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Projecting Forest Fire Probability in South Korea under Climate Change, Population, and Forest Management Scenarios Using AI & Process-Based Hybrid Model (FLAM-Net)

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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年 18卷 13003-13022页

作者： Jo, Hyun-Woo Won, Myoung-Soo Kraxner, Florian Jeon, Seongwoo Son, Yowhan Krasovskiy, Andrey Lee, Woo-Kyun Seoul20841 Korea Republic of Group Laxenburg Austria National Institute of Forest Science National Forest Satellite Information & Technology Center Seoul05203 Korea Republic of Program Laxenburg Austria Korea University Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Seoul20841 Korea Republic of

Climate change-induced heat waves and densely forested areas near urban centers in South Korea create complex challenges for wildfire response systems. Various forest fire models have been developed to address this, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. Process-based models offer high interpretability through human domain knowledge but require extensive optimization, while machine learning models automatically identify important features but have limited interpretability. To leverage the strengths of both models, this study aimed to integrate human domain knowledge into a machine learning framework. IIASA's wildfire cLimate impacts and Adaptation Model (FLAM)—a process-based model incorporating biophysical and human impacts—was developed as a neural network called FLAM-Net. Enhancements included improving backpropagation for optimization and introducing algorithms for national-specific fire ignition dynamics. FLAM-Net was applied at multiple scales and integrated through U-Net-based architecture, named Deep Neural FLAM (DN-FLAM), to produce downscaled predictions. The optimization revealed spatial concentration of fires near metropolitan areas and the east coast, with temporal concentration in spring due to agricultural burning. Integration of multi-scale features through DN-FLAM achieved optimal performance with Pearson's r values of 0.943, 0.840, and 0.641 for temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal validations. Future projections based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) indicated increasing fire frequencies until 2050, followed by a decrease due to increased precipitation. This study demonstrates the benefits of the hybrid approach, providing interpretability, accuracy, and efficient optimization. These hybrid models offer scientific evidence to guide locally tailored decision-making for climate change-induced forest fires and lay the groundwork for global application through their optimization capabilities. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Global warming

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Visibility analysis by light attenuation ratio recorded with portable camera at the full-scale hot smoke test site

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International Journal of Ventilation 2023年第3期22卷 273-288页

作者： Su, ChungHwei Shih, ChiaYuan Wang, ShiuanCheng Tsai, MingJe Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan Tainan City Government Fire Bureau Tainan City Taiwan Bachelor Degree Program of Fire Safety Tajen University Pingtung County Taiwan

Some countries have enacted the full-scale hot smoke test standards to verify the effectiveness of smoke extraction systems. Unfortunately, the judgment of most performed tests is based on vision and lacks scientific value. It is important to establish a scientific and quantifiable measurement system for visibility judgment in a large space. This paper analyzed the visibility values obtained through the light attenuation in a full-scale hot smoke test site. The quadratic regression relationships between the gray scale values and the attenuation ratios were derived. The visibility of the test site can be also obtained by grayscale analysis of recorded images. A qualified emergency direction light was used as a light source, and a closed-circuit television and a portable camera were adopted for image recording. These images were converted into grayscale pictures to obtain the gray scale values at the center of the bright spot. By comparing with the light attenuation ratio of the quantifiable measurement equipment in front of the light source, the results showed excellent relevance and demonstrated the applicability of the captured images. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Visibility

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Streets, density, and the superblock: neighborhood planning units and street connectivity in Abu Dhabi

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Journal of Urbanism 2023年第2期16卷 168-195页

作者： Alawadi, Khaled Hong Nguyen, Ngoc Alrubaei, Eiman Scoppa, Martin Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Architecture The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology Danang Viet Nam Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Architecture Engineering Department College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University Alain United Arab Emirates

This article studies the efficiency of street networks of Neighborhood Planning Units. Pedestrian Route Directness quantified the NPUs’ efficiency. The sample includes ten Abu Dhabi NPUs built during two periods: pre-1990 and post-1990. Two scenarios are assessed. First, as-built streets are evaluated based on the PRD test. Second, PRD values of NPUs with different plot densities are compared. Results show that plot density does not affect efficiency. A good network design produces high efficiency regardless of its plot density. The effects of streets on efficiency were further revealed by Betweenness. Combining PRD and Betweenness yields important principles of network design. This method can be applied to assess the connectivity of streets in different contexts. Future research should focus on: How do alleys contribute to the efficiency of NPUs? How do street configurations influence the behavior of movement? And how should NPUs be evaluated as local street systems with global implications?. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： betweenness density neighborhood planning units pedestrian route directness Street connectivity

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Evaluating a Liquid-Phase Plasma Discharge Process for Ammonia Oxidation in Wastewater

Evaluating a Liquid-Phase Plasma Discharge Process for Ammon...

