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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2021年第2期1098卷

作者： I N Sinarta P I Wahyuni P Aryastana Department of Civil Engineering Universitas Warmadewa Jl. Terompong No.24 Denpasar Bali Indonesia International Ph.D. Program in Environmental Science and Technology (University System of Taiwan) National Central University Taiwan

Geological structural and rainfall intensity causes the parameters of soil shear strength to decline, especially in the surface layer of soil in volcanic rocks that have not experienced weathering. Study of geological structures and rainfall intensity against the hazard of a landslide was destroyed on the slopes of Mount Abang in the Abang Batudinding Village. Soil investigations using the Geoelectric method and sampling at 6 boreholes. Geological analysis on interpretation of slope outcrops, average rainfall analysis of the Thiessen Polygon method and analysis of design flood discharge using the NHSU method. Analysis results show the morphology of the slopes of Mount Abang with a slope of more than 40% and lithology of weathered volcanic rocks consisting of volcanic breccias, and tuffs breccias in conditions rather mild to moderate weathering, if have average effective rainfall for 10-50 years at 238 mm/day. The results also show that the peak discharge of debris flow was 98.639 m3/sec with the volume of debris flow 50072.85 m3 and the width of the range was 49.5 m. This debris flow volume indicated that residents around the river with a range of 49.5 m are at risk of debris flow sediment with a thickness of 1-1.5 m.

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Effects of Paternal Cadmium Exposure on Birth Outcomes Considering Heavy Metal Mixtures Using Propensity Score Matching

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lee, Yu Min Ha, Eun Hee Kim, Yangho Park, Hyesook Hong, Yun-Chul Ha, Mina Kim, Young Ju Yonsei University College of Medicine Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Ulsan University Hospital University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine Ewha Medical Research Center Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan Korea Republic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of

BackgroundHuman exposure to cadmium has various effects on health, especially the reproductive organs in males. Although it is widely known that prenatal maternal cadmium exposure can affect birth outcomes, the effect of paternal exposure to cadmium remains *** purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of paternal cadmium exposure on fetal growth by considering not only maternal cadmium exposure but also exposure to other heavy *** Mothers and Children’s environmental Health (MOCEH) study is a prospective birth cohort study in Korea. Overall, 1313 families (Father-Mother-Child) who did not have child abnormalities and who completed paternal whole blood cadmium assessments were included. Families were divided into two subgroups based on the blood sampling period (early and late pregnancy). Subjects were selected one family triple with high level of paternal cadmium and 2 triples with low levels of paternal cadmium, using the method of propensity score matching. And linear regression analyses were *** group with high paternal cadmium exposure (80% or more: 1.93 ug/L) had less birth weight than the group with low cadmium concentrations(β(se)=-0.21(0.10), p-value=0.0283). After stratified by infantile sex, prenatal paternal cadmium exposure significantly reduced the birth weight of girls only in both subgroup of different sampling time (Early pregnancy: β(se) = −0.52 (0.22), p-value = 0.0170, Late pregnancy: β(se) = −0.43 (0.18), p-value = 0.0160). Finally, after performing propensity score matching in the early pregnancy measurement group, it was found that the prenatal exposure of cadmium in fathers significantly reduced birth weight in girls(β(se)=-0.72(0.25), p-value=0.0047).DiscussionThis study assessed the effect of paternal cadmium exposure on birth outcomes in family units consisting of a father, mother, and child. Considering other heavy metals exposure during pregnancy and covariates, prenatal paternal cad

关键词： Cadmium

Hospital Admission Risks and Excess Costs for Neurological Symptoms Attributable to Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in New York State, USA

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Min, Jieun Lee, Whanhee Bell, Michelle L. Kim, Yijun Heo, Seulkee Kim, Ga Eun Kim, Jee Hyun Yun, Ji Young Kim, Soo In Schwartz, Joel Ha, Eunhee Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering College of Information and Biomedical Engineering Pusan National University Yangsan Korea Republic of Yale School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Psychiatry Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Neurology Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Health Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health BostonMA United States Department of Medical Science Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Institute Seoul Korea Republic of

Background: Although emerging evidence suggests that PM2.5 is linked to neurological symptoms (NSs) via neuroinflammation, relevant studies are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the risks and excess costs of hospital admission for five NSs—fatigue, headache, dizziness, convulsion, and paralysis—attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 in New York State, ***: We analyzed the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative system (SPARCS) from 2010 to 2016. A Bayesian hierarchical model with integrated nested Laplace approximations was performed to estimate the risks and excess costs of hospital admission for NSs due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 at the county ***: A 1 µg/m3 increase in lag 0–1 years PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of headache and convulsion by 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) and 1.04 (1.01, 1.06), respectively. The excess hospital admission cost for five NSs attributable to lag 0–1 years PM2.5 above the new World Health Organization guideline (annual standard: 5 µg/m3) was $200.24 (95% CI: 6.00, 376.96) million during 2011–2016, recording the highest for convulsion ($153.73 [95% CI: 63.61, 244.19] million).Conclusions: This study provides quantitative estimates of risks and excess costs for NSs attributable to long-term PM2.5 and suggests that policies that reduce long-term PM2.5 concentration in accordance with the new WHO air quality guidelines can yield substantial health and economic benefits related to NSs in the New York State population. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

