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The potency of hydrothermally prepared sulfated silica (SO4/SiO2) as a heterogeneous acid catalyst for ethanol dehydration into diethyl ether

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期341卷

作者： Pratika, Remi Ayu Wijaya, Karna Utami, Maisari Mulijani, Sri Patah, Aep Alarifi, Saud Ram Mani, Ravishankar Kumar Yadav, Krishna Ravindran, Balasubramani Chung, Woo Jin Chang, Soon Woong Munusamy-Ramanujam, Ganesh Study Program of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Palangka Raya Palangka Raya Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta55584 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI University Cheras Taman Connaught Kuala Lumpur56000 Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional University Ratibad Bhopal462044 India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research Center Al-Ayen University Thi-Qar Nasiriyah 64001 Iraq Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology Institute of Biotechnology Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Thandalam Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine SRM-IST Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India

The dehydration of ethanol into diethyl ether over a SO4/SiO2 catalyst was investigated. The SO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the sulfation method using 1, 2, and 3 M of sulfuric acid (SS1, SS2, and SS3) via hydrothermal treatment. This study is focused on the synthesis of a SO4/SiO2 catalyst with high total acidity that can be subsequently utilized to convert ethanol into diethyl ether. The total acidity test revealed that the sulfation process increased the total acidity of SiO2. The SS2 catalyst (with 2 M sulfuric acid) displayed the highest total acidity of 7.77 mmol/g, whereas the SiO2 total acidity was only 0.11 mmol/g. Meanwhile, the SS3 catalyst (with 3 M sulfuric acid) has a lower total acidity of 7.09 mmol/g due to the distribution of sulfate groups on the surface having reached its optimum condition. The crystallinity and structure of the SS2 catalyst were not affected by the hydrothermal treatment or the sulfate process on silica. Furthermore, The SS2 catalyst characteristics in the presence of sulfate lead to a flaky surface in the morphology and non-uniform particle size. In addition, the surface area and pore volume of the SS2 catalyst decreased (482.56–172.26 m2/g) and (0.297–0.253 cc/g), respectively, because of the presence of sulfate on the silica surface. The SS2 catalyst's pore shape information explains the formation of non-uniform pore sizes and shapes. Finally, the activity and selectivity of SO4/SiO2 catalysts in the conversion of ethanol to diethyl ether yielded the highest ethanol conversion of 70.01% and diethyl ether product of 9.05% from the SS2 catalyst (the catalyst with the highest total acidity). Variations in temperature reaction conditions (175–225 °C) show an optimum reaction temperature to produce diethyl ether at 200 °C (11.36%). © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Silica

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Elemental Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matter for a Globally Distributed Monitoring Network: Methodology and Implications

ACS ES&T air

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ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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Evaluating Monetary-Based Benefit-Sharing as a Mechanism to Improve Local Human Development and its Importance for Impact Assessment of Hydropower Plants in Brazil

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Journal of environmental Assessment Policy and Management 2019年第1期21卷 1-42页

作者： Pulice, Sérgio Mantovani Paiva Branco, Evandro Albiach Gallardo, Amarilis Lucia Casteli Figueiredo Roquetti, Daniel Rondinelli Moretto, Evandro Mateus Earth System Science Center National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Brazil PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management University of São Paulo Av. dos Astronautas 1758-Jd. Granja São José dos Campos SP CEP 12227-010 Brazil Master's Program of Environmental Management and Sustainability University Nove de Julho (Uninove) Rua Vergueiro 235/249 Liberdade São Paulo SP 01504-000 Brazil Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Polytechnic School University of São Paulo (USP) Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2373 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo (IEE-USP) Amazon Dams Network (AND) PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil School of Arts Sciences and Humanities PLANGEA - Research Group for Environmental Planning and Management Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto 1289 Butantã São Paulo SP 05508-010 Brazil

Although hydropower companies and governments have promoted monetary-based Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms alone as a vector of local development for flooded municipalities, it is not possible to identify this evidence in the scientific literature. The present work investigates the quantitative influence of Financial Compensation on Human Development Indexes (HDI) in flooded municipalities over 2000-2010. The econometric analysis shows that there are no statistically significant results related to the quantities of Financial Compensation and the development variables. The findings reinforce that Financial Compensation itself could not be considered the only input to improve development processes. Management frameworks should be considered since they can provide a broader view of the affected areas, including elements such as participatory processes, adaptation management, formal and legal guidelines and stakeholder engagement. Specially in the Brazilian case, the Impact Assessment procedures and their products could provide detailed data and criteria to municipalities to manage the inflow resources. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Europe Ltd.