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2023 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting, ASABE 2023

作者： Aka, Robinson Junior Ndeddy Mohotti, Dinithi Nasir, Alia Agyekum-Oduro, Ekow Wu, Sarah Environmental Science Program University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Idaho MoscowID83844 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713885887

In this study, a novel continuous flow liquid-phase plasma process was evaluated to remove NH3-N from synthetic wastewater. The process was optimized and modelled using response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to determine the effects and optimal conditions of key operating parameters, including the initial NH3-N concentration (50-200 mg/L), power input (150-300 W), and gas-flow rate (1.5-2.5 L/min) for efficient NH3-N removal from wastewater samples. The gas-flow rate and power input were found to be the most significant factors affecting the removal efficiency of NH3-N, whereas the initial concentration of NH3-N played a crucial role in determining the energy efficiency of the process. Under optimal conditions of an initial NH3-N concentration of 200 mg/L, applied power of 223 W, and gas-flow rate of 2.4 L/min, 98.91% of NH3-N could be removed with N2 selectivity of 92.91%, and the corresponding energy efficiency was 0.527g/kWh after 2 hrs of treatment. A small fraction of undesirable NO3 (35.03 mg/L) and NO2 (6.5 mg/L) were also produced. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has revealed the presence of several highly oxidative radicals, including ‧OH, ‧O, and ‧O2+. These results demonstrate the potential of liquid phase plasma discharge as a highly efficient technology for removing ammonia from aqueous solutions. © 2023 ASABE Annual International Meeting. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Flow of gases

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Mechanistic modeling of copper corrosions in data center environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 483-492页

作者： Rui Zhang Jianshun Zhang Roger Schmidt Jeremy L.Gilbert Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA SyracuseCoE-New York Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems Syracuse University727 E.Washington StreetSyracuseNY13244USA Department of Bioengineering Clemson UniversityClemson-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering ProgramCharlestonSC29425USA

Air-side economizers are increasingly used to take advantage of“free-cooling”in data centers with the intent of reducing the carbon footprint of ***,they can introduce outdoor pollutants to indoor environment of data centers and cause corrosion damage to the information technology *** evaluate the reliability of information technology equipment under various thermal and air-pollution conditions,a mechanistic model based on multi-ion transport and chemical reactions was *** model was used to predict Cu corrosion caused by Cl_(2)-containing pollutant *** also accounted for the effects of temperature(25℃and 28℃),relative humidity(50%,75%,and 95%),and *** also identified higher air temperature as a corrosion barrier and higher relative humidity as a corrosion accelerator,which agreed well with the experimental *** average root mean square error of the prediction was 13.7Å.The model can be used to evaluate the thermal guideline for data centers design and operation when Cl_(2)is present based on pre-established acceptable risk of corrosion in data centers’environment.

关键词： chloride pollutant mixture copper corrosion model data center temperature relative humidity synergistic effect

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Marine macro-litter sources and ecological impact: a review

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environmental Chemistry Letters 2024年第3期22卷 1257-1273页

作者： Le, Van-Giang Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Ky Lin, Chitsan Hung, Nguyen T. Quang Khedulkar, Akhil P. Hue, Nguyen K. Trang, Phung T. Thu Mungray, Arvind Kumar Nguyen, D. Duc Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Vietnam National University Hanoi111000 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University MontrealQC Canada Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Environmental Research Center Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology Science and Climate Change Hanoi111000 Viet Nam Department of Chemical Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat Surat395007 India Department of Civil and Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Institute of Applied and Sustainable Technology Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam

Marine pollution by various debris is rising in the context of increasing urbanization, industrialization and worldwide trade. Here, we review marine macro-litter with focus on sources, abundance, distribution, and impact on aquatic wildlife, human health, and the economy. We observe that about 75–80% of marine litter originates from land-based sources, including poorly managed landfills and improper disposal. Macro-litter ingestion by marine life is of growing concern, in particular concerning the presence of plastics and associated pollutants, e.g., bisphenol A and phthalates, in fishes. These pollutants are accumulated and transferred to human via seafood. Marine plastic pollution induces a substantial rise of economic costs due to the decline of ecosystem services. Mitigation of marine plastic pollution should be done by following the ten Rs principles of refuse, rethink, reduce, re-use, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

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Core/shell magnetite/copolymer composite nanoparticles enabling highly stable magnetorheological response

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2022年第2期2卷 155-164页

作者： Wenjiao Han Shun Wang Xiaoting Rui Yuzhen Dong Hyoungjin Choi School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology at WeihaiWeihaiChina Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering College of EngineeringInha UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea

Magnetorheological fluids(MRFs)have been successfully used in a variety of smart control systems,but are still limited due to their relatively poor settling ***,a core/shell‐structured Fe_(3)O_(4)/copolymer composite nanoparticle is synthesized as a new candidate material for stimulus‐responsive MRFs to tackle the limitation of the long‐term dispersion ***‐co‐diphenylamine copolymers(PANI‐co‐PDPA)are loaded onto the surface of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles,providing a lighter density and sufficient active interface for the dispersion of magnetic particles in the carrier *** features of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/copolymer composite nanoparticles,including morphology,compositional,and crystalline properties,are *** MRF is prepared by suspending Fe_(3)O_(4)/copolymer composite nanoparticles in a nonmagnetic medium oil,and its rheological properties are assessed using a controlled shear rate test and dynamic oscillation tests using a rotational *** models including the Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley model are fitted to the flow curves of the *** obtained Fe_(3)O_(4)/copolymer composite shows soft‐magnetic properties,as well as greater density adaptability and higher stability,compared to Fe_(3)O_(4).Moreover,the sedimentation testing provides information about the dispersion stability characteristics of MRF and shows a good correlation with high‐stability magnetorheological(MR)*** Fe_(3)O_(4)/copolymer‐based MRF with a tunable and instantaneous MR response is considered a promising material for smart control applications.

