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Ambient photolysis frequency of NO2 determined using chemical actinometer and spectroradiometer at an urban site in Beijing

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第6期10卷 73-81页

作者： Qi Zou Keding Lu Yusheng Wu Yudong Yang Zhuofei Du Min Hu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The photolysis frequency of NO2, j（NO2）, is an important analytical parameter in the study of tropospheric chemistry. A chemical actinometer （CA） was built to measure the ambient j（NQ） based on a high precision NOx instrument with 1 min time resolution. Parallel measurements of the ambient j（NO2） by using the CA and a commercial spectroradiometer （SR） were conducted at a typical urban site （Peking University Urban environmental Monitoring Station） in Beijing. In general, good agreement was achieved between the CA and SR data with a high linear correlation coefficient （R2 = 0.977） and a regression slope of 1.12. The regression offset was negligible compared to the measured signal level. Thej（NO2） data were calculated using the tropospheric ultraviolet visible radiation （TUV） model, which was constrained to observe aerosol optical properties. The calculated j（NO2） was intermediate between the results obtained with CA and SR, demonstrating the consistency of all the parameters observed at this site. The good agreement between the CA and SR data, and the consistency with the TUV model results, demonstrate the good performance of the installed SR instrument. Since a drift of the SR sensitivity is expected by the manufacturer, we propose a regular check of the data acquired via SR against those obtained by CA for long-term delivery of a high quality series ofj（NO2） data. Establishing such a time series will be invaluable for analyzing the long-term atmospheric oxidation capacity trends as well as O3 pollution for urban Beijing.

关键词： Photolysis frequency of nitrogen dioxide Chemical actinometer Spectroradiometer Tropospheric ultraviolet visible radiationmodel

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Accurate prediction of air quality response to emissions for effective control policy design

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 116-126页

作者： Min Cao Jia Xing Shovan Kumar Sahu Lei Duan Junhua Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Designing effective control policy requires accurate quantification of the relationship between the ambient concentrations of O3and PM2.5and the emissions of their ***,the challenge is that precursor reduction does not necessarily lead to decreases in the concentrations of O3and PM2.5,which are formed by multiple precursors under complex physical and chemical processes;this calls for the development of advanced model technologies to provide accurate predictions of the nonlinear responses of air quality to *** from the traditional sensitivity analysis and source apportionment methods,the reduced form models(RFMs)based on chemical transport models(CTMs)are able to quantify air quality responses to emissions more accurately and efficiently with lower computational *** we review recent approaches used in RFMs and compare their structures,advantages and disadvantages,performance and *** general,RFMs are classified into three types including(1)sensitivity-based models,(2)models with simplified chemistry and physical processes,and(3)statistical models,with considerable differences in principles,characteristics and application *** prediction of nonlinear responses by RFMs enables more in-depth analysis,not only in terms of real-time prediction of concentrations and quantification of human exposure,health impacts and economic damage,but also in optimizing control ***,data assimilation and emission inventory inversion based on the nonlinear response of concentrations to emissions can also be greatly beneficial to air pollution control *** future studies,improvement in the performance of CTMs is exceedingly crucial to obtain a more reliable baseline for the prediction of air quality *** of models to determine the air quality response to emissions under varying meteorological conditions is also necessary in the context of future climate changes,which pose great challenges to the qua

关键词： Air pollution Nonlinear response Air quality management Reduced form models(RFMs) Precursor emissions

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Removal and ecological impact of sulfamethoxazole and N-acetyl sulfamethoxazole in mesocosmic wetlands dominated by submerged plants: Plant tolerance, microbial response, and nitrogen transformation

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 178034页

作者： Mu, Xiaoying Chen, Congli Fan, Qinya Zhang, Weihang Liu, Fei Guo, Jiaxun Qi, Weixiao Liu, Huijuan Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China School of Environment and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and Technology Jiangsu Province Xuzhou221116 China Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center China Three Gorges Corporation Wuhan430010 China

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and its human metabolite N-acetylsulfamethoxazole (N-SMX) are frequently detected in aquatic environments, posing potential threats to freshwater ecosystem health. Constructed wetlands are pivotal for wastewater treatment, with plant species serving as key determinants of pollutant removal efficiency. In this study, wetlands dominated by three submerged plants (Myriophyllum verticillatum, Vallisneria spiralis, Hydrilla verticillata) were respectively constructed to investigate the removal of SMX and N-SMX, and the impact on wetland ecology regarding plant tolerance, microbial response, and nitrogen transformation. Results showed that wetlands removed N-SMX (82.3–99.8 %) more effectively than SMX (54.3–80.2 %), with the wetland dominated by Myriophyllum verticillatum showing the highest removal efficiency. However, high concentrations (5 mg/L) of SMX and N-SMX significantly reduced NH4+-N and TN removal (p © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第5期13卷 129-137页