Sequential Action-Based Dynamic Decision-Support Model for Urban Ecological Planning

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution Team SK forest Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Ave DavisCA95616 United States Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. However, tools to support stepwise mitigation strategies that account for dynamic ecological responses to continuing urban development are limited. Therefore, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision-making model to simulate stepwise mitigation measures in space over time using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focused on exploring the ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures through four decades to identify trade-offs and optimal plans that minimize landscape connectivity and edge density as ecological responses to urban development and minimize implementation costs per action. The results showed that adopting an initial low-investment strategy with sequential planning significantly enhanced potential ecological benefits beyond the 2000s compared with one-action planning. In contrast, the initial high-cost investment exhibited a gradual decline in the ecological benefits over time from 1995. The initial low-cost investment presented an opportunity to enhance ecological benefits by implementing early mitigation measures in locations capable of sustaining long-term ecological functions. The results suggest that sequential planning offers valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning by analyzing time-series data. This study enables step-by-step scenario testing, thereby supporting the facilitation of urban and regional sustainability planning. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlements on Mars

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Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlem...

Accelerating Space Commerce, Exploration, and New Discovery Conference, ASCEND 2023

作者： Lordos, George Hoying, Madelyn McKinney, Lanie Webb, Alisa Lin, Yuying Martin, Estelle Beilstein, John Miller, Duncan Villegas, David Sepulveda, Francisco AlSadah, Yousif Iyer, Divya O’Neill, Cormac Patel, Palak Garcia, Ignacio Arzuaga Azzouz, H. Chan, Wing Lam Eyre, Ezra Gleason, Dane Romero, Elizabeth Arias, Liliana Orozco, Omar Gentgen, Chloe Latyshev, Kir Hoffman, Jeffrey de Weck, Olivier Ikinci, Meltem Lordos, Alexandros Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program and MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States System Design and Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. E40-300 CambridgeMA02139 United States Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 37-219 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-410 CambridgeMA02139 United States Behavioral Economics University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Psychology University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9781624107054

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107054

We propose a ten-yearMars mission to establish Earth-independence and support efficient, safe, and sustainable science and exploration goals. The campaign begins with a series of precursor missions, starting with the Artemis program, followed by robotic missions to performsite surveys and selection, de-risk technologies, and to start stockpiling in-situ water and propellant. Robotic Cargo Starships would depart first in 2035 to deliver and deploy approximately 5,800 tons of habitats, nuclear microreactors, farmmodules, manufacturing and ISRU systems. In 2040, two Crew Starships carrying 36 persons would land onMars to establish two close-proximity villages. The lifecycle cost is estimated at $81 billion, with a peak annual cost of $6.6 billion. To meet RASC-AL competition requirements, intended to motivate the exploration of highly self-reliant architecture concepts, resupply from Earth was constrained to only 5 metric tons every two years and minimum surface endurance was set at 7 years. The risks to human life and to critical systems increase exponentially over a minimally-resupplied, 7-10 year mission toMars. Our approach focused on identifying capabilities to mitigate known and unknown risks. Using a high-fidelity crew time model, we found that large architectures, with their economies of scale and productivity gains from specialization, are essential to robustly support the necessary capabilities. The model also shows that small 7-year missions of 12 persons or less cannot provide value in terms of free surface traverse time for science and exploration. Given the necessity of a large, complex architecture, we then sought out efficiencies and synergies (value engineering) in order to make the mission feasible and affordable. In the process, we identified more benefits that are enabled only by large missions, including the creation of a true community on Mars with sufficient social complexity for humans to thrive, and the geopolitically compelling option to inclu

关键词： Value engineering

Reconstructing Suspended Sediment Concentrations in the Mekong River Basin Via Semi-Supervised-Based Deep Neural Networks

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Nguyen, Thi-Thu-Ha Vu, Duc Quang Doan, Ngoc Phu Thi Khanh Chi, Huynh Li, Peixin Van Binh, Doan An, Yimeng Tuan Dung, Pham Hoang, Tuan A. Thai Son, Mai Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Climate Change Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Faculty of Environment School of Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Department of Computer Science and Information System Thai Nguyen University of Education Viet Nam School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen’s University Belfast United Kingdom College of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics China Master program in Water Technology Reuse and Management Faculty of Engineering Vietnamese-German University Binh Duong Province Ben Cat Town820000 Viet Nam