关键词： magnetorheological fluids core/shell dispersion stability copolymer magnetite

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A Review of Smart City Initiatives: Assessing the Integration and Impact on Sustainable environmental Management in Urban Heritage Sites

A Review of Smart City Initiatives: Assessing the Integratio...

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International Conference on Informatics and Computational sciences (ICICoS)

作者： Bagus Irawan Syafrudin Syafrudin Mochamad Arief Budihardjo Doctorate Program in Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350375886

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375893

In the digital age, managing urban heritage sites presents unique challenges that necessitate the integration of smart technologies. This review assesses the integration and impact of smart city initiatives on sustainable environmental management in urban heritage sites. Through a comprehensive literature review of 84 papers from scienceDirect and Scopus, this study categorizes the findings into three themes: Smart City Initiative Analysis, Heritage Site Considerations, and Smart Technology Integration Models. The review highlights the significant contributions of smart technologies, such as digital analysis, 3D documentation, and Information and communication technology, in enhancing sustainability and preserving cultural values. Case studies from Amsterdam, Barcelona, Seville, and Uzbek illustrate these initiatives’ practical applications and outcomes. The paper underscores the need for robust policies, public awareness, and multidisciplinary collaboration to maximize the benefits of smart city initiatives. Finally, the study identifies gaps in current research and suggests further research directions for integrating smart technologies into urban heritage site management.

关键词： Technological innovation Three-dimensional displays Smart cities Reviews Collaboration Documentation Information age

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Leaching behavior of sustainable concrete made with coal ash wastes as replacement of cement and sand

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environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第52期31卷 61437-61450页

作者： Rafieizonooz, Mahdi Kim, Jang-Ho Jay Khankhaje, Elnaz Rezania, Shahabaldin School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Yonsei-Ro 50 Seodaemun-Gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Architectural Engineering Program School of Architecture Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-Ro Gongneung-Dong Nowon-Gu Seoul01811 Korea Republic of Department of Environment and Energy Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

The coal-fired power plant fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are gradually used as alternative materials in the concrete. However, knowledge of the leaching characteristics of using both incinerator ashes in concrete production is lacking. This work aimed to evaluate the leaching behavior of the FA and BA used in concrete production by employing batch and tank leaching tests. The outcomes of both leaching tests showed that there was no considerable leaching of any trace elements to the environment, and it remains much lower than standard limitations for utilization as construction materials. The results of cumulative mass discharge showed that the slope of flux time for all elements was less than 0.4 and because of that, primary surface wash-off was the main discharge process of all the heavy metals. Strength test results revealed that there was not much difference between coal ash concrete (CAC) and the control mix at the initial age of curing time. Despite that, at a long period of curing time (180 days), the compressive strength of CAC containing 20% FA as cement replacement and 100% BA as fine aggregate replacement increased by 76% due to the pozzolanic reaction of BA and FA in comparison to the normal concrete, while, due to the high porosity of BA, the workability of CAC decreased by 50%. The outcomes of the current work revealed that the combined use of FA and BA can be counted as a promising alternative in the production of sustainable concrete for structural applications toward sustainable development. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Trace elements

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Effect of physical and biological pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse waste-based biogas production

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 87卷 41-44页

作者： Sumardiono S. Matin H.H.A. Sulistianingtias I. Nugroho T.Y. Budiyono B. Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50239 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Science Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Vocational School Universitas Diponegoro Semarang 50239 Indonesia

Sugarcane bagasse is a biomass with very potential, especially in agricultural countries. In this research, a study related to pretreatment and the ratio of C/N to biogas production from sugarcane bagasse was conducted. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale with physical pretreatment by grinding with a size of 6 mesh, then biological pretreatment with the microbial consortium 5 % g/V, and variations in the C/N ratio at 25 and 30. Cow rumen fluid was used in this study as a source of anaerobic bacteria and technical urea is used to adjust the C/N ratio. The solid total is set at 7 %. Based on research that has been carried out for 60 days, it was found that physical pretreatment by grinding with a size of 6 mesh can increase biogas production. Biogas production increased both at C/N ratio conditions of 25 and 30. Furthermore, biological pretreatment with the microbial consortium 5 % g/V was proven to increase biogas production at both C/N ratios of 25 and 30. Further studies on the C/N ratio, it was found that the C/N ratio of 25 was better than the C/N ratio of 30. This is evident in several variables, including raw and fine substrate conditions, as well as on variables with or without a microbial consortium, with the amount of biogas productivity at a C/N 25 ratio of 53-90.5 % higher than the C/N 30 ratio. © 2023 The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biogas Biological pretreatment Physical pretreatment Sugarcane bagasse

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