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Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference 2017, WEFTEC 2017

作者： Tseng, L.Y. Robinson, A.K. Xu, X. Southon, J. Rosso, D. Environmental Studies Program Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Colgate University HamiltonNY United States Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Irvine United States Dept. of Earth System Science University of California Irvine United States Dept. of Earth System Science University of California Irvine United States Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Irvine United States Water-Energy Nexus Center University of California Irvine United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510863682

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission accounting procedures published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assume that carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) in the treatment process is modern (or biogenic) thus is omitted. This assumption is applied to all types of industrial and municipal WRRFs. Using radiocarbon dating we confirmed that a combination of biogenic and fossil carbon enter municipal WRRFs. In addition, we found that the fossil carbon content varies with the type of industrial wastewater. The fossil content from the petrochemical refinery and the pulp/paper mill wastewater treatment plants set the boundary for the fossil carbon, with one containing almost exclusively fossil carbon and the other almost no fossil carbon, respectively. We also compared the fossil carbon content at different points of the WRRF with their GHG potential, calculated as CO2 equivalent from ideal combustion. The results showed that secondary sludge had the highest CO2 equivalent emission potential of up to 0.294 kg fossil CO2 equivalent m-3 wastewater treated. Our calculations showed that sludge-generated biogas and biosolids had little potential to produce direct GHG emission, thus digesting secondary sludge instead of disposal may reduce the overall fossil GHG emission. Our study showed that a municipal WRRF can contribute a fractional fossil emission which may increase the current IPCC WRRF GHG inventory up to 23%.

关键词： Greenhouse gases

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Evaluating Monetary-Based Benefit-Sharing as a Mechanism to Improve Local Human Development and its Importance for Impact Assessment of Hydropower Plants in Brazil

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Journal of environmental Assessment Policy and Management 2019年第1期21卷 1-42页

作者： Pulice, Sérgio Mantovani Paiva Branco, Evandro Albiach Gallardo, Amarilis Lucia Casteli Figueiredo Roquetti, Daniel Rondinelli Moretto, Evandro Mateus Earth System Science Center National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Brazil PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management University of São Paulo Av. dos Astronautas 1758-Jd. Granja São José dos Campos SP CEP 12227-010 Brazil Master's Program of Environmental Management and Sustainability University Nove de Julho (Uninove) Rua Vergueiro 235/249 Liberdade São Paulo SP 01504-000 Brazil Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Polytechnic School University of São Paulo (USP) Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2373 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Amazon Dams Network (AND) PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil School of Arts Sciences and Humanities PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil

Although hydropower companies and governments have promoted monetary-based Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms alone as a vector of local development for flooded municipalities, it is not possible to identify this evidence in the scientific literature. The present work investigates the quantitative influence of Financial Compensation on Human Development Indexes (HDI) in flooded municipalities over 2000-2010. The econometric analysis shows that there are no statistically significant results related to the quantities of Financial Compensation and the development variables. The findings reinforce that Financial Compensation itself could not be considered the only input to improve development processes. Management frameworks should be considered since they can provide a broader view of the affected areas, including elements such as participatory processes, adaptation management, formal and legal guidelines and stakeholder engagement. Specially in the Brazilian case, the Impact Assessment procedures and their products could provide detailed data and criteria to municipalities to manage the inflow resources. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd.

关键词： Benefit-sharing mechanisms development flooded municipalities hydropower

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Corrigendum: A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018 (2021 Environ. Res. Lett. 16 073005)

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environmental Research Letters 2022年第4期17卷 049502-049502页

作者： William F Lamb Thomas Wiedmann Julia Pongratz Robbie Andrew Monica Crippa Jos G J Olivier Dominik Wiedenhofer Giulio Mattioli Alaa Al Khourdajie Jo House Shonali Pachauri Maria Figueroa Yamina Saheb Raphael Slade Klaus Hubacek Laixiang Sun Suzana Kahn Ribeiro Smail Khennas Stephane de la Rue du Can Lazarus Chapungu Steven J Davis Igor Bashmakov Hancheng Dai Shobhakar Dhakal Xianchun Tan Yong Geng Baihe Gu Jan Minx Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Torgauer Straße 12–15 4 EUREF Campus #19 10829 Berlin Germany School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom Sustainability Assessment Program School of Civil and Environmental Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney Australia Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Bundesstrasse 53 20146 Hamburg Germany Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Luisenstrasse 37 80333 Munich Germany CICERO Center for International Climate Research Oslo Norway European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra VA Italy PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency Den Haag The Netherlands Institute of Social Ecology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Schottenfeldgasse 29 1070 Vienna Austria Department of Transport Planning TU Dortmund University August-Schmidt-Straße 10 44227 Dortmund Germany Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol University Road BS8 1SS Bristol United Kingdom International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Department of Management Society and Communication Copenhagen Business School Copenhagen Denmark Openexp 17 Bd Lefebvre 75015 Paris France Integrated Research for Energy Environment and Society University of Groningen 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States of America School of Finance and Management SOAS University of London WC1H 0XG London United Kingdom Institute of Blue and Green Development Weihai Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Shandong University Weihai 264209 People’s Republic of China Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—UFRJ) Transport Engineering Programme (Programa de Engenharia de Transportes—PET) COPPE-UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Energy

