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Revealing the potential of extracted Tamarindus indica seed as a biocoagulant for aquaculture wastewater treatment: Effect of solvent type, concentration, dose, and toxicity assessment

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Results in Engineering 2025年 27卷

作者： Setyo Budi Kurniawan Azzahra Aulia Haya Thin Soedarti Eko Prasetyo Kuncoro Łukasz Sługocki Kacper Nowakowski Peer Mohamed Abdul Muhammad Fauzul Imron Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi Selangor 43600 Malaysia Research Center for Environment and Clean Technology National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jakarta Pusat 10340 Indonesia Study Program of Environmental Engineering Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Campus C UNAIR Jalan Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Campus C UNAIR Jalan Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia Department of Hydrobiology Institute of Biology University of Szczecin Wąska 13 Szczecin 71-715 Poland Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Szczecin Wąska 13 Szczecin 71-715 Poland Sanitary Engineering Section Department of Water Management Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Stevinweg 1 CN Delft 2628 The Netherlands

Aquaculture wastewater contains high levels of organic matter and nutrients, which can be harmful to aquatic life if discharged improperly into surface water bodies. Coagulation-flocculation is currently the best practice for treating aquaculture effluent with biocoagulants, offering an alternative to metal-based coagulants. This study aims to investigate the potential of Tamarindus indica seeds as a biocoagulant for treating aquaculture wastewater, focusing on the optimal solvent extraction, concentration, and dose. This study also examines the toxicity of biocoagulants to aquatic organisms. Coagulation-flocculation study was conducted under jar test experiment with NaCl, NaOH, and HCl used as solvents; concentration of 0-10 g/L; and doses of 1-5 % v/v under 120 rpm (rotation per minute) rapid mixing for 1 min, 20 rpm slow mixing for 20 mins, and 60 mins sedimentation time. A characterization study showed that NaCl-treated T. indica has a positive zeta potential charge, attributed to the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amide functional groups. Under this optimum condition (NaCl-extract, 6 g/L, and 4 % v/v), the biocoagulant achieved high removal (>50 %) of turbidity, TSS (total suspended solid), and ammonia and considerably good removal of other parameters (TN [total nitrogen], BOD 5 [biological oxygen demand], COD [chemical oxygen demand]). The toxicity test revealed that no mortality was observed at a concentration of 1 g/L, whereas 10 g/L resulted in a 100 % mortality rate after 24 hours of exposure. Further toxicity analysis is suggested to be conducted using treated final effluent (not directly using biocoagulant substances) to observe the direct impact of the treated wastewater if discharged into the water bodies.

关键词： Aquaculture Biocoagulant Coagulation Effluent environmental pollution Flocculation

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Model Target of Food Production and Farmers’ Incomes in Banten Province, Indonesia

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Siagian, Viktor Siregar, Hermanto Fariyanti, Anna Nainggolan, Kaman Haloho, Lermansius Hutapea, Ronald Suratman Salim, Zamroni Wamaer, Demas da Silva, Helena Ekaswati, Rini Rusdiana, Supardi Marwati, Tri Toha, Mohammad Sondakh, Joula Marpaung, Imelda Research Center for Macro Economic and Finance Research Organization for Governance Economy and Community Welfare National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta12710 Indonesia IPB University Faculty of Economics and Management Bogor16680 Indonesia College of Management and Computer Science Nusa Mandiri Jakarta12540 Indonesia Research Center for Cooperative Corporation and People's Economy National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta12710 Indonesia Universitas Islam Malang Indonesia Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta12710 Indonesia Research Center for Animal Research Organization for Agriculture and Food National Research and Innovation Agency Cibinong-Bogor 16128 Indonesia Research Center for Food and Technology Processing Research Organization for Agriculture and Food National Research and Innovation Agency Serpong15314 Indonesia Ph.D. Study Program Natural Resources and Environmental Management Graduate School of IPB University Campus IPB Baranangsiang Bogor16144 Indonesia National Research and Innovation Agency Indonesia

The area of the rice harvest in Banten Province in 2021 was 319,558 ha with a production of 1,63 million tons of unhusked rice or with a productivity of 5.1 tons/ha (CBS,2022). The objectives of this study were: 1) to optimize the target of rice and corn production in Banten Province, and 2) to optimize the target farmers' income in Banten Province. The study method used was a survey, with purposive sampling at the farmer level. Data were analyzed qualitatively (uses descriptive tabulation) and quantitatively (uses goal programming). The results of this study were:1) The target of rice production in the Banten Province of 2.1 million tons of unhusked rice can be achieved with the optimal area of irrigated paddy of 299,755.7 ha and the optimal area of field/dry land of 87,750.9 ha. The target for maize production of 1.75 million tonnes in Banten Province can be achieved with an optimal planting area of 342.211.7 ha of dry land. 2) The optimal area of food crops to achieve the farmer's income target in Banten Province in 2018 is IDR. 8.79 trillion comes from the planting area of lowland rice covering an area of 391,222.1 ha, the corn planting area of 169,059.9 ha, soybean planting area of 23,074.82 ha and cassava planting area of 2,832.77 ha. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Agriculture