关键词： Benefit-sharing mechanisms development flooded municipalities hydropower

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Effect of adoption of electric vehicles on public health and air pollution in China: a modelling study

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2021年 5卷 S8-S8页

作者： Daniel E Horton Jordan L Schnell Daniel R Peters David C Wong Xi Lu Hao Gao Hongliang Zhang Patrick L Kinney Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute for Sustainability and Energy Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Systems Laboratory Boulder CO USA Program in Environmental Sciences Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Environmental Defense Fund Austin TX USA US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC USA School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing China Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA

Background Adoption of electric vehicles has the potential to reduce air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, hence China has implemented policies incentivising use of electric vehicles. However, much is unknown about the potential air quality and public health benefits of electric vehicles, including optimal vehicle type prioritisation and the vehicles' ability to reduce acute health impacts due to extreme air quality events. We aimed to assess the potential climate and acute public health benefits of use of electric vehicles during an extreme winter air pollution event. Methods In this modelling study, we used the Weather Research Forecast and Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling system air quality model to simulate the interplay between weather and atmospheric chemistry. We used this model to examine potential co-benefits of electric vehicle adoption during an extreme pollution episode in China. We simulated heavy-duty and light-duty electric vehicle adoption scenarios, in which 40% of the population adopted a heavy-duty or light-duty passenger electric vehicle, re-mapped battery power needs to energy generation facilities, and characterised differences in public health outcomes using China-specific concentration-response functions. Findings We found that widespread adoption of heavy-duty electric vehicles would reduces nitric oxide and fine particulate matter resulting in 562 (95% CI 410–723) fewer premature acute deaths than the non-electrified baseline scenario. However, widespread adoption of heavy-duty electric vehicles does not reduce carbon dioxide emissions without the addition of emission-free electricity generation. By contrast, widespread adoption of light-duty electric vehicles robustly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but results in lesser air quality improvements and fewer premature deaths avoided (145 [95% CI 38–333]) than the heavy-duty scenario. Economic effects of human health endpoints and carbon dioxide reductions for adoption of ligh

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ANTARCTICA AND THE SOUTHERN OCEAN

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2023年第9期104卷 S322-S365页

作者： Clem, Kyle R. Raphael, Marilyn N. School of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Earth Science Observation Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (ESOC/CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Earth and Environmental Science Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania Department of Meteorology University of Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2 Santiago Chile British Antarctic Survey Cambridge United Kingdom Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham Maryland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) DeBilt The Netherlands Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Department of Geography Ohio University Athens Ohio NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena California NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division Boulder Colorado University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado National Oceanography Centre Southampton United Kingdom. Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and Sciences Madison Area Technical College Madison Wisconsin Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Earth Science and Observation Center CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Colorado University of St. Andrews St Andrews United Kingdom Princeton University Princeton New Jersey Australian Antarctic Division Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP) and Australian Centre fo

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A Science of Actionable Knowledge Research Agenda: Drawing from a Review of the Most Misguided to the Most Enlightened Claims in the Science-Policy Interface Literature

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Jagannathan, Kripa Emmanuel, Geniffer Arnott, James Mach, Katharine J. Bamzai-Dodson, Aparna Goodrich, Kristen Meyer, Ryan Neff, Mark Sjostrom, K. Dana Timm, Kristin M.F. Turnhout, Esther Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle Bednarek, Angela T. Meadow, Alison Dewulf, Art Kirchhoff, Christine J. Moss, Richard H. Nichols, Leah Oldach, Eliza Lemos, Maria Carmen Klenk, Nicole Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Aspen Global Change Institute BasaltCO United States Department of Environmental Science and Policy Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami MiamiFL United States Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy University of Miami Coral GablesFL United States U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center Colorado United States Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Imperial BeachCA United States Center for Community and Citizen Science University of California Davis DavisCA United States College of the Environment Western Washington University BellinghamWA United States Memphis-Shelby County Division of Planning and Development MemphisTN United States School of Urban Affairs and Public Policy University of Memphis MemphisTN United States International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks FairbanksAK United States University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of Earth System Science The Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University StanfordCA United States The Pew Charitable Trusts WashingtonDC United States Office of Societal Impact University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Public Administration and Policy Group Wageningen University and Research Hollandseweg 1 Wageningen6706 KN Netherlands Law Policy and Engineering Program and Civil and Environmental Engineering Penn State University PA United States Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National Laboratory SeattleWA United States Institute for a Sustainable Earth George Mason University FairfaxVA United States Center for Environmental Policy & Behavior University of California Davis DavisCA United States School for Environment and Sustainability Univ

