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Evaluation of the technoeconomic feasibility of electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production for decentralized water treatment

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 31-45页

作者： Yang Li Yixin Zhang Guangshen Xia Juhong Zhan Gang Yu Yujue Wang School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlBeijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This study evaluated the feasibility of electrochemical hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)production with gas diffusion electrode(GDE)for decentralized water *** black-polytetrafluoroethylene GDEs were prepared and tested in a continuous flow electrochemical cell for H2O2 production from oxygen *** showed that because of the effective oxygen transfer in GDEs,the electrode maintained high apparent current efficiencies(ACEs,>80%)for H_(2)O_(2) production over a wide current density range of 5–400 mA/cm^(2),and H_(2)O_(2) production rates as high as~202 mg/h/cm^(2) could be ***-term stability test showed that the GDE maintained high ACEs(>85%)and low energy consumption(<10 kWh/kg H2O2)for H_(2)O_(2) production for 42 d(~1000 h).However,the ACEs then decreased to~70%in the following 4 days because water flooding of GDE pores considerably impeded oxygen transport at the late stage of the *** on an electrode lifetime of 46 days,the overall cost for H2O2 production was estimated to be~0.88$/kg H_(2)O_(2),including an electricity cost of 0.61$/kg and an electrode capital cost of 0.27$/*** a 9 cm^(2) GDE and 40 mA/cm^(2) current density,~2–4 mg/L of H2O2 could be produced on site for the electro-peroxone treatment of a 1.2 m^(3)/d groundwater flow,which considerably enhanced ibuprofen abatement compared with ozonation alone(~43%–59%vs.7%).These findings suggest that electrochemical H_(2)O_(2) production with GDEs holds great promise for the development of compact treatment technologies for decentralized water treatment at a household and community level.

关键词： Advanced oxidation process Electro-peroxone Gas diffusion electrode Hydrogen peroxide Oxygen reduction

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Major reactive species of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their sources in Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第z2期48卷 147-154页

作者： SHAO Min FU Linlin LIU Ying LU Sihua ZHANG Yuanhang TANG Xiaoyan State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important precursors of atmospheric chemical *** a whole mixture,the ambient VOCs show very strong chemical *** on OH radical loss rates in the air,the chemical reactivity of VOCs in Beijing was *** results revealed that alkenes,accounting for only about 15%in the mixing ratio of VOCs,provide nearly 75%of the reactivity of ambient VOCs and the C4 to C5 alkenes were the major reactive species among the *** study of emission characteristics of various VOCs sources indicated that these alkenes are mainly from vehicle exhaust and gasoline *** reduction of alkene species in these two sources will be effective in photochemical pollution control in Beijing.

关键词： alkenes radicals vehicle exhaust gasoline evaporation.

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Optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 2076-2083页

作者： Jiewei Liu Junwei Ma Yanzhong Liu Ya Yang Dongbei Yue Hongtao Wang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University School of Environment Tsinghua University

The optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 produced by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering were investigated. The optimal medium carbon source,nitrogen source, metal ion, initial pH and culture temperature for the bioflocculant production were glucose, NaNO3, MgSO4, and pH 7.0 and 25°C, respectively. A compositional analysis indicated that the purified M-C11 consisted of 91.2% sugar, 4.6% protein and 3.9% nucleic acids（m/m）. A Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl,methoxyl and amino groups. The microbial flocculant exhibited excellent pH and thermal stability in a kaolin suspension over a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and a temperature range of 20 to 60°*** optimum bioflocculating activity was observed as 92.37% for 2.56 mL M-C11 and 0.37 g/L CaCl2 dosages using response surface methodology. The sludge resistance in filtration（SRF）decreased from 11.6 × 1012 to 4.7 × 1012m/kg, which indicated that the sludge dewaterability was remarkably enhanced by the bioflocculant conditioning. The sludge dewatering performance conditioned by M-C11 was more efficient than that of inorganic flocculating reagents,such as aluminum sulfate and polymeric aluminum chloride. The bioflocculant has advantages over traditional sludge conditioners due to its lower cost, benign biodegradability and negligible secondary pollution. In addition, the bioflocculant was favorably adapted to the specific sludge pH and salinity.

