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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Shanting Typaldos, Panagiotis Malikopoulos, Andreas A. System Engineering Program Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The System Engineering Program Cornell University IthacaNY United States

In this paper, we present Corridor-Agent (CorrA), a framework that integrates large language models (LLMs) with model predictive control (MPC) to address the challenges of dynamic obstacle avoidance in autonomous vehicles. Our approach leverages LLM reasoning ability to generate appropriate parameters for sigmoid-based boundary functions that define safe corridors around obstacles, effectively reducing the state-space of the controlled vehicle. The proposed framework adjusts these boundaries dynamically based on real-time vehicle data that guarantees collision-free trajectories while also ensuring both computational efficiency and trajectory optimality. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem and solved with differential dynamic programming (DDP) for constrained optimization, and the proposed approach is embedded within an MPC framework. Extensive simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves superior performance in maintaining safety and efficiency in complex, dynamic environments compared to a baseline MPC approach. © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Combining Cooperative Re-Routing with Intersection Coordination for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Urban Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Typaldos, Panagiotis Malikopoulos, Andreas A. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The System Engineering Program Cornell University IthacaNY United States

In this paper, we present a hierarchical framework that integrates upper-level routing with low-level optimal trajectory planning for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) traveling in an urban network. The upper-level controller efficiently distributes traffic flows by utilizing a dynamic rerouting algorithm that leverages real-time density information and the fundamental diagrams of each network edge. This rerouting approach predicts when each edge will reach critical density and proactively adjusts the routing algorithm’s weights to prevent congestion before it occurs. The low-level controller coordinates CAVs as they cross signal-free intersections, generating optimal, fuel-efficient trajectories while ensuring safe passage by satisfying all relevant constraints. We formulate the problem as an optimal control problem and derive an analytical solution. Using the SUMO micro-simulation platform, we conduct simulation experiments on a realistic network. The results show that our hierarchical framework significantly enhances network performance compared to a baseline static routing approach. By dynamically re-routing vehicles, our approach successfully reduces total travel time and mitigates congestion before it develops. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Travel time

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Four Decades of Atmospheric Mercury Records at Mt. Everest Reveals Significant Reduction in Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions Over the Past Decade

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第5期2卷 824-836页

作者： Ruoyu Sun Rui Zhang Yuchen Yang Yi Liu Wang Zheng Qianggong Zhang Huiming Lin Yindong Tong Yanxu Zhang James Schauer Xuejun Wang Jiubin Chen Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China；Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Eco-environmental Protection of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Ministry of Education) School of Ecology and Environment Tibet University Lhasa 850000 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 United States

Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal of global concern, with its anthropogenic emissions strictly controlled by the Minamata Convention on Mercury. The effectiveness of this convention is evaluated by global atmospheric Hg monitoring among other indicators. However, it is uncertain to directly link anthropogenic Hg emissions to atmospheric Hg concentrations mainly due to legacy Hg re-emissions. Here, we reconstructed the past atmospheric Hg concentrations and isotope compositions using the annually resolved (1982–2020) leaves ofAndrosace tapeteat Mt. Everest, Tibetan Plateau. Our reconstruction indicates that the atmospheric Hg concentrations increased from the early 1980s to 2002 (3.31 ng m–3), followed by a large (∼70%) decline until 2020 (0.90 ng m–3). The declining trend of atmospheric Hg concentrations resembles those observed at North Hemisphere background sites, particularly in Chinese rural areas. Notably, there has been an increasing enrichment of light isotopes in atmospheric Hg over the past decade. Using an isotope mixing model based on δ202Hg, we show that the atmospheric Hg has declined over the past decade that is mainly driven by reduced anthropogenic emissions. The contributions of the terrestrial legacy re-emissions are rather stable, but their atmospheric fractions increased from ∼44% in 2010 to ∼62% in 2020. Given the importance of legacy Hg, the current strategies should prioritize assessing legacy Hg remobilization.

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Ozone pollution induced-yield loss of major staple crops in China and effects from COVID-19

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年 157卷 804-820页

作者： Haiyang Liu Siyuan Wang Guangsheng Chen Zhaozhong Feng Di Liu Wenxiu Zhang Shufen Pan Hanqin Tian State Key Laboratory For Ecological Security of Regions and Cities Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Department of Engineering and Environmental Studies Program Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-9991 USA

Surface ozone (O 3 ) pollution showed a continuous increasing trend during the recent decades in China, posing an increasing threat to food security. A wide range of yield reductions have been reported and thus more studies are needed to narrow down the uncertainty resulting from spatiotemporal accuracy of O 3 metrics and extrapolation methods. Based on a high spatial resolution (0.1°) hourly surface O 3 data, here we analyzed the spatiotemporal O 3 pollution patterns and impacts on yield, production and economic losses for wheat, rice, and maize in China during 2005–2020. The accumulated O 3 exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) increased by 10 % during 2005–2019, and a decrease of 5.56 % was observed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Rising O 3 pollution reduced national level wheat, rice and maize yields by 14.51 % ± 0.43 %, 11.10 % ± 0.6 %, and 3.99 % ± 0.11 %, respectively. A Business-As-Usual projection suggested that the relative yield loss (RYL) would potentially reach 8 %–18 % at the national scale by 2050 if no emission control is implemented. COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 led to significantly reduced RYL for maize (0.52 %) and rice (2.17 %) but not for wheat (0.11 %), with the largest reduction (1.88 %–9.4 %) in North China Plain, highlighting the potential benefits of emission control. Our findings provided robust evidence that rising O 3 pollution has significantly affected China's crop yields, production and economic losses, underscoring the urgent need to curb O 3 pollution to safeguard food security, particularly in densely populated and industrialized regions.

