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Hospital Admission Risks and Excess Costs for Neurological Symptoms Attributable to Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in New York State, USA

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Min, Jieun Lee, Whanhee Bell, Michelle L. Kim, Yijun Heo, Seulkee Kim, Ga Eun Kim, Jee Hyun Yun, Ji Young Kim, Soo In Schwartz, Joel Ha, Eunhee Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering College of Information and Biomedical Engineering Pusan National University Yangsan Korea Republic of Yale School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Psychiatry Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Neurology Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Environmental Health Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health BostonMA United States Department of Medical Science Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Institute Seoul Korea Republic of

Background: Although emerging evidence suggests that PM2.5 is linked to neurological symptoms (NSs) via neuroinflammation, relevant studies are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the risks and excess costs of hospital admission for five NSs—fatigue, headache, dizziness, convulsion, and paralysis—attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 in New York State, ***: We analyzed the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative system (SPARCS) from 2010 to 2016. A Bayesian hierarchical model with integrated nested Laplace approximations was performed to estimate the risks and excess costs of hospital admission for NSs due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 at the county ***: A 1 µg/m3 increase in lag 0–1 years PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of headache and convulsion by 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) and 1.04 (1.01, 1.06), respectively. The excess hospital admission cost for five NSs attributable to lag 0–1 years PM2.5 above the new World Health Organization guideline (annual standard: 5 µg/m3) was $200.24 (95% CI: 6.00, 376.96) million during 2011–2016, recording the highest for convulsion ($153.73 [95% CI: 63.61, 244.19] million).Conclusions: This study provides quantitative estimates of risks and excess costs for NSs attributable to long-term PM2.5 and suggests that policies that reduce long-term PM2.5 concentration in accordance with the new WHO air quality guidelines can yield substantial health and economic benefits related to NSs in the New York State population. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Sequential Action-Based Dynamic Decision-Support Model for Urban Ecological Planning

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Ji Yeon Thorne, James H. Hyun, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution Team SK forest Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California One Shields Ave DavisCA95616 United States Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Decision-makers often encounter the challenge of efficient long-term ecological planning to consider economic and environmental trade-offs. However, tools to support stepwise mitigation strategies that account for dynamic ecological responses to continuing urban development are limited. Therefore, we developed a sequential action-based dynamic decision-making model to simulate stepwise mitigation measures in space over time using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focused on exploring the ecological corridors and habitat creation as mitigation measures through four decades to identify trade-offs and optimal plans that minimize landscape connectivity and edge density as ecological responses to urban development and minimize implementation costs per action. The results showed that adopting an initial low-investment strategy with sequential planning significantly enhanced potential ecological benefits beyond the 2000s compared with one-action planning. In contrast, the initial high-cost investment exhibited a gradual decline in the ecological benefits over time from 1995. The initial low-cost investment presented an opportunity to enhance ecological benefits by implementing early mitigation measures in locations capable of sustaining long-term ecological functions. The results suggest that sequential planning offers valuable insights into effective urban ecological planning by analyzing time-series data. This study enables step-by-step scenario testing, thereby supporting the facilitation of urban and regional sustainability planning. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Effective approaches to disaster evacuation during a COVID-like pandemic

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tsai, Yi-Lin Sitepu, Dymasius Y. Chappell, Karyn E. Mediratta, Rishi P. Wang, C. Jason Kitanidis, Peter K. Field, Christopher B. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Engineering Science National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Engineering Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Department of Health Policy Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University StanfordCA United States Bio-X Stanford University StanfordCA United States Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Biology Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Earth System Science Stanford University StanfordCA United States Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies Program Stanford University StanfordCA United States

Since COVID-19 vaccines became available, no studies have quantified how different disaster evacuation strategies can mitigate pandemic risks in shelters. Therefore, we applied an age-structured epidemiological model, known as the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, to investigate to what extent different vaccine uptake levels and the Diversion protocol implemented in Taiwan decrease infections and delay pandemic peak occurrences. Taiwan’s Diversion protocol involves diverting those in self-quarantine due to exposure, thus preventing them from mingling with the general public at a congregate shelter. The Diversion protocol, combined with sufficient vaccine uptake, can decrease the maximum number of infections and delay outbreaks relative to scenarios without such strategies. When the diversion of all exposed people is not possible, or vaccine uptake is insufficient, the Diversion protocol is still valuable. Furthermore, a group of evacuees that consists primarily of a young adult population tends to experience pandemic peak occurrences sooner and have up to 180% more infections than does a majority elderly group when the Diversion protocol is implemented. However, when the Diversion protocol is not enforced, the majority elderly group suffers from up to 20% more severe cases than the majority young adult group. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlements on Mars

Pale Red Dot: A Large, Robust Architecture for Human Settlem...