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Should workers be physically active after work?Associations of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels-An individual participant data meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health science 2025年第1期14卷 49-60页

作者： Bart Cillekens Pieter Coenen Maaike A.Huysmans Andreas Holtermann Richard P.Troiano Paul Jarle Mork Steinar Krokstad Els Clays Dirk De Bacquer Mette Aadahl Line Lund Kårhus Anette Sjøl Lars Bo Andersen Jussi Kauhanen Ari Voutilainen Richard Pulsford Emmanuel Stamatakis Uri Goldbourt Annette Peters Barbara Thorand Annika Rosengren Lena Björck Kyle Sprow Kristin Franzon Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco Leila Luján-Barroso Lars Alfredsson Martin Bahls Till Ittermann Miriam Wanner Matthias Bopp Jacob Louis Marott Peter Schnohr Børge G.Nordestgaarda Knut Eirik Dalene Ulf Ekelund Johan Clausen Magnus T.Jensen Christina Bjørk Petersen Niklas Krause Jos Twisk Willem van Mechelen Allard J.van der Beek Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam 1081 HVthe Netherlands National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen 2100Denmark Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark U.S.Public Health Service ArlingtonVA 22201USA Department of Public Health and Nursing Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim 8905Norway Levanger Hospital Nord-Trøndelag Hospital TrustLevanger 7601Norway Department of Public Health and Primary Care Ghent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium Center for Clinical Research and Prevention Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalFrederiksberg 2000Denmark The Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen 1172Denmark Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Faculty of EducationArts and SportsSogndal 5414Norway Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern FinlandKuopio 1627Finland Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX12LUUK Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneyNSW 2050Australia School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNSW 2050Australia Sackler Medical faculty in Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801Israel Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg 85764Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK e.V.) partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunich 80636Germany Institute for Medical Information Processing Biometryand Epidemiology(IBE)Pettenkofer School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMunich 80636Germany Institute of Medicine Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Region Västra Götaland Sahlgrenska University HospitalDepartment of Medicine Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine/ÖstraGothenb

Background There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity *** study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity *** This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies,comprising both published and unpublished *** criteria included individual-level data on leisure-time and occupational physical activity(categorized as sedentary,low,moderate,and high)along with data on all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality.A 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted,with separate analysis of each study using Cox proportional hazards models(Stage 1).These results were combined using random-effects models(Stage 2).Results Higher leisure-time physical activity levels were associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk across most occupational physical activity levels,for both males and *** males with sedentary work,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(hazard ratios(HR)=0.77,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.70-0.85)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.76,95%CI:0.66-0.87)*** males with high levels of occupational physical activity,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.74-0.97)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.60-1.04)risk,while HRs for low and moderate levels of leisure-time physical activity ranged between 0.87 and 0.97 and were not statistically *** females,most effects were similar but more imprecise,especially in the higher occupational physical activity *** Higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were generally associated with lower mortality ***,results for workers with moderate and high

关键词： Mortality Individual participant data Physical activity paradox Job demands

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Critical land mapping for the development of biomass-based energy in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia 1

Critical land mapping for the development of biomass-based e...

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1st International Conference on environmental sciences, ICES 2018

作者： Narendra, B.H. Widiatmaka Kusmana, C. Karlinasari, L. Machfud Study Program of Natural Resource and Environmental Management IPB University Indonesia Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Indonesia Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry IPB University Indonesia Department of Agro-Industrial Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology IPB University Indonesia Department of Forest Products Faculty of Forestry IPB University Indonesia Research Development and Innovation Agency Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia

Utilization of critical land as woody biomass plantations need to be supported by information on the potential of critical land. The objective of this research was to delineate a critical land using remote sensing and GIS techniques combined with Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The parameters used were land use/cover, slope, rainfall erosivity, tolerable soil erosion, soil erodibility, land management, and land productivity. The Analytical Hierarchy Process method was used to provide the weight of each parameter. Land use/cover map was interpreted from SPOT-7 satellite imageries acquired in 2017. The other parameter maps were built based on reference maps, secondary and field data collection as well as soil sample analysis. The resulted map showed that 32.7% area of East Lombok Regency was categorized as a critical area. Based on the land status, the critical land area located in the State Forest was smaller (42%) than on the Area for Other Utilization (58%). Utilization of critical land as woody biomass plantation should be prioritized on the shrub-covered land using community forest scheme, while for the area of State Forest, the plantation can be only planted in the production forest area applying industrial plantation forest or community plantation forest scheme. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Erosion

