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ACS ES&T air 2025年第2期2卷 226-235页

作者： Duncan Quevedo Khanh Do George Delic José Rodríguez-Borbón Bryan M Wong Cesunica E Ivey Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California Riverside California 92557 United States. Center for Environmental Research and Technology Riverside California 92507 United States. Hiperism Consulting LLC Chapel Hill North Carolina 27514 United States. Department of Chemistry Department of Physics & Astronomy and Material Science & Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92557 United States.

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulates atmospheric phenomena, including advection, diffusion, gas-phase chemistry, aerosol physics and chemistry, and cloud processes. Gas-phase chemistry is often a major computational bottleneck due to its representation as large systems of coupled nonlinear stiff differential equations. We leverage the parallel computational performance of graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware to accelerate the numerical integration of these systems in CMAQ's CHEM module. Our implementation, dubbed CMAQ-CUDA, in reference to its use in the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) general purpose GPU (GPGPU) computing solution, migrates CMAQ's Rosenbrock solver from Fortran to CUDA Fortran. CMAQ-CUDA accelerates the Rosenbrock solver such that simulations using the chemical mechanisms RACM2, CB6R5, and SAPRC07 require only 51%, 50%, or 35% as much time, respectively, as CMAQv5.4 to complete a chemistry time step. Our results demonstrate that CMAQ is amenable to GPU acceleration and highlight a novel Rosenbrock solver implementation for reducing the computational burden imposed by the CHEM module.

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Mapping climate change interaction with human health through DPSIR framework: Qatar perspective

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Heliyon 2025年第3期11卷 e42455页

作者： Eldos, Haneen I. Tahir, Furqan Athira, U.N. Mohamed, Hend O. Samuel, Bincy Skariah, Sini Al-Ghamdi, Sami G. Al-Ansari, Tareq Sultan, Ali A. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar Doha Qatar Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Division of Sustainable Development College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar

This study investigates the interactions between climate change and human health with a particular focus on Qatar, using the DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, States, Impacts, Responses) framework. Key drivers, including economic development and population growth, contribute to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exerting pressure on Qatar's climate through rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, as modeled by the MIT Regional Climate Model (MRCM). The findings reveal critical gaps in understanding the state of climate-health interactions, including insufficient disease data, incomplete climate-health linkages, and significant research gaps. These limitations hinder targeted responses to climate-sensitive diseases, which have shown an increase over the years. The study identifies the pathways through which climatic shifts contribute to immediate health risks, such as heat-related illnesses and respiratory conditions, as well as long-term impacts, including chronic diseases and mental health challenges. Despite Qatar's efforts through national and international strategies, the DPSIR analysis highlights the urgent need for enhanced research, improved data collection, and tailored actions to address these challenges. Strengthened adaptation, resilience-building, and emission reduction strategies remain essential for safeguarding public health in the face of accelerating climate change. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Climate change impacts Heat-related illness Human health Qatar Vector-borne diseases

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Elucidating the phytotoxic endpoints of sub-chronic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Endemic Persian Dracocephalum species

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Chemosphere 2025年 370卷 143853页

作者： Chahardoli, Azam Karimi, Naser Sharifan, Hamidreza Department of Biology Faculty of Science Razi University Kermanshah Iran Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at El Paso TX United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso TX United States