Linking science with action affords a prime opportunity to leverage greater societal impact from research and increase the use of evidence in decision-making. Success in these areas depends, critically, upon processes of producing and mobilizing knowledge, as well as supporting and making decisions. For decades, scholars have idealized and described these social processes in different ways, resulting in numerous assumptions that now variously guide engagement at the interface of science and society. We systematically catalog these assumptions based on prior research on the science-policy interface and further distill them into a set of 26 claims. We then elicit expert perspectives (n=16) about these claims to assess the extent to which they are accurate or merit further examination. Out of this process, we construct a research agenda to motivate future scientific research on actionable knowledge, prioritizing areas that experts identified as critical gaps in understanding of the science-society interface. The resulting agenda focuses on how to define success, support intermediaries, build trust, and evaluate the importance of consensus and its alternatives – all in the diverse contexts of science-society-decision-making interactions. We further raise questions about the centrality of knowledge in these interactions, discussing how a governance lens might be generative of efforts to support more equitable processes and outcomes. We offer these suggestions with hopes of furthering the science of actionable knowledge as a transdisciplinary area of inquiry. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Corrigendum to 'Air pollution and acute kidney injury with comorbid disease: A nationwide case-crossover study in South Korea' [Environ. Res. 260 (2024) 119608]

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environmental research 2024年 261卷 119681页

作者： Jieun Min Whanhee Lee Duk-Hee Kang Seoyeong Ahn Ayoung Kim Cinoo Kang Jongmin Oh Hyemin Jang Chor Ho Jo Jieun Oh Jinah Park Jeongmin Moon Sooyoung Kim Jungsil Lee Minho Kim Youngrin Kwag Eunhee Ha Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea. School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering Pusan National University Yangsan Republic of Korea. Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Ewha Medical Research Center Seoul Republic of Korea. Department of Public Health Science Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea. Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH) Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Human System Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea. Ewha Medical Research Center Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea. Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH) Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea. Information Department Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea. Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu Seoul Republic of Korea. Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH) Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea. Electronic address: eunheeha@ewha.ac.kr.

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Applications of engineered biochar in remediation of heavy metal(loid)s pollution from wastewater: Current perspectives toward sustainable development goals

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 926卷 171859页

作者： Tran, Thien-Khanh Huynh, Loan Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Nguyen, Minh-Ky Lin, Chitsan Hoang, Tuan-Dung Hung, Nguyen Tri Q. Nguyen, X. Hoan Chang, S. Woong Nguyen, D. Duc Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Faculty of Technology Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City76100 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan School of Chemistry and Life Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1 Dai Co Viet Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Vietnam National University Hanoi - School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts 144 Xuan Thuy Street Cau Giay District Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam

environmental pollution of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) caused adverse impacts, has become one of the emerging concerns and challenges worldwide. Metal(loid)s can pose significant threats to living organisms even when present in trace levels within environmental matrices. Extended exposure to these substances can lead to adverse health consequences in humans. Removing HM-contaminated water and moving toward sustainable development goals (SDGs) is critical. In this mission, biochar has recently gained attention in the environmental sector as a green and alternative material for wastewater removal. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the remediation of typical HMs by biochars, associated with an understanding of remediation mechanisms, and gives practical solutions for ecologically sustainable. Applying engineered biochar in various fields, especially with nanoscale biochar-aided wastewater treatment approaches, can eliminate hazardous metal(loid) contaminants, highlighting an environmentally friendly and low-cost method. Surface modification of engineered biochar with nanomaterials is a potential strategy that positively influences its sorption capacity to remove contaminants. The research findings highlighted the biochars' ability to adsorb HM ions based on increased specific surface area (SSA), heightened porosity, and forming inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-rich groups. Utilizing biochar modification emerged as a viable approach for addressing lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr) pollution in aqueous environments. Most biochars investigated demonstrated a removal efficiency >90 % (Cd, As, Hg) and can reach an impressive 99 % (Pb and Cr). Furthermore, biochar and advanced engineered applications are also considered alternative solutions based on the circular economy. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanostructured materials