关键词： Bioflocculant Klebsiella sp. Optimized production Response surface methodology Sludge dewatering

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Characteristics of carbonyls and volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in residences in Beijing, China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 73-84页

作者： Hengyi DUAN Xiaotu LIU Meilin YAN Yatao WU Zhaorong LIU Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and carbonyl compounds were measured both indoors and outdoors in 50 residences of Beijing in heating （December, 2011） and non-heating seasons （April/May, 2012）. SUMMA canisters for VOCs and diffusive samplers for carbonyl compounds were deployed for 24 h at each site, and 94 compounds were quantified. Formaldehyde, acetone and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds both indoors and outdoors with indoor median concentrations being 32.1, 21.7 and 15.3 μg·m-3, respec- tively. Ethane （17.6 μg·m-3）, toluene （14.4 μg·m-3）, pro- pane （11.2 μg·m-3）, ethene （8.40 μg·m-3）, n-butane （6.87 μg·m-3）, and benzene （5.95 μg·m-3） showed the high median concentrations in indoor air. Dichloromethane, p- dichlorobenzene （p-DCB） and toluene exhibited extremely high levels in some residences, which were related with a number of indoor emission sources. Moreover, isoprene, p- dichlorobenzene and carbonyls showed median indoor/ outdoor （I/O） ratios larger than 3, indicating their indoor sources were prevailing. Chlorinated compounds like CFCs were mainly from outdoor sources for their I/O ratios being less than 1. In addition, indoor concentrations between two sampling seasons varied with different compounds. Carbonyl compounds and some chlorinated compounds had higher concentrations in the non-heating season, while alkanes, alkenes, aromatic compounds showed an increase in the heating season. Indoor concentration of VOCs and carbonyls were influenced by locations, interior decorations and indoor activities, however the specific sources for indoor VOCs and carbonyls could not be easily identified. The findings obtained in this study would significantly enhance our understandings on the prevalent and abundant species of VOCs as well as their concentrations and sources in Beijing residences.

关键词： indoor air Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) carbonyl compounds residence

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Application of internal standard method in recombinant luminescent bacteria test

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 128-134页

作者： Yong-zhi Wang Dan Li Miao He Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (ESPC) State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University Fudan University Department of Environmental Science & Engineering

Mercury and its organic compounds have been of severe concern worldwide due to their damage to the ecosystem and human health. The development of effective and affordable technology to monitor and signal the presence of bioavailable mercury is an urgent *** Mer gene is a mercury-responsive resistant gene, and a mercury-sensing recombinant luminescent bacterium using the Mer gene was constructed in this study. The mer operon from marine Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 was amplified and fused with prompterless lux CDABE in the p UCD615 plasmid within Escherichia coli cells, resulting in p THE30–E. *** recombinant strain showed high sensitivity and specificity. The detection limit of Hg^2＋was 5 nmol/L, and distinct luminescence could be detected in 30 min. Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋, Ca^2＋,Pb^2＋, Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋, and Al^3＋did not interfere with the detection over a range of 10-5–1 m *** of recombinant luminescent bacteria testing in environmental samples has been a controversial issue： especially for metal-sensing recombinant strains, false negatives caused by high cytotoxicity are one of the most important issues when applying recombinant luminescent bacteria in biomonitoring of heavy metals. In this study, by establishing an internal standard approach, the false negative problem was overcome;furthermore, the method can also help to estimate the suspected mercury concentration,which ensures high detection sensitivity of bioavailable Hg2＋.

关键词： Mercury Biomonitoring Recombinant luminescent bacteria p THE30–E.coli Internal standard method False negative

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Releasing characteristics of phosphorus and other substances during thermal treatment of excess sludge

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2007年第10期19卷 1153-1158页

作者： XUE Tao HUANG Xia Department of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The releasing characteristics of phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, organics, and some metal cations during thermal treatment of excess sludge were investigated. It was found that during heating not only phosphorus, but also nitrogen compounds, organics, and some metal cations could be released in abundance. The maximum orthophosphate （ortho-P） release of about 90 mg/L in concentration was observed at 50℃ in 1 h. Except for volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, comparatively little total nitrogen （TN）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and metal cations were released at the same time. Such results might favor further process of phosphorus recovery. VFAs were considerably released only at 50℃. Acetic, butyric, and propionic acid were the most abundant components in turn and their releasing profiles exhibited good linear relationship with time （R2 = 0.9977, 0.9624, and 0.8908, respectively）. The concentrations of Mg^2＋ and K^＋ increased with time and temperature during thermal treatment, but Ca^2＋ decreased. The release of Mg^2＋ and K^＋ agreed well with TP release （R^2 = 0.9892 and 0.9476, respectively）. Temperature in the experimental range had very little impact on the linear relationships, especially of Mg^2＋. Moreover, the parameter of mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） was found to be an important factor for thermal sludge treatment as the released ortho-P and total phosphorus （TP） at 50℃ increased more than one-fold when MLSS was increased from 4000 to 8000 mg/L.