This study was designed to investigate the dichotomous effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) at varying concentrations (0, 50, 100, 1000, and 2500 ppm) on the physiological, biochemical, and antioxidative defense responses of Persian dragonhead plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions. Over 21 days of treatment, an increase in fresh shoot biomass by 26.2% and plant height by 18.2% was observed at exposure to 50 ppm TiO2NPs. Exposure to 100 ppm NPs negatively affected the biosynthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll pigments (a, b, and total), and protein content. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed TiO2NPs deposition within intercellular spaces and cell walls of root tissues. The physiological stress was prominent in response to 2500 ppm NPs as evidenced by a significant increase in proline and sugar content compared to the control. The enzymatic antioxidative defense was significantly upregulated by the enhanced activity of catalase (CAT) across exposure ranges 100–2500 ppm NPs, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) at 100 and 2500 ppm NPs, and peroxidase (POD) at 100 ppm NPs in plant roots. The antioxidant proficiency was further corroborated by increases in total flavonoids by 30.43% at 2500 ppm, saponins by 253.7%, and iridoids by 22.3% at 100 ppm NPs, relative to control. The results suggest that TiO2NPs fostered growth promotion at sub-lethal doses, and induced adverse biochemical changes at elevated concentrations, prompting the activation of intrinsic defense mechanisms to enhance plant resilience against NPs stresses. The optimal nano-stimulation performance was observed at 50 ppm TiO2NPs, which was suggested for the high yield targets, signifying a potential boon for agricultural productivity. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Versatile Test Reactor Open Digital engineering Ecosystem

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Insight 2025年第1期28卷 64-68页

作者： Ritter, Christopher Browning, Jeren Suyderhoud, Peter Hays, Ross Marshall, AnnMarie Han, Kevin Ashbocker, Taylor Darrington, John Nelson, Lee Idaho National Laboratory Department of Digital Systems & Engineering Versatile Test Reactor Program Idaho FallsID83401 United States Pivotal Solutions 3 Grace Avenue Suite 162 Great NeckNY11021 United States North Carolina State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 205 N. Mathews Ave. UrbanaIL61801 United States

Modern design of nuclear facilities represents unique challenges: enabling the design of complex advanced concepts, supporting geographically dispersed teams, and supporting first-of-a-kind system development. Errors made early in design can introduce silent errors. These errors can cascade causing unknown risk of complex engineering programs. The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) program uses digital-engineering principles for design, procurement, construction, and operation to reduce risk and improve efficiencies. Digital engineering is an integrated, model-based approach which connects proven digital tools such as building information management (BIM), project controls, and systems-engineering software tools into a cohesive environment. The VTR team hypothesizes using these principals can lead to similar risk and cost reductions and schedule efficiencies observed in other engineering industries. This research investigates the use of a digital engineering ecosystem in the design of a 300-MWt sodium-cooled fast reactor. This ecosystem was deployed to over 200 engineers and used to deliver the conceptual design of the VTR. We conclude that initial results show significant reductions in user latency (1000x at peak use), the possibility of direct finite-element-analysis (FEA) integrations to computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and nuclear reactor system design descriptions (SDDs) that we can fully link throughout design in data-driven requirements-management software. These early results led to the VTR maintaining milestone performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 by Idaho National Laboratory. Published by INCOSE with permission.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactors

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Characterization of Ureolysis and Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Under Different Incubation and Reaction Conditions

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Joo, Hyun-Woo Fyfe, Matthew H. Verdú, Irene Rahmaninezhad, Seyed Ali Sales, Christopher M. Srubar, Wil V. Hubler, Mija H. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States 1111 Engineering Drive – UCB 428 ECOT 441 BoulderCO80309-0422 United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States Environmental Department Terracon Consulting Inc. The ColonyTX United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Biology

This study investigates the ureolysis and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) characteristics of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under varying incubation and reaction conditions. A series of batch MICP experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation duration and pH, bacterial cell density, and reagent (i.e., urea and calcium ion) concentrations on ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation characteristics. The findings indicate that both bacteria exhibit higher urease activity after 24 hours of incubation compared to 48 hours, regardless of incubation pH. S. pasteurii exhibits maximum specific urease activity at an alkaline pH (pH 9.0), whereas L. sphaericus reaches peak activity at a neutral pH (pH 7.2). Across six incubation conditions for each bacterium, S. pasteurii exhibits greater sensitivity in specific urease activity, while L. sphaericus maintains a more consistent ureolysis performance. In terms of cell density, a lower OD600 (~0.1) enhances specific urease activity and early-stage mineralization efficiency, whereas a higher OD600 (~1.0) accelerates overall CaCO3 precipitation, enhances terminal-stage mineralization efficiency, and promotes the prolonged presence of vaterite. High reagent concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) enhance specific urease activity and CaCO3 precipitation rates and lead to over 93% of vaterite formation, while low reagent concentration (0.3 M) favors calcite-dominant precipitation over time. These findings provide insights into evaluating and optimizing MICP performance under varying incubation and reaction conditions. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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MiR-1 Is Regulated by Hydrogen Peroxide via MAPK and Limits Cell Migration and Invasion