作者： Dian Ding Jia Xing Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

We have quantified the impacts of anthropogenic emissions reductions caused by the Air pollution control Action Plan and changes in meteorological fields between 2013 and 2017 on the warm-season O3 concentration in China using a regional 3D chemical transport model. We found that the impact on daily maximum eight-hour (MDA8) O3 concentration by the meteorological variation that mostly increased O3 was greater than that from emission reduction, which decreased O3. Specifically, the control measures implemented since 2013 in China have reduced SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOC emissions by 33%, 25%, 30%, and 4% in 2017, while NH3 emissions have increased by 7%. The changes in anthropogenic emissions lowered MDA8 O3 by 0.4–3.7 ppb (0.8%–7.6%, varying by region and month), although MDA8 O3 was increased slightly in some urban areas (i.e. North China) at the beginning/end of warm seasons. Relative to 2013, the average 2 m temperature in 2017 shows increments in North, North-east, East, and South China (0.34℃–0.83℃) and decreases in Central China (0.24℃). The average solar radiation shows increments in North, North-east, and South China (7.0–9.7 w/m2) and decreases in Central, South-west, and North-west China (4.7–10.3 w/m2). The meteorological differences significantly change MDA8 O3 by -3.5–8.5 ppb (-8.2%–18.8%) with large temporal variations. The average MDA8 O3 was slightly increased in North, North-east, East, and South China. The response surface model suggests that the O3 formation regime transfers from NOx-saturated in April to NOx-limited in July on average in China.

关键词： O3 pollution Meteorological influences Emission reduction NOx VOC

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Warm-wetting and/or warm-drying tendency over Xinjiang, China?

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Journal of Hydrology 2025年 660卷

作者： Wang, Gang Zhang, Qiang Woolway, R. Iestyn Xu, Lei Ma, Hushuang Yang, Zhifeng Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development School of Ecology Environment and Resources Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning Beijing Normal University Zhuhai China School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Wales Bangor United Kingdom State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China

Drylands, characterized by fragile ecosystems and severe water shortages, are highly responsive to climatic changes. Recent studies have observed a general wetting trend in Xinjiang, a region covering over one-sixth of China territory and known for its arid climate. However, the spatiotemporal variability of wetting and drying tendencies and their underlying drivers remain poorly understood. Here we utilize the Eulerian moisture tracking model in conjunction with emergent constraining projections to assess trends in moisture dynamics across Xinjiang. Our analysis reveals a prevailing warm-wetting tendency over the past 40 years. We find that moisture influx into Xinjiang predominantly originated from the North Atlantic, traveling through Europe and West Asia, with external sources contributing approximately 89.1 % of the region's total water vapor. The increased moisture input has driven the observed wetting trend. Constraining projections indicate future increases in precipitation, evaporation, and temperature in Xinjiang, with the rate of change being more pronounced under the SSP585 scenario. Spatially, northern Xinjiang and its mountainous regions exhibit a significant warm-wetting trend, while southern Xinjiang shows a tendency towards warm-drying. Restricting global temperature rises to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as opposed to 2 °C, could mitigate extreme drying and wetting conditions in the region. These findings underscore the partially wetting trend in drylands and highlight the critical need for stringent climate action to limit global warming to 1.5 °C for effective climate change mitigation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Global warming

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Vehicular volatile organic compounds losses due to refueling and diurnal process in China: 2010–2050

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 88-96页

作者： Xiaofan Yang Huan Liu Hongyang Cui Hanyang Man Mingliang Fu Jiming Hao Kebin He School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality

Volatile organic compounds（VOCs） are crucial to control air pollution in major Chinese cities since VOCs are the dominant factor influencing ambient ozone level, and also an important precursor of secondary organic aerosols. Vehicular evaporative emissions have become a major and growing source of VOC emissions in China. This study consists of lab tests, technology evaluation, emissions modeling, policy projections and cost-benefit analysis to draw a roadmap for China for controlling vehicular evaporative emissions. The analysis suggests that evaporative VOC emissions from China＇s light-duty gasoline vehicles were approximately 185,000 ton in 2010 and would peak at 1,200,000 ton in 2040 without control. The current control strategy implemented in China, as shown in business as usual（BAU） scenario, will barely reduce the long-term growth in emissions. Even if Stage II gasoline station vapor control policies were extended national wide（BAU ＋ extended Stage II）, there would still be over 400,000 ton fuel loss in 2050. In contrast, the implementation of on-board refueling vapor recovery（ORVR） on new cars could reduce 97.5% of evaporative VOCs by 2050（BAU ＋ ORVR/BAU ＋ delayed ORVR）. According to the results, a combined Stage II and ORVR program is a comprehensive solution that provides both short-term and long-term benefits. The net cost to achieve the optimal total evaporative VOC control is approximately 62 billion CNY in 2025 and 149 billion CNY in 2050.