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Author Correction: Contribution of Ryugu-like material to Earth’s volatile inventory by Cu and Zn isotopic analysis

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Nature Astronomy 2023年 633页

作者： Marine Paquet Frederic Moynier Wei Dai Yan Hu Martin Bizzarro Marc Chaussidon Tetsuya Yokoyama Ikshu Gautam Makiko K. Haba Akira Ishikawa Yuki Masuda Yoshinari Abe Jérôme Aléon Conel M. O’D. Alexander Richard W. Carlson Larry Nittler Sachiko Amari Yuri Amelin Ken-ichi Bajo Noriyuki Kawasaki Sohei Wada Hisayoshi Yurimoto Audrey Bouvier Byeon-Gak Choi Nicolas Dauphas Andrew M. Davis Tommaso Di Rocco Andreas Pack Wataru Fujiya Ryota Fukai Tomohiro Usui Kanako Sakamoto Masanao Abe Akiko Miyazaki Aiko Nakato Masahiro Nishimura Tatsuaki Okada Toru Yada Kasumi Yogata Satoru Nakazawa Takanao Saiki Satoshi Tanaka Yuichi Tsuda Makoto Yoshikawa Yuki Hibiya Hiroshi Hidaka Sei-ichiro Watanabe Hisashi Homma Peter Hoppe Gary R. Huss Alexander N. Krot Kazuhide Nagashima Kiyohiro Ichida Shintaro Komatani Mayu Morita Morihiko Onose Tsuyoshi Iizuka Trevor R. Ireland Motoo Ito Takaaki Noguchi Shoichi Itoh Noriko T. Kita Kouki Kitajima Thorsten Kleine Ming-Chang Liu Kevin D. McKeegan Lauren Tafla Haolan Tang Edward D. Young Kazuko Motomura Izumi Nakai David Nesvorný Ann N. Nguyen Changkun Park Laurette Piani Liping Qin Sara S. Russell Naoya Sakamoto Maria Schönbächler Kentaro Terada Yasuko Terada Meenakshi Wadhwa Richard J. Walker Katsuyuki Yamashita Qing-Zhu Yin Shigekazu Yoneda Hiroharu Yui Ai-Cheng Zhang Tomoki Nakamura Hiroshi Naraoka Ryuji Okazaki Hikaru Yabuta Fuyuto Terui Shogo Tachibana Université Paris Cité Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris CNRS Paris France Centre for Star and Planet Formation GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Tokyo Japan Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie Sorbonne Université Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle CNRS UMR 7590 IRD Paris France Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC USA McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department Washington University St. Louis MO USA Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Natural History Sciences IIL Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Bayerisches Geoinstitut Universität Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany Department of Earth Science Education Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute The University of Chicago Chicago IL USA Faculty of Geosciences and Geography University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Mito Japan ISAS/JSEC JAXA Sagamihara Japan General Systems Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Earth and Planetary Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Osaka Application Laboratory SBUWDX Rigaku Corporation Osaka Japan Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA Analytical Technology Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd Kyoto Japan Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research JAMSTEC Kochi Japan Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Geoscience Universit

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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Author Correction: Stretchable, dynamic covalent polymers for soft, long-lived bioresorbable electronic stimulators designed to facilitate neuromuscular regeneration

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Nature communications 2021年第1期12卷 415页

作者： Yeon Sik Choi Yuan-Yu Hsueh Jahyun Koo Quansan Yang Raudel Avila Buwei Hu Zhaoqian Xie Geumbee Lee Zheng Ning Claire Liu Yameng Xu Young Joong Lee Weikang Zhao Jun Fang Yujun Deng Seung Min Lee Abraham Vázquez-Guardado Iwona Stepien Ying Yan Joseph W Song Chad Haney Yong Suk Oh Wentai Liu Hong-Joon Yoon Anthony Banks Matthew R MacEwan Guillermo A Ameer Wilson Z Ray Yonggang Huang Tao Xie Colin K Franz Song Li John A Rogers Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA. Querrey Simpson Institute for Biotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA. Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70456 Taiwan. International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70456 Taiwan. School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea. Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea. Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA. Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China. Department of Engineering Mechanics Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China. International Research Center for Computational Mechanics Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University 310027 Hangzhou China. Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong University 200240 Shanghai China. Center for Developmental Therapeutics Chemistry Life Processes Institute Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA. Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA. Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging Northwestern University Evanston IL