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ANTARCTICA AND THE SOUTHERN OCEAN

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2022年第8期103卷 S312-S340页

作者： Clem, K. R. Raphael, M. N. School of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand Department of Geography University of California-Los Angeles Los Angeles California Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Earth Science and Observation Center CIRES University of Colorado Boulder Colorado Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton University Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton New Jersey and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado British Antarctic Survey Cambridge United Kingdom Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham Maryland and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) DeBilt Netherlands Department of Geography Ohio University Athens Ohio Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorodo Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California NOAA/OAR Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division and University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland Department of Physical Sciences School of Arts and Sciences Madison Area Technical College and Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and Princeton University Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton New Jersey Australian Antarctic Division Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP) and Austral

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean were dominated by below-average pressure and stronger than average circumpolar westerly winds through much of 2021, resulting in many new low-pressure records set across the continent. The low pressure that gripped the polar cap extended vertically through the troposphere and stratosphere and was accompanied by a persistently strong and stable polar vortex. This helped deliver the coldest winter on record to the South Pole (see Sidebar 6.1) and also helped maintain one of the longest-lived ozone holes on record (second only to the 2020 ozone hole), which did not close until 23 December. Despite the long duration of the ozone hole, its size and the minimum ozone concentrations did not reach exceptional levels, and its slow growth rate in 2021 is consistent with ongoing recovery trends. © 2022 American Meteorological Society.

关键词： Ozone

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The impact of climate change on global wheat production

The impact of climate change on global wheat production

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第七届国际作物科学大会

作者： S.Asseng P.Martre A.Maiorano R.P.Rtter G.O'Leary G.Fitzgerald C.Girousse M.A.Baber M.P.Reynolds A.M.S.Kheir P.J.Thorburn K.Waha A.C.Ruane P.K.Aggarwal M.Ahmed J.Balkovic B.Basso A.Berger C.Biernath M.Bindi D.Cammarano A.J.Challinor G.De Sanctis J.Doltra B.Dumont E.Eyshi Rezaei E.Fereres R.Ferrise M.Garcia-Vila S.Gayler G.Hoogenboom R.C.Izaurralde M.Jabloun C.D.Jones B.T.Kassie K.C.Kersebaum C.Klein A.K.Koehler B.Liu S.Minoli M.Montesino San Martin C.Muller S.Naresh Kumar C.Nendel J.E.Olesen T.Palosuo J.R.Porter E.Priesack D.Ripoche M.A.Semenov C.Stockle P.Stratonovitch T.Streck I.Supit F.Tao M.Van der Velde D.Wallach E.Wang H.Webber J.Wolf P.Woli Z.Zhang Y.Zhu F.Ewert Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department University of Florida UMR GDEC INRAUniversite Blaise Pascal World Food Crops Breeding(wheat & oat) 3105 McCarty Hall BDepartment of AgronomyIFASUniversity of Florida CIMMYT Int.Adpo D.F.Mexico CSIRO Agriculture Flagship CSIRO Queensland Biosci Precinct St Lucia CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food SecurityInternational Water Management Institute Biological Systems Engineering Washington State University Department of agronomy PMAS Arid Agriculture University Comenius University Faculty of Natural ScienceDepartment of Soil Science Department of Geological Sciences Michigan State University W.K.Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences(DISPAA) University of Florence Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Leeds CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food SecurityInternational Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES University of Bonn IAS-CSIC and University of Cordoba Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Texas A&M University Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research University of Copenhagen Department of Plant & Environmental Science Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture Indian Agricultural Research InstituteIARI PUSA University of Greenwich Natural Resources Institute INRA US1116 AgroClim Computational and Systems Biology Department Rothamsted Research Plant Production Systems & Earth System Science Wageningen University Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natu

The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project has shown that many wheat crop models can simulate grain yields and growth dynamics under a range of growing conditions,but simulation results often *** model uncertainties increase with higher temperatures and with combined increased temperature and CO,however,multi-model ensemble medians have proven with field observations to be a good predictor of observed data under various growing *** multi-model ensemble median simulations showed that global wheat production declines by 6% for each degree of global temperature *** simulated impact is similar to temperature impact assessments using statistical regression methods with aggregated farm *** on the temperature impact study,new simulations of increased temperature were combined with elevated CO and rainfall changes to assess their impact on yield and protein and included the possible role of genetic adaptations to climate change at local,regional and global scales.

关键词： Global foods security Climate change Adaptation Wheat

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