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Accelerating Space Commerce, Exploration, and New Discovery Conference, ASCEND 2023

作者： Lordos, George Hoying, Madelyn McKinney, Lanie Webb, Alisa Lin, Yuying Martin, Estelle Beilstein, John Miller, Duncan Villegas, David Sepulveda, Francisco AlSadah, Yousif Iyer, Divya O’Neill, Cormac Patel, Palak Garcia, Ignacio Arzuaga Azzouz, H. Chan, Wing Lam Eyre, Ezra Gleason, Dane Romero, Elizabeth Arias, Liliana Orozco, Omar Gentgen, Chloe Latyshev, Kir Hoffman, Jeffrey de Weck, Olivier Ikinci, Meltem Lordos, Alexandros Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program and MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States System Design and Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. E40-300 CambridgeMA02139 United States Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-409 CambridgeMA02139 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 37-219 CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass Ave. 33-410 CambridgeMA02139 United States Behavioral Economics University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Psychology University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (数字)9781624107054

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107054

We propose a ten-yearMars mission to establish Earth-independence and support efficient, safe, and sustainable science and exploration goals. The campaign begins with a series of precursor missions, starting with the Artemis program, followed by robotic missions to performsite surveys and selection, de-risk technologies, and to start stockpiling in-situ water and propellant. Robotic Cargo Starships would depart first in 2035 to deliver and deploy approximately 5,800 tons of habitats, nuclear microreactors, farmmodules, manufacturing and ISRU systems. In 2040, two Crew Starships carrying 36 persons would land onMars to establish two close-proximity villages. The lifecycle cost is estimated at $81 billion, with a peak annual cost of $6.6 billion. To meet RASC-AL competition requirements, intended to motivate the exploration of highly self-reliant architecture concepts, resupply from Earth was constrained to only 5 metric tons every two years and minimum surface endurance was set at 7 years. The risks to human life and to critical systems increase exponentially over a minimally-resupplied, 7-10 year mission toMars. Our approach focused on identifying capabilities to mitigate known and unknown risks. Using a high-fidelity crew time model, we found that large architectures, with their economies of scale and productivity gains from specialization, are essential to robustly support the necessary capabilities. The model also shows that small 7-year missions of 12 persons or less cannot provide value in terms of free surface traverse time for science and exploration. Given the necessity of a large, complex architecture, we then sought out efficiencies and synergies (value engineering) in order to make the mission feasible and affordable. In the process, we identified more benefits that are enabled only by large missions, including the creation of a true community on Mars with sufficient social complexity for humans to thrive, and the geopolitically compelling option to inclu

关键词： Value engineering

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Would the occurrence of a Maunder-like solar minimum reverse the observed climate change?

Evolving Earth

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Evolving Earth 2025年 3卷

作者： Marcio Cataldi Rafael Rangel Vitor Luiz Victalino Galves Sonia Jerez Juan Pedro Montávez Amar Halifa-Marín Luiz Landau Regional Atmospheric Modelling Group (MAR) Physics of the Earth Department of Physics Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Spain Climate System Monitoring and Modelling Laboratory (LAMMOC) Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal Fluminense University Brazil Laboratory of Computational Methods in Engineering (LAMCE) Civil Engineering Program Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study examines a scenario combining a prolonged solar minimum, like the historical Maunder Minimum, with the increased CO2 emissions characteristic of the industrial era. Two scenarios were developed in NCAR/CESM 2.0 implemented at LAMMOC/UFF to create simulations from 1850 to 2000, it contrasts differing radiative forcings from 1950 onward—one reflecting actual observed changes, including rising CO2 levels, and the other simulating a decrease in solar output like that during the Maunder Minimum but with continued CO2 growth. The results were validated against ERA5 data and 20th-century reanalysis. By calculating meridional averages at 30-degree latitude intervals, distinct regional impacts of the Maunder Minimum were identified. Notably the simulated Maunder Minimum reduced global warming by and even mitigated 70 % in HS in the last decade of the 20th century. However, this attenuation was lower in the HN, especially in the 30–60N region where no attenuation was observed.