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environmental Toxicology 2025年 2025 May 16页

作者： Pacurari, Maricica Cox, Irmanecia Farah, Ibrahim Department of Biology College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University JacksonMS United States RCMI Center for Environmental Health College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University JacksonMS United States Environmental Science PhD Program College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University JacksonMS United States

MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is a conserved microRNA that is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues. Moreover, miR-1 regulates genes and has critical roles in cell migration and invasion. Downregulation of miR-1 has been found in many pathologies of numerous organs, including the lungs. What exactly contributes to the downregulation of miR-1 is not fully understood, and in the present study, we investigated whether ROS regulate miR-1 and its role in cell migration and invasion. A549 cells were grown and maintained in DMEM:F12 (1:1) and supplemented with 10% FBS and 1000 U of Penicillin/Streptomycin and maintained as recommended by the manufacturer (ATCC). Cell migration and invasion, IHC, Western blot, qPCR, ROS, miR-1 transfection, and qPCR were used to determine miR-1 regulation and its role in cell migration. Exogenous miR-1 decreased the formation of ROS and inhibited cell migration and invasion, whereas inhibition of miR-1 increased ROS formation and stimulated cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of miR-1 induced the formation of actin filaments contractile structures, whereas exogenous miR-1 limited the formation of these structures. Hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased miR-1 level, whereas inhibition of Nox4 had no effect on miR-1 level. Alpha amanitin did not decrease miR-1 level, whereas inhibition of NF-кB temporally decreased miR-1 level. This study demonstrates that ROS suppress miR-1 and that miR-1 is posttranscriptionally regulated via MAPK. Endogenous Nox4-dependent ROS are not involved in miR-1 regulation, whereas exogenous ROS regulates miR-1. NF-κB plays a key role in miR-1 regulation in both redox and nonredox environments. Moreover, Mir-1 limits cell migration and invasion even in the presence of ROS. TSP-1 is a major regulator of TGFβ and its expression is upregulated by ROS. Our work indicates ROS is a major regulator of miR-1 and TSP-1 and could be a potential therapeutic target to limit ROS- and non-ROS-mediated processes in l

关键词： Redox reactions

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Increasing risk of oppressive heatwaves over India in the future warming

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sudharsan, Naveen Singh, Jitendra Ghosh, Subimal Karmakar, Subhankar Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Centre for Urban Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India

The frequency of heatwave events has been increasing with climate change across the globe, causing devastating impacts on human and natural systems. Particularly, the co-occurrence of high temperature with high humidity has the potential of worse impacts on human health than extreme temperature alone. We use observations to examine the characteristics of extreme (high temperature and low humidity) and oppressive (high temperature and high humidity) heatwaves and their impacts on human mortality. We also use climate model simulations to understand the likelihood of heatwaves under varied warming conditions in future climates. We find an increasing trend in the number of days of extreme and oppressive heatwaves, with surprisingly a higher rate of increase in oppressive heatwaves. We also observe a higher correlation between oppressive heatwaves and historical heat-stress-related human deaths than extreme heatwaves, indicating more substantial impacts of oppressive heatwaves on the human population than extreme heatwaves. Further, our results show a five-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves under 1.5°warming in both mid (2035-2065) and end (2070- 2100) of the 21st century, relative to the historical period (1975 to 2005) whereas the number of extreme heatwave days remains relatively constant in mid and end of this century. Remarkably, 2°warming results in an eight-fold and almost two-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves by the end of the century relative to the historical period and 1.5°warming conditions. These results suggest that limiting the mean global warming to 1.5°can reduce the likelihood of oppressive and extreme heatwaves by 44% and 25% by the end of the century relative to the 2°warming world. Moreover, the remarkable increase in oppressive heatwave days highlights the elevated risk of heatwaves over densely populated countries and indicates an imminent need for adaptation measures. © 2025, CC BY.