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Sustainable improvement of food SMEs through halal certification: A meta-analysis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2957卷

作者： Rizal Bahara Muhammad N. Aidi Khaswar Syamsu Euis Sunarti Anuraga Jayanegara Natural Resources and Environmental Management Science Study Program Graduate School IPB University Jl Pajajaran No 1 Kampus IPB Baranangsiang Bogor West Java 1614 Indonesia Statistics and Data Science Department Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty IPB University Jl. Lingkar Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor West Java 16680 Indonesia Halal Science Center LPPM IPB. Gedung Pascasarjana Gedung Kimia IPB University Jl Pajajaran No 1 Kampus IPB Baranangsiang Bogor West Java 1644 Indonesia Department of Family and Consumer Sciences Faculty of Human Ecology IPB University Jl. Lingkar Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor West Java 16610 Indonesia Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology Faculty of Animal Science IPB University Jl. Lingkar Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor West Java 16680 Indonesia

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are one of the important economic drivers in Indonesia, including during the Covid-19 pandemic. Indonesia as the country with the largest Muslim population requires halal certificates for all food products sold in Indonesia. Obstacles to the implementation and certification of halal in the food SME sector are still encountered due to, among others, the cost of certification, knowledge from human resources, ease of access and information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of halal certification on financial performance in Food SMEs by employing the meta-analysis method. A number of six articles out of 55 articles were selected and integrated into a database. The data were analyzed based on the Hedges’ d (standardized mean difference/SMD) effect size values and confidence interval (CI) values by using the Open MEE software. The results showed that halal-certified food SMEs significantly increased sales (SMD: 3.182; 95% CI:1.228 to 5.136; p<0.001) as compared to those of food SMEs that were not halal-certified. In the location in the Indonesia subgroup, halal certification at Food SMEs in Bogor city had a higher sale (SMD: 12.105; 95% CI: 10.289 to 13.922; p<0.001) compared to other cities. The conclusion of this study is that halal certification enhances sales and thus contributes to the sustainability of food SMEs.

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Public opinion about solar radiation management: A cross-cultural study in 20 countries around the world

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Climatic Change 2024年第4期177卷 65页

作者： Contzen, Nadja Perlaviciute, Goda Steg, Linda Reckels, Sophie Charlotte Alves, Susana Bidwell, David Böhm, Gisela Bonaiuto, Marino Chou, Li-Fang Corral-Verdugo, Victor Dessi, Federica Dietz, Thomas Doran, Rouven Eulálio, Maria do Carmo Fielding, Kelly Gómez-Román, Cristina Granskaya, Juliana V. Gurikova, Tatyana Hernández, Bernardo Kabakova, Maira P. Lee, Chieh-Yu Li, Fan Lima, Maria Luísa Liu, Lu Luís, Sílvia Muinos, Gabriel Ogunbode, Charles A. Ortiz, María Victoria Pidgeon, Nick Pitt, Maria Argüello Rahimi, Leila Revokatova, Anastasia Reyna, Cecilia Schuitema, Geertje Shwom, Rachael Yalcinkaya, Nur Soylu Spence, Elspeth Sütterlin, Bernadette Environmental Health Psychology Group Department of Environmental Social Sciences Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 Dübendorf8600 Switzerland Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen Grote Kruisstraat 2/1 Groningen9712TS Netherlands Department of Psychology of Development and Socialisation Processes Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Marine Affairs University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road KingstonRI02852 United States Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen Christiesgate 12 BergenN‑5015 Norway Department of Psychology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Lillehammer Norway CIRPA Interuniversity Centre for Research in Environmental Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Rome00185 Italy Department of Psychology National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan City701 Taiwan Environmental Psychology Group Department of Psychology Social Sciences Division University of Sonora Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Hermosillo Sonora83000 Mexico Environmental Science and Policy Program and Sociology Michigan State University 509 East Circle Drive East LansingMI48864 United States Group of Studies and Research in Aging and Health Department of Psychology State University of Paraíba Rua Baraúnas 351 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil School of Communication and Arts University of Queensland St Lucia Campus BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia CRETUS institute Department of Social Psychology Basic and Methodology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Campus Vida Calle Xosé María Suárez Núñez s/n A Coruña Santiago de Compostela15782 Spain Department of Psychology St. Petersburg State University Universitetskaya emb. 7/9 St.Petersburg199034 Russia Center for Sociological and Internet Research St. Petersburg State University Universitets