关键词： Evaporative VOC emissions China roadmap Vehicle Refueling emission control

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Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 9-16页

作者： Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the *** has achieved remarkable success in improving air quality in last decade as a result of aggressive air pollution control ***,the average fine particulate matter(PM2.5)concentration in China is still about six times of the World Health Organization(WHO)Global Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and causing significant human health *** emission reductions of multiple air pollutants are required for China to achieve the *** we identify the major challenges in future air quality improvement and propose corresponding control *** main challenges include the persistently high health risk attributed to PM2.5 pollution,the excessively loose air quality standards,and coordinated control of air pollution,greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions and emerging *** further improve air quality and protect human health,a health-oriented air pollution control strategy shall be implemented by tightening the air quality standards as well as optimizing emission reduction pathways based on the health risks of various *** the meantime,an“oneatmosphere”concept shall be adopted to strengthen the synergistic control of air pollutants and GHGs and the control of non-combustion sources and emerging pollutants shall be enhanced.

关键词： Air pollution China Health impact Air quality standards GHGs Emerging pollutants

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Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Daliao River watershed, China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 865-871页

作者： QUAN Xiangchun, TANG Qian, HE Mengchang, YANG Zhifeng, LIN Chunye, GUO Wei state key joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. [a]State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

The Daliao River, as an important water system in Northeast China, was reported to be heavily polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）. Aerobic biodegradations of four selected PAHs （naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene） alone or in their mixture in river sediments from the Daliao River water systems were studied in microcosm systems. Effects of additional carbon source, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, temperature variation on PAHs degradation were also investigated. Results showed that the degradation of phenanthrene in water alone system was faster than that in water-sediment combined system. Degradation of phenanthrene in sediment was enhanced by adding yeast extract and ammonium, but retarded by adding sodium acetate and not significantly influenced by adding phosphate. Although PAHs could also be biodegraded in sediment under low temperature （5~C）, much lower degradation rate was observed. Sediments from the three main streams of the Daliao River water system （the Hun River, the Taizi River and the Daliao River） demonstrated different degradation capacities and patterns to four PAHs. Average removal rates （15 or 19 d） of naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene by sediment were in the range of 0.062-0.087, 0.005-0.066, 0.008- 0.016 and 0-0.059 mg/（L.d）, respectively. As a result, naphthalene was most easily degraded compound, anthracene was the hardest one. In multiple PAHs systems, the interactions between PAHs influenced each PAH biodegradation.

关键词： biodegradation the Daliao River microcosm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sediment

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Evidence of coal combustion contribution to ambient VOCs during winter in Beijing

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2013年第9期24卷 829-832页

作者： Ming Wang Min Shao Si-Hua Lu Yu-Dong Yang Wen-Tai Chen State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） play ,an important role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol （SOA） formation, but VOCs sources during winter are not fully understood. To investigate VOCs sources during winter, mixing ratios of C2-C12 VOCs were measured at an urban site in Beijing from December 29, 2011 to January 17, 2012. Correlation analysis of toluene to benzene and i-pentane to n-pentane suggest that coal combustion could also be an important source for VOCs besides vehicular emissions. Source apportionment results show that coal combustion and vehicular emissions contributed 28%-39% and 31%-45% to ambient VOCs during winter, respectively. Backward trajectory analyses demonstrated that contributions from the burning of coal were higher when air masses came from southern regions outside Beijing. Close attention should be paid to VOCs emissions from coal combustion in Beijing city and the vicinity to the South.

关键词： VOC Source apportionment Coal combustion Transport

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Quantifying the ambient formaldehyde sources utilizing tracers

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2014年第11期25卷 1489-1491页

作者： Mei Li Min Shao Ling-Yu Li Si-Hua Lu Wen-Tai Chen Chen Wang State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

Formaldehyde（HCHO） is one of the most important intermediate products of atmospheric photochemical reactions in the troposphere, therefore understanding of HCHO sources is essential for effective ozone control measures. The objective of this work is to distinguish between primary and secondary sources of HCHO. Based on about one month of online measurements in winter in Ziyang,Sichuan, the multi-linear regression analysis of ambient concentrations of HCHO and possible tracers（acetonitrile, propane and peroxyacetyl nitrate） was performed. The results show that during winter in Ziyang, biomass burning contributed an average of 53.2% to ambient HCHO levels, while secondary processes contributed about 30.1%, and vehicular sources accounted for 7.1%.

关键词： Formaldehyde Sources Tracers Multi-linear regression

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