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Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Adverse Birth Outcomes: Results from the Korean Children's environmental Health Study (Ko-Chens)

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Oh, Jongmin Shah, Surabhi Lee, Kyung A. Park, Eunkyo Lee, Dong-Wook Hong, Yun-Chul Song, Sanghwan Kim, Sung Yeon Park, Huibyeol Ha, Eunhee Kim, Suejin Park, Choonghee Song, Sanghwan Lee, Jueun Park, Huibyeol Jo, JungHeum Jung, A-Ra Yu, Seung Do Kim, Hyun Jeong Jung, Soon-Won Hong, Sooyeon Seo, Heung Won Hwang, Namkyoung Kang, Tack Shin Jeong, Dong Jin Lee, Seungjune Kim, Hwan-Cheol Jeong, Kyoung Sook Kim, Byungmi Lee, Seulbi Kim, Hyesook Kook, Hoon Baek, Hee Jo Moon, Jai Dong Park, Won Ju Shin, Myung-Geun Ha, Mina Paik, Ki-Chung Kwon, Ho-Jang Lim, Myung-Ho Yoo, Seung Jin Bae, Sanghyuk Kim, Jin Kyung Bae, Jisuk Hong, Young-Seoub Kim, Yu-Mi Son, Hyunjin Park, Mi-Hye Lim, Dae Hyun Kim, Jeong Hee Hong, Sung-Chul Lee, Keun Hwa Kim, Su-Young Kim, Woo Jin Na, Sunghun Lim, Myoung-Nam Yoo, Young Song, Dae Jin Lee, Jue Seong Yoon, Wonsuck Choe, Seung-Ah Kim, Seunghyun Choung, Ji Tae Kim, Sukyung Kim, Jihyun Ahn, Kangmo Hong, Yun-Chul Choi, Baek-Yong Ryoo, Seung-Woo Son, Seok-Yoon Lee, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Dong-Wook Woo, KuckHyeun Yoon, Seong Yong Hur, Jongil Choi, Kyung-Hwa Park, Myung-Sook Lee, Seung-Hwa Chu, Yeonhee Kim, Jung-Ah Kim, Yangho Lee, Jiho Sim, Chang Sun Kim, A. Ram Oh, Inbo Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Human Systems Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Hospital Inha University Incheon Korea Republic of Institute of Environmental Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Ewha Medical Research Institute College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division Department of Environmental Health Research National Institute of Environmental Research Ministry of Environment Incheon Korea Republic of Environmental Health Policy Division Office of Environmental Health Ministry of Environment Sejong Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju College of Medicine Yonsei University Wonju Korea Republic of Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Control Institute National Cancer Center Goyang Korea Republic of Department of Big Data Strategy National Health Insurance Service Wonju Korea Republic of Department of Food and Nutrition Wonkwang University Iksan Korea Republic of Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer Department of Pediatrics Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital Hwasun Korea Republic of Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer Department of Occupational and

Objectives Although previous epidemiological studies have reported the effects of fetal exposure to phthalates and phenols on birth outcomes, evidence is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals [EDCs;phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA)] is associated with birth outcomes and whether there are sex-specific *** We used data from the Korean CHildren’s environmental health Study (Ko-CHENS) cohort. Exposure to phthalates and BPA was measured by urine tests, and the information on outcomes and confounders was obtained from delivery records, biomarker assessment, and a self-reported questionnaire. We performed multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between exposure to individual EDCs and each birth outcome. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of EDC mixture exposure, we performed weighted quantile sum regression analysis. Subgroup analysis stratified by maternal age and sex at birth was performed to examine potential differences in *** This study included 2,176 mother-child pairs from the Ko-CHENS. We observed a significant association between the risk of PTB and exposure to BPA during early pregnancy and mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) during late pregnancy, with odds ratios of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.62), respectively. Additionally, there was a positive association between exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy and the risk of LBW (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89). For male infants, exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy was associated with the risk of LBW (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.15), and exposure to MCOP during late pregnancy was associated with the risk of PTB (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.02).Conclusions This study presents quantitative evidence for the association between prenatal exposure to EDCs, especially BPA and MCOP, and PTB/LBW. Moreover, the effect was particularly pronounced for older mothers (≥35 years) an

关键词： Obstetrics

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Evaluation of GOFP over four forest plots using RAMI and UAV measurements