关键词： phosphorus recovery excess sludge volatile fatty acids (VFAs) metal cations

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In situ airborne virus inactivation by microwave irradiation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第13期59卷 1438-1445页

作者： Yan Wu Maosheng Yao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

Infectious diseases cause tremendous costs of both human and economy ***,we have studied the bacterial,fungal,and allergen aerosol inactivation by direct microwave ***,we further investigated its effects on airborne ***2 coliphage used as a human model virus was aerosolized and exposed to the direct microwave irradiation for*2 min at three different power levels(700,385,and 119 W).In addition to the survival rate,the viral genes before and after the microwave treatments were also examined using PCR and gel *** exposure of airborne MS2viruses to the microwave irradiation at 700 W for less than2 min was shown to result in more than 90%inactivation efficiency,about 65%at medium power level(385 W),and 50%at the lowest level(119 W).The aerosol inactivation rate followed a linear relationship with the microwave exposure time(R2=0.9889).Scanning electron images revealed visible damages to the viral surface after the *** were also observed to the viral RNA genes coding for coat proteins,among which the A protein gene was completely *** study demonstrated that even without the filtration the direct microwave irradiation could also achieve rapid inactivation of viral *** information obtained can provide useful guidance on the development of microwave-based viral threat mitigation solutions in a closed or semi-closed space.

关键词：病毒灭活微波辐射空气病毒基因微波照射感染性疾病气溶胶大肠杆菌

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Mercury mass flow in iron and steel production process and its implications for mercury emission control

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 293-301页

作者： Fengyang Wang Shuxiao Wang Lei Zhang Hai Yang Wei Gao Qingru Wu Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China

The iron and steel production process is one of the predominant anthropogenic sources of atmospheric mercury emissions worldwide. In this study, field tests were conducted to study mercury emission characteristics and mass flows at two iron and steel plants in China. It was found that low-sulfur flue gas from sintering machines could contribute up to41% of the total atmospheric mercury emissions, and desulfurization devices could remarkably help reduce the emissions. Coal gas burning accounted for 17%–49% of the total mercury emissions, and therefore the mercury control of coal gas burning, specifically for the power plant burning coal gas to generate electricity, was significantly important. The emissions from limestone and dolomite production and electric furnaces can contribute29.3% and 4.2% of the total mercury emissions from iron and steel production. More attention should be paid to mercury emissions from these two processes. Blast furnace dust accounted for 27%–36% of the total mercury output for the whole iron and steel production process. The recycling of blast furnace dust could greatly increase the atmospheric mercury emissions and should not be conducted. The mercury emission factors for the coke oven,sintering machine and blast furnace were 0.039–0.047 g Hg/ton steel, and for the electric furnace it was 0.021 g Hg/ton steel. The predominant emission species was oxidized mercury, accounting for 59%–73% of total mercury emissions to air.

关键词： Iron and steel plant Mercury Emission characteristics Mass flow Emission control

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Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of Legionella

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 173-183页

作者： Menghao Chen Liangliang Shi Gang Liu Xiaojin Wu Yun Lu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Reclaimed water utilization provides an effective way to alleviate water ***,the residual pathogens in the recycled water like Legionella,could be spread into the air as aerosols through water-to-air transmission *** the aerosols by the people nearby increases their susceptibility to *** estimating the health risks associated with the potential exposure of airborne Legionella emitted from the urban use of reclaimed water in China,nationwide questionnaire was designed to investigate the exposure habits of Chinese population in different *** microbial risk assessment(QMRA)served as the suitable explanatory tool to estimate the *** results indicated that annual infection probability of populations exposed to Legionella for three scenarios,0.0764(95%CI:0.0032−0.6880)for road cleaning,1.0000(95%CI:0.1883−1.0000)for greenfield irrigation,0.9981(95%CI:0.0784−1.0000)for landscape fountain,were markedly higher than the threshold recommended by WHO(10^(−4) per person per year(pppy))according to the concentration distribution of Legionella in the reclaimed *** age-,educational background-,region-and gender-specific data in annual infection probability also showed different tendencies for some *** study provides some detailed information on the health risks from the water reuse in China and will be useful to promote the safe application of reclaimed water in water-deficient areas.

关键词： Legionella QMRA Reclaimed water Aerosol Water reuse

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Heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第21期48卷 2267-2276页

作者： DING Jie & ZHU Tong state key joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, College of environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhu Tong (e-mail:tzhu@ ***) State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University China

Fine particles play an important role in the atmosphere. Research on heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles is one of the frontier areas of atmospheric science. In this paper, physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles in the atmosphere and the interactions between trace gases and fine particles are described, methods used in heterogeneous reactions research are discussed in detail, progress in the study of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere is summarized, existing important questions are pointed out and future research directions are suggested.

关键词：细微颗粒大气科学多相反应空气动力学

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