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves under 1.5°warming in both mid (2035-2065) and end (2070- 2100) of the 21st century, relative to the historical period (1975 to 2005) whereas the number of extreme heatwave days remains relatively constant in mid and end of this century. Remarkably, 2°warming results in an eight-fold and almost two-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves by the end of the century relative to the historical period and 1.5°warming conditions. These results suggest that limiting the mean global warming to 1.5°can reduce the likelihood of oppressive and extreme heatwaves by 44% and 25% by the end of the century relative to the 2°warming world. Moreover, the remarkable increase in oppressive heatwave days highlights the elevated risk of heatwaves over densely populated countries and indicates an imminent need for adaptation measures. © 2025, CC BY.

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environmentally-friendly alkaline ionized water pretreatment and hydrolysis of macroalga via microwave-assisted heating to improve monosaccharide yield for bioethanol production

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Process Safety and environmental Protection 2024年 189卷 702-713页

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Liu, Li-Xuan Khoo, Kuan Shiong Sheen, Herng-Kuang Kwon, Eilhann E. Saravanakumar, Ayyadurai Chang, Jo-Shu Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Sugar Business Division Taiwan Sugar Corporation Taiwan701 Taiwan Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University Seoul04763 Korea Republic of Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science College of Engineering Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

This study synthesizes three sequential steps: pretreatment, acid hydrolysis, and enzyme hydrolysis for bioethanol and hydrochar production from macroalga Gracilaria. The Taguchi method is employed separately in each step to optimize relevant operating factors, aiming to maximize the monosaccharide yield. During pretreatment, environmentally friendly alkaline ionized water is utilized as it does not contain chemical additives. Afterward, microwave-assisted hydrolysis is adopted to enhance the monosaccharide yield of the macroalga for bioenergy production. The results show that the total sugar of Gracilaria undergoing acid hydrolysis alone is 28.72 g‧L−1. The total sugar content after alkaline pretreatment followed by acid hydrolysis is 32.64 g‧L−1, and it increases to 34.76 g‧L−1 after adding enzymes. Meanwhile, the higher heating value of Gracilaria increases from 10.884 MJ‧kg−1 to 12.620 MJ‧kg−1 after undergoing alkaline pretreatment. After the acid and enzyme hydrolysis processes, it increases to 15.164 MJ‧kg−1. The solid biofuel's calorific value increases by 39 % from the three-stage processes. The liquid product combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce bioethanol, while the produced hydrochar can be used as a solid fuel. This research promotes the development of macroalgal biomass for energy and environmental applications, thereby advancing the circular bioeconomy. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Ethanol

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Novel single-cell mtDNA sequencing technology reveals hidden mutations in oocytes, blastoids, and stem cells

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Life Medicine 2023年第4期2卷 1页

作者： Ismail M. Shakir Mo Li Bioscience Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Bioscience Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Bioengineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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Recover energy and materials from agricultural waste via thermalchemical conversion (vol 5, pg 1200, 2022)

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ONE EARTH 2022年第12期5卷 1404-1404页

作者： Lee, Kuan-Tieng Chen, Wei-Hsin Sarles, Paul Park, Young-Kwon Ok, Yong Sik Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan International Master Degree Program on Energy National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan School of Environmental Engineering University of Seoul Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea

Every year, at least 1,300 million tons of agricultural waste is produced, and the amount is likely to expand further in a world with a growing population to feed. Our current linear approach to handling this vast amount of waste via landfills and incineration has already contributed to about 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions and also created various toxic pollutants. There is an urgent need to sustainably manage agricultural waste that can benefit both the environment and humans. Thermochemical conversion emerges as a promising technology that can convert agricultural waste into a variety of valuable products, creating circularity opportunities. In this primer, we explain the thermochemical conversion of agricultural waste by illustrating four mainstreaming processes. We further discuss the potential tradeoffs of these processes in terms of their environmental externalities and reflect upon the potential toward a circular and net-zero future.

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The fate of antibiotics during phosphate recovery processes - A critical review

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 968卷 178829页

作者： Bolujoko, Nathaniel Duling, Addison Shashvatt, Utsav Mangalgiri, Kiranmayi Environmental Science Graduate Program Oklahoma State University 202 Whitehurst StillwaterOK74078 United States Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University 215A Agricultural Hall StillwaterOK74078 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley 760 Davis Hall BerkeleyCA94720 United States

The principles of circular economy encourage the recovery of phosphorus from nutrient-rich waste streams such as animal manure, domestic wastewater, and urine to supplement existing sources of raw phosphorus. However, these waste streams also contain a wide variety of contaminants of emerging concern including antibiotics, and the recovery of phosphorus from these waste streams results in the co-occurrence of antibiotics with the recovered phosphorus products. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fate of environmentally relevant antibiotics in three major existing and upcoming phosphorus recovery processes: precipitation-, membrane-, and adsorption-based treatment. In general, the co-occurrence of antibiotics in recovered phosphorus increases with the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and cations due to π-π interaction and cationic bridge formation, respectively. Additionally, antibiotics display pH-based speciation resulting in electrostatic interactions with recovered phosphorus at pH > 7.0. Furthermore, this critical review establishes a new metric, the relative antibiotic-to‑phosphorus (RAP), defined as the ratio of the concentration of antibiotics to phosphorus in recovered phosphorus to that of the phosphorus-rich waste. Precipitation-based methods, particularly struvite, demonstrated the lowest RAP, while the RAP in carbon-based adsorbents was 1.8 × 108 times higher than in membrane-based processes. In reviewing literature on the fate of antibiotics in phosphorus recovery processes, several research needs are also highlighted: the fate of non-tetracycline antibiotics, simultaneous investigation of phosphorus and antibiotic fate in membrane- and adsorption-based methods, treatment methods to mitigate the co-occurrence of antibiotics in recovered phosphorus product, and the release of antibiotics from recovered phosphate products. © 2024

关键词： Rivers

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