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Initiation of ice jam in front of bridge piers-An experimental study

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第1期31卷 117-123页

作者： Jun Wang Jian Hua Pang-pang Chen Jueyi Sui Peng Wu Todd Whitcombe College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Modern Green Development Co.LTD Beijing 100028China Environmental Sciences and Engineering Program University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeBCCanada Environmental System Engineering Program University of ReginaReginaCanada

The presence of bridge piers in natural rivers significantly changes the flow and boundary *** a consequence,ice jams can often be initiated in front of bridge *** the changes in flow conditions,two types of ice jam formation may appear:surface accumulation of ice blocks (surface ice blockage) and thickened accumulation of ice blocks (vertical ice blockage).In the present study,the initiation process of ice jam was studied based on *** is found that the critical ice concentration for ice jam blockage depends on the ice block dimension,channel opening and flow *** surface blockage conditions,a larger ratio of ice cube dimension to channel opening (between piers) can result in a smaller critical ice concentration for ice jam blockage,which has no obvious relation with flow *** vertical blockage conditions,the critical ice concentration for ice jam blockage increases with flow Froude number and decreases with the ratio of ice dimension to channel opening (between piers).Based on experiments conducted in laboratory,equations for determining critical ice concentration for these two types of ice jam blockage have been developed.

关键词： Bridge piers surface ice blockage vertical ice blockage critical ice concentrations

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Some solution strategies for automated highway exit bottleneck problems

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 1996年第3期4卷 167-179页

作者： Ran, B Huang, WJ Leight, S Intelligent Transportation System Program Department of Civil Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin at Madison 2256 Engineering Hall 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 U.S.A.

Transportation planners are exploring methods to ease congestion on urban freeways. The Automated Highway system(AHS) is a potential solution that could triple current freeway capacity. A three-fold increase in freeway capacity would translate into a significant increase in peak freeway traffic how. The corresponding increase of flow on urban roads due to exiting AHS vehicles could quickly overwhelm the capacity of urban streets and lead to critical bottlenecking of AHS flow. If exiting AHS vehicles cannot sufficiently clear AHS exits because the local streets are jammed, traffic will spill onto the AHS mainline and reduce AHS capacity. The loss of AHS capacity due to congestion in urban destinations and the resulting back spill of traffic onto the AHS wilt greatly detract from the AHS system. The following Non-Intermodal Interface (NII) and Intermodal Interface (II) strategies are proposed as solutions to this critical problem: (1) the dispersion of flow through AHS networks;(2) the dispersion of flow at commuter destinations;and (3) the consolidation of flow at central locations. Specifically, smart street signals and prioritized street design, intermodal terminals, and automated garages are identified as potential solutions. This paper qualitatively discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three general strategies, and quantitatively discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four specific solutions through Simulated scenarios which account for varying ramp volumes, trip attraction patterns, and urban structures. Our investigation shows that creative combinations of these methods can be useful to integrate future AHS with local road networks. Without such integration, the AHS cannot succeed. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

关键词： Highway systems

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Machine learning-based analysis on factors influencing blood heavy metal concentrations in the Korean CHildren's environmental health Study (Ko-CHENS)

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 978卷

作者： Jung, Seowoo Shah, Surabhi Oh, Jongmin Bang, Yoorim Lee, Ji Hyen Kim, Hwan-Cheol Jeong, Kyoung Sook Park, Huibyeol Lee, Eun-Kyung Hong, Yun-Chul Ha, Eunhee Department of Statistics Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Human Systems Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Institute for Development and Human Security Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Inha University Hospital Inha University Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Wonju College of Medicine Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Yonsei University Wonju Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon Korea Republic of Institute of Environmental Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Ewha Medical Research Institute College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of

Heavy metal concentration in pregnant women affects neurocognitive and behavioral development of their infants and children. The majority of existing research focusing on pregnant women's heavy metal concentration has considered individual environmental factor. In this study, we aim to comprehensively consider lifestyle, food, and environmental factors to determine the most influential factor affecting heavy metal concentration in pregnant women. The Ko-CHENS (Korean CHildren health and environmental Study) is a nationwide prospective birth cohort study in South Korea enrolling pregnant women from 2015 to 2020. A total of 5458 eligible pregnant women were included in this study, and 897 variables were included in questionnaire comprising: maternal general information, indoor and living environment, dietary habits, health behavior, exposure to chemicals. Lead, cadmium and mercury concentration on blood were measured in early, late pregnancy and in cord blood at birth. Variables that might be related to heavy metal concentrations were included in machine learning models. Random forest and XGBoost machine learning models were conducted for predictions. Both models had similar but better performance than multiple linear regression. Kimchi (β = 1.55), seaweed (β = 0.40), fatty fish (β = 1.55), intakes respectively affected lead, cadmium, and mercury exposure through early, late pregnancy and cord blood. © 2025