The Mekong River Basin (MRB) is one of the highest biodiversity areas in the world and is the vital source of livelihoods for more than 60 millions of people over six countries in Southeast Asia. However, it is suffering from a severe sediment starvation problem caused by climate change and human activities, particularly dam constructions. Understanding long-term sediment changes thus plays a crucial role for management and contingency plans. Current sediment concentration data in the MRB are extremely sporadic, making it a non-trivial task to analyze them. This paper focuses on the sediment reconstruction to provide long-term reliable suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data using Machine Learning (ML) perspectives. In particular, a novel semi-supervised ML model, which can effectively deal with data sparsity, is introduced to predict/reconstruct missing sediment data. The key idea of this approach is to exploit abundant available hydroclimate data to reduce training overfitting rather than solely relying on sediment concentration data, thus enhancing the accuracy of the employed ML models. Extensive experiments on data obtained from 1979 to 2019 at the three main stations (i.e., Chiang Saen, Nong Khai, and Mukdahan) are conducted to demonstrate the performances of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-art supervised techniques and traditional simulation methods commonly used in previous sediment forecasting/reconstruction studies. To the best of our knowledge, this approach is the first semi-supervised method to reconstruct sediment data in the field. Though this study focuses on the MRB, sediment sparsity is a very common problem in other river systems worldwide. Thus, this method can be widely applied for them for more effective sediment reconstruction/prediction in general. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biodiversity

Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass (vol 21, pg 561, 2020)

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NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2020年第7期10卷 696-697页

作者： Terrer, Cesar Jackson, Robert B. Prentice, I. Colin Keenan, Trevor F. Kaiser, Christina Vicca, Sara Fisher, Joshua B. Reich, Peter B. Stocker, Benjamin D. Hungate, Bruce A. Penuelas, Josep McCallum, Ian Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. Cernusak, Lucas A. Talhelm, Alan F. Van Sundert, Kevin Piao, Shilong Newton, Paul C. D. Hovenden, Mark J. Blumenthal, Dana M. Liu, Yi Y. Mueller, Christoph Winter, Klaus Field, Christopher B. Viechtbauer, Wolfgang Van Lissa, Caspar J. Hoosbeek, Marcel R. Watanabe, Makoto Koike, Takayoshi Leshyk, Victor O. Polley, H. Wayne Franklin, Oskar Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford USA Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Ecosystems Services and Management Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University Stanford USA AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot UK Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management UC Berkeley Berkeley USA Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley USA Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Faculty of Life Sciences University of Vienna Vienna Austria Evolution and Ecology Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems) Biology Department University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles USA Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St. Paul USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith Australia CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff USA Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff USA CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB Bellaterra Spain Environmental Biology Department Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Cairns

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Fluctuating risk of acute kidney injury-related mortality for four weeks after exposure to air pollution: A multi-country time-series study in 6 countries

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Environment International 2024年 183卷 108367页

作者： Min, Jieun Kang, Duk-Hee Kang, Cinoo Bell, Michelle L. Kim, Ho Yang, Juyeon Gasparrini, Antonio Lavigne, Eric Hashizume, Masahiro Kim, Yoonhee Fook Sheng Ng, Chris Honda, Yasushi das Neves Pereira da Silva, Susana Madureira, Joana Leon Guo, Yue Pan, Shih-Chun Armstrong, Ben Sera, Francesco Masselot, Pierre Schwartz, Joel Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Pyo Lee, Jung Al-Aly, Ziyad Won Lee, Jung Kwag, Youngrin Ha, Eunhee Lee, Whanhee Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Center Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Public Health Sciences Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Yale School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT United States Biostatistics Collaboration Unit Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Lab Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom School of Epidemiology & Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Global Environmental Health Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan Center for Climate Change Adaptation National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan Department of Epidemiology Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Lisbon Portugal EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto Porto Portugal Porto Portugal College of Medicine and NTU Hospital Taipei Taiwan National Institute of Environmental Health Science National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Statistics Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" University of Florence Florence Italy Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health BostonMA United States Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine Universi

Background: Recent studies have reported that air pollution is related to kidney diseases. However, the global evidence on the risk of death from acute kidney injury (AKI) owing to air pollution is limited. Therefore, we investigated the association between short-term exposure to air pollution—particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)—and AKI-related mortality using a multi-country dataset. Methods: This study included 41,379 AKI-related deaths in 136 locations in six countries during 1987–2018. A novel case time-series design was applied to each air pollutant during 0–28 lag days to estimate the association between air pollution and AKI-related deaths. Moreover, we calculated AKI deaths attributable to non-compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. Results: The relative risks (95% confidence interval) of AKI-related deaths are 1.052 (1.003, 1.103), 1.022 (0.994, 1.050), and 1.022 (0.982, 1.063) for 5, 10, and 10 µg/m3 increase in lag 0–28 days of PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2, respectively. The lag-distributed association showed that the risk appeared immediately on the day of exposure to air pollution, gradually decreased, and then increased again reaching the peak approximately 20 days after exposure to PM2.5 and O3. We also found that 1.9%, 6.3%, and 5.2% of AKI deaths were attributed to PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2 concentrations above the WHO guidelines. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that public health policies to reduce air pollution may alleviate the burden of death from AKI and suggests the need to investigate the several pathways between air pollution and AKI death. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Air quality

The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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