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The fate of antibiotics during phosphate recovery processes - A critical review

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 968卷 178829页

作者： Bolujoko, Nathaniel Duling, Addison Shashvatt, Utsav Mangalgiri, Kiranmayi Environmental Science Graduate Program Oklahoma State University 202 Whitehurst StillwaterOK74078 United States Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Oklahoma State University 215A Agricultural Hall StillwaterOK74078 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley 760 Davis Hall BerkeleyCA94720 United States

The principles of circular economy encourage the recovery of phosphorus from nutrient-rich waste streams such as animal manure, domestic wastewater, and urine to supplement existing sources of raw phosphorus. However, these waste streams also contain a wide variety of contaminants of emerging concern including antibiotics, and the recovery of phosphorus from these waste streams results in the co-occurrence of antibiotics with the recovered phosphorus products. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fate of environmentally relevant antibiotics in three major existing and upcoming phosphorus recovery processes: precipitation-, membrane-, and adsorption-based treatment. In general, the co-occurrence of antibiotics in recovered phosphorus increases with the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and cations due to π-π interaction and cationic bridge formation, respectively. Additionally, antibiotics display pH-based speciation resulting in electrostatic interactions with recovered phosphorus at pH > 7.0. Furthermore, this critical review establishes a new metric, the relative antibiotic-to‑phosphorus (RAP), defined as the ratio of the concentration of antibiotics to phosphorus in recovered phosphorus to that of the phosphorus-rich waste. Precipitation-based methods, particularly struvite, demonstrated the lowest RAP, while the RAP in carbon-based adsorbents was 1.8 × 108 times higher than in membrane-based processes. In reviewing literature on the fate of antibiotics in phosphorus recovery processes, several research needs are also highlighted: the fate of non-tetracycline antibiotics, simultaneous investigation of phosphorus and antibiotic fate in membrane- and adsorption-based methods, treatment methods to mitigate the co-occurrence of antibiotics in recovered phosphorus product, and the release of antibiotics from recovered phosphate products. © 2024

关键词： Rivers

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Correction: Mimics of the Growth Regulator Zaxinone Increase Saffron Yield and Improve its Nutritional Value

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Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2025年 1-3页

作者： Jalal, Arshad Abdelaziz, Mohamed E. Salem, Mohamed Liew, Kit Xi Wang, Jian You Alrasheed, Wafa Al-Ateeq, Talal K. Althobiti, Sahar Qaryouti, Muien Al-Soqeer, Abdulrahman Jamil, Muhammad Al-Babili, Salim The BioActives Lab Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Jeddah Saudi Arabia National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Estidamah) Riyadh Saudi Arabia Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Giza Egypt Center of Excellence for Sustainable Food Security King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Jeddah Saudi Arabia Plant Science Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Jeddah Saudi Arabia

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Chemical precipitation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with calcium carbonate derived from green mussel shell wastes and several phosphorus sources

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Naubnome, V. Prihanto, A. Schmahl, W.W. Pusparizkita, Y.M. Ismail, R. Jamari, J. Bayuseno, A.P. Department of Mechanical Engineering Diponegoro University Tembalang Semarang Indonesia Chemical Engineering Vocational Program Catholic Polytechnic Mangun Wijaya Semarang Indonesia Department of Earth and Environmental Science Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich Germany Department of Environmental Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

This work reports on a chemical precipitation experiment to produce nanocrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca-HA) using a calcium carbonate precursor derived from green mussel shells. Ammonium biphosphate and phosphoric acid were mixed with the precursor, achieving a pH of 13–14 by stirring magnetically at 30 °C for 48 hours. The nanocrystalline Ca-HA product (8–13 nm) was validated through X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an average calcium-to-phosphorus ratio molar of 1.8, influencing the thermal stability according to thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. Green mussel shell wastes are a recyclable calcium resource potentially used to synthesize nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Calcium carbonate Chemical precipitation Green mussel shell waste Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite Thermal stability

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