关键词： Obstetrics

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Analysis of the life cycle environmental impact reductions of remanufactured turbochargers

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Journal of Remanufacturing 2023年第2期13卷 187-206页

作者： Lee, Jong-Hyo Kang, Hong-Yoon Kim, Young-Woon Hwang, Yong Woo Kwon, Soon-Gil Park, Hee-Won Choi, Ji-Woo Choi, Hwan-Ho Program in Circular Economy Environmental System Inha University Incheon South Korea Department of Environmental Engineering Inha University Incheon South Korea

Recently, remanufacturing approach/technology, which includes a series of the processes of disassembling, cleaning, inspecting, repairing/reconditioning, reassembling components for resale, is becoming more popular as companies look for a way to combat the current climate crisis, and as it allows companies to reduce environmental impacts and to save energy and resources. This study analyzed the reduction effect of six environmental impacts and the savings effect of energy and resources by turbocharger remanufacturing compared to its newly manufacturing using a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The results show that the most significant benefit of the turbocharger remanufacturing related to environmental impacts was the global warming potential (GWP), which could be reduced by 52.2%, followed by the abiotic depletion potential (ADP), terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP), human toxicity potential (HTP), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP) and marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP) which could be reduced by 51.9%, 44.8%, 44.2%, 42.6%, and 36.7%, respectively. Also, its resource saving could be obtained from 21.7 to 73.5% depending on the type of resources. Furthermore, turbocharger remanufacturing offered a significant energy saving of 83.9%. The results obtained from this study could be used for national policy-making to a net-zero carbon transition. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Energy/Resources savings environmental impacts Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Turbocharger remanufacturing

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Solving the bottleneck problem at automated highway exits

Solving the bottleneck problem at automated highway exits

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1996 Vehicular Navigation and Information systems Conference, VNIS 1996

作者： Ran, Bin Huang, Wenjing Leight, Shawn Intelligent Transportation System Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin at Madison 2256 Engineering Hall 1415 Engineering Drive MadisonWI53706 United States

Automated Highway systems (AHS) offer a potential solution that could triple current freeway capacity. A three-fold increase in freeway capacity would translate into a significant increase in peak freeway traffic flow. The corresponding increase of flow on urban roads due to exiting AHS vehicles could quickly overwhelm the capacity of urban streets and lead to critical bottlenecking of AHS flow. If exiting AHS vehicles can not sufficiently clear AHS exits because the local streets are jammed, traffic will spill onto the AHS mainline and reduce AHS capacity. The loss of AHS capacity due to congestion in urban destinations and the resulting back spill of traffic onto the AHS will greatly detract from the AHS system. The following Non-Intermodal Interface (NII) and Intermodal Interface (II) strategies are proposed as solutions to this critical bottleneck problem: 1) the dispersion of flow through AHS networks;2) the dispersion of flow at commuter destinations;and 3) the consolidation of flow at central locations. Specifically, smart street signals and prioritized street design;intermodal terminals;and automated garages are identified as potential solutions. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the three general strategies. Specifically, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four specific solutions through simulated scenarios which account for varying ramp volumes, trip attraction patterns, and urban structures. Our investigation shows that creative combinations of these methods can be useful to integrate future AHS with local road networks. © 1996 IEEE.

关键词： Hazardous materials spills

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Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes and control of horizontal transfer risk by UV-based treatment of drinking water: A mini review

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2019年第3期13卷 3-11页

作者： Virender K.Sharma Xin Yu Thomas J.McDonald Chetan Jinadatha Dionysios D.Dionysiou Mingbao Feng Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Temple TX 76504 USA College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Science Center Bryan TX 77807 USA Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DChEE) 705 Engineering Research Center University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as one of the biggest public health issues of the 21 st century. Both ARB and ARGs have been determined in water after treatment with conventional disinfectants. Ultraviolet (UV) technology has been seen growth in application to disinfect the water. However, UV method alone is not adequate to degrade ARGs in water. Researchers are investigating the combination of UV with other oxidants (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and photocatalysts) to harness the high reactivity of produced reactive species (C1-, C1O -, Cl2-,-OH, and SO4-_) in such processes with constituents of cell (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its components) in order to increase the degradation efficiency of ARGs. This paper briefly reviews the current status of different UV-based treatments (UV/chlorination, UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV-photocatalysis) to degrade ARGs and to control horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in water. The review also provides discussion on the mechanism of degradation of ARGs and application of q-PCR and gel electrophoresis to obtain insights of the fate of ARGs during UV-based treatment processes.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance bacteria Advanced oxidation processes Disinfection Reactive chlorine species Sulfate radicals Reactive oxygen species

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