Some argue that complementing climate change mitigation measures with solar radiation management (SRM) might prove a last resort to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. To make a socially responsible decision on whether to use SRM, it is important to consider also public opinion, across the globe and particularly in the Global South, which would face the greatest risks from both global warming and SRM. However, most research on public opinion about SRM stems from the Global North. We report findings from the first large-scale, cross-cultural study on the public opinion about SRM among the general public (N = 2,248) and students (N = 4,583) in 20 countries covering all inhabited continents, including five countries from the Global South and five ‘non-WEIRD’ (i.e. not Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) countries from the Global North. As public awareness of SRM is usually low, we provided participants with information on SRM, including key arguments in favour of and against SRM that appear in the scientific debate. On average, acceptability of SRM was significantly higher in the Global South than in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, while acceptability in the ‘WEIRD’ Global North was in between. However, we found substantial variation within these clusters, especially in the ‘non-WEIRD’ Global North, suggesting that countries do not form homogenous clusters and should thus be considered individually. Moreover, the average participants’ views, while generally neither strong nor polarised, differed from some expert views in important ways, including that participants perceived SRM as only slightly effective in limiting global warming. Still, our data suggests overall a conditional, reluctant acceptance. That is, while on average, people think SRM would have mostly negative consequences, they may still be willing to tolerate it as a potential last resort to fight global warming, particularly if they think SRM has only minor negative (or even positive) impact

关键词： Solar radiation

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Effort of utilizing foundry sand waste and paper sludge as raw materials replacement for red brand without burning process

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2019年第1期259卷

作者： S E D F S Wati T W C Putranto N Citrasari Environmental Science and Technology Study Program Biology Department Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia

This research's goal is to know the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the foundry sand, to know the selected variation as material for red brick without burning process based on SNI 15-2094-2000 on concrete red brick for walls and SNI 15-2094-1991 on the quality and the test method for concrete red brick and to know the content of heavy metal Zn from leaching process of the selected variations. The content of SiO2 and Al2O3 were tested by using X-Ray Fluorescence method, while the content of Zn at leached was tested by using Atomic Abrsoption Spectophotometry. The non-burning brick quality test was conducted in 5 stages, which are external display test, size and tolerance test, compressive strength test, harmful salt test, pseudo-density test and water absorption test. Variations of materials used are foundry sand: paper sludge: compactor ingredient in percentage is Variation A 75%:15%:10%; B 65%:25%:10%; C 55%:35%:10%; D 45%:45%:10%; E 0%:90%:10%; F 90%:0%:10%; and the Control Variation is G 90% sand:10%. The content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the foundry sand are respectively 66.90% and 12.78%. The content of Zn in paper sludge is 54 mg/kg. The results of red brick testing shows that the selected variations are variations A, B, F which classified to Brick classs 50. Content of Zn in red brick leaching process of the selected variations are variations A, B, and F are respectively 0.61; 0.89; 0.21 mg/L.

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Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil by ornament plant Codiaeum variegatum

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第3期1567卷

作者： L Herlina H Purnaweni S Sudarno B Widianarko H R Sunoko Doctoral Program of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang-Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Semarang-Indonesia Program Study of Environmental Science School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang-Indonesia Faculty of Agricultural Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang-Indonesia Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University Semarang-Indonesia

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs the use of higher plants for the clean upt he contaminated environment, a cost-effective, environment-friendly. In this study, the role of puring(Codiaeumvarigatum) plants as a potential phytoremediator to soils contaminated with lead (Pb) was investigated. A pot experiment was conducted for four and eight weeks to compare the biomass andlead content in root, stem and leaf by puring. The plant grew well exposed Plants that grow well are exposed to Pb with as much as 250 ***−1 and 375 ***−1 soil. The result presented here showed that root, stem and leaf biomassdecrease with increasing concentration and exposure time. Pb accumulation increases with increasing concentration and time of exposure. Pb accumulation in roots> stems> leaves. Bioaccumulation of factors is less than 1 while factor translocation is more than one. Metal tolerance index values range 95.545%to103.406%. This suggests that Codiaeumvarigatum was a candidate for phytoremediation of lead

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Performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) of treated tofu wastewater: variation of contact time and activated sludge sources

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental science 2019年第1期259卷

作者： N E Sakinah L T Rahmatullah E P Kuncoro N I Oktavitri Study Program of Environmental Science and Technology Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia.

One of the wastewater treatment system that is able to reduce levels of contamination are industrial wastewater using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Important in the early stages of SBR is filling phase (filling) consisting of seeding and acclimatization period. In the seeding and acclimatization period, the reactor will be filled with activated sludge and wastewater aeration process during the next study period. This research was conducted to find out sources and the best contact time of the activated sludge in lowering the concentration of COD and TSS from wastewater of tofu industry. Activated sludge which will be used is sourced from slaughter house, gutters of tofu industry, and polluted rivers. The variation of contact time which will be used is day 0; 1; 3; 5; 9 and 13. The results showed that the activated sludge are sourced from a polluted river sludge with the best percent COD reduction of 81% and TSS by 94% at day 13.

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