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Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts (Jul, 10.1038/s41559-021-01510-3, 2021)

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NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION 2021年第9期5卷 1319-1319页

作者： Shackelford, Nancy Paterno, Gustavo B. Winkler, Daniel E. Erickson, Todd E. Leger, Elizabeth A. Svejcar, Lauren N. Breed, Martin F. Faist, Akasha M. Harrison, Peter A. Curran, Michael F. Guo, Qinfeng Kirmer, Anita Law, Darin J. Mganga, Kevin Z. Munson, Seth M. Porensky, Lauren M. Quiroga, R. Emiliano Torok, Peter Wainwright, Claire E. Abdullahi, Ali Bahm, Matt A. Ballenger, Elizabeth A. Barger, Nichole Baughman, Owen W. Becker, Carina Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban Boyd, Chad S. Burton, Carla M. Burton, Philip J. Calleja, Eman Carrick, Peter J. Caruana, Alex Clements, Charlie D. Davies, Kirk W. Deak, Balazs Drake, Jessica Dullau, Sandra Eldridge, Joshua Espeland, Erin Farrell, Hannah L. Fick, Stephen E. Garbowski, Magda de la Riva, Enrique G. Golos, Peter J. Grey, Penelope A. Heydenrych, Barry Holmes, Patricia M. James, Jeremy J. Jonas-Bratten, Jayne Kiss, Reka Kramer, Andrea T. Larson, Julie E. Lorite, Juan Mayence, C. Ellery Merino-Martin, Luis Miglecz, Tamas Milton, Suanne Jane Monaco, Thomas A. Montalvo, Arlee M. Navarro-Cano, Jose A. Paschke, Mark W. Peri, Pablo Luis Pokorny, Monica L. Rinella, Matthew J. Saayman, Nelmarie Schantz, Merilynn C. Parkhurst, Tina Seabloom, Eric W. Stuble, Katharine L. Uselman, Shauna M. Valko, Orsolya Veblen, Kari Wilson, Scott Wong, Megan Xu, Zhiwei Suding, Katharine L. School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Restoration Ecology Research Group Technical University of Munich Freising Germany US Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Moab UT USA School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia Kings Park Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Western Australia Australia Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Reno NV USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center Burns OR USA College of Science and Engineering Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA USDA FS – Southern Research Station Research Triangle Park NC USA Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Planning Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Bernburg Germany School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Department of Agricultural Sciences South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya US Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff AZ USA US Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit Fort Collins CO USA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca Catamarca Argentina Cátedra de Manejo de Pastizales Naturales Facultad de Cienci

Restoration of degraded drylands is urgently needed to mitigate climate change, reverse desertification and secure livelihoods for the two billion people who live in these areas. Bold global targets have been set for dryland restoration to restore millions of hectares of degraded land. These targets have been questioned as overly ambitious, but without a global evaluation of successes and failures it is impossible to gauge feasibility. Here we examine restoration seeding outcomes across 174 sites on six continents, encompassing 594,065 observations of 671 plant species. Our findings suggest reasons for optimism. Seeding had a positive impact on species presence: in almost a third of all treatments, 100% of species seeded were growing at first monitoring. However, dryland restoration is risky: 17% of projects failed, with no establishment of any seeded species, and consistent declines were found in seeded species as projects matured. Across projects, higher seeding rates and larger seed sizes resulted in a greater probability of recruitment, with further influences on species success including site aridity, taxonomic identity and species life form. Our findings suggest that investigations examining these predictive factors will yield more effective and informed restoration decision-making.

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Author Correction: Advances and prospects for the Human BioMolecular Atlas program (HuBMAP)

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Nature cell biology 2024年第5期26卷 839页

作者： Sanjay Jain Liming Pei Jeffrey M Spraggins Michael Angelo James P Carson Nils Gehlenborg Fiona Ginty Joana P Gonçalves James S Hagood John W Hickey Neil L Kelleher Louise C Laurent Shin Lin Yiing Lin Huiping Liu Alexandra Naba Ernesto S Nakayasu Wei-Jun Qian Andrea Radtke Paul Robson Brent R Stockwell Raf Van de Plas Ioannis S Vlachos Mowei Zhou Katy Börner Michael P Snyder Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA. sanjayjain@wustl.edu. Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA. sanjayjain@wustl.edu. Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA. sanjayjain@wustl.edu. Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. lpei@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Mass Spectrometry Research Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA. jeff.spraggins@vanderbilt.edu. Department of Pathology Stanford School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. Texas Advanced Computing Center University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. GE Research Center Niskayuna NY USA. Department of Intelligent Systems Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands. Department of Pediatrics (Pulmonology) and Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Departments of Medicine Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Northwestern University Evanston IL USA. Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA. Division of Cardiology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA USA. Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA. Departments of Pharmacology Medicine (Hematology and Oncology) Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA. Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA. Biological Sciences Division

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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