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1433-1451页

作者： Jun Geng Qian Zhang Feng Qiu J.M.Chen Yongguang Zhang Weiliang Fan Lili Tu Jianwei Huang Shaoteng Wang Lichen Xu Jinchao Li School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiPeople’s Republic of China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry JenaGermany Key Laboratory of Information Perception and Systems for Public Security of MIIT Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoCanada School of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang A&F UniversityLinanPeople’s Republic of China School of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiPeople’s Republic of China

Comparison and validation of canopy reflectance(CR)models are two important steps to ensure their *** forest plantations are an ideal type of forest for validating CR models because of their simple background and the low variance in the crown structures which are usually assumed to be identical in most CR models.A Geometric Optical Model for Forest Plantations(GOFP)was compared using dataset in two radiation transfer model intercomparison exercise(RAMI)stands and validated using in situ dataset of detailed optical and structural data of two forest plantations in the Saihanba Forestry Center,*** results show that(1)the tree distributions in stands described by the hypergeometric model in GOFP show good consistencies with the dataset in the two RAMI stands and measurements from the two Saihanba forest stands;and(2)the CRs simulated with GOFP are also compared well in the two RAMI stands and validated with measurements collected with unmanned aerial vehicles in the two Saihanba *** shows a better consistency with the CR measurements than those from CR models for natual forestsbecause the tree distribution in forest plantations is described more reasonably in GOFP.

关键词： Validation forest plantation GOFP tree distribution BRF hypergeometric model

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Hybrid Particle Swarm and Conjugate Gradient Optimization in Neural Network for Prediction of Suspended Particulate Matter 4

Hybrid Particle Swarm and Conjugate Gradient Optimization in...

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4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information system, ICENIS 2019

作者： Warsito, Budi Prahutama, Alan Yasin, Hasbi Sumiyati, Sri Department of Statistics Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Master Program of Information System School of Postgraduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

The scope of this research is the use of artificial neural network models and meta-heuristic optimization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the prediction of ambient air pollution parameter data at air quality monitoring stations in the city of Semarang, Central Java. The observed parameter is an indicator of ambient air quality, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). Based on air quality parameter data in previous times which is a time series data, modeling is done using Neural Networks (NN). Estimation of weights from NN is done using a hybrid method between meta-heuristic and gradient optimization. The meta-heuristic optimization method used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) while the gradient based method is the Conjugate Gradient. Optimization with PSO is done first, then proceed with optimization using the Conjugate Gradient. Four scenarios of iteration selection at the PSO stage are 10, 25, 50 and 100. At the Conjugate Gradient, stage iteration is carried out up to 1000 epohs. The predicted results were compared with the PSOs and Conjugate Gradient respectively. The results show that the hybrid method provides better predictions. The number of iterations needed at the PSO stage is not too much so it is efficient in combining the two methods. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2019.

关键词： Forecasting

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Fluctuating risk of acute kidney injury-related mortality for four weeks after exposure to air pollution: A multi-country time-series study in 6 countries

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Environment International 2024年 183卷 108367页

作者： Min, Jieun Kang, Duk-Hee Kang, Cinoo Bell, Michelle L. Kim, Ho Yang, Juyeon Gasparrini, Antonio Lavigne, Eric Hashizume, Masahiro Kim, Yoonhee Fook Sheng Ng, Chris Honda, Yasushi das Neves Pereira da Silva, Susana Madureira, Joana Leon Guo, Yue Pan, Shih-Chun Armstrong, Ben Sera, Francesco Masselot, Pierre Schwartz, Joel Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Pyo Lee, Jung Al-Aly, Ziyad Won Lee, Jung Kwag, Youngrin Ha, Eunhee Lee, Whanhee Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Ewha Medical Research Center Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Public Health Sciences Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Yale School of the Environment Yale University New HavenCT United States Biostatistics Collaboration Unit Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Lab Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom School of Epidemiology & Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Global Environmental Health Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan Center for Climate Change Adaptation National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan Department of Epidemiology Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Lisbon Portugal EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto Porto Portugal Porto Portugal College of Medicine and NTU Hospital Taipei Taiwan National Institute of Environmental Health Science National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan Department of Public Health Environments and Society London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Statistics Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" University of Florence Florence Italy Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health BostonMA United States Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine Universi

Background: Recent studies have reported that air pollution is related to kidney diseases. However, the global evidence on the risk of death from acute kidney injury (AKI) owing to air pollution is limited. Therefore, we investigated the association between short-term exposure to air pollution—particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)—and AKI-related mortality using a multi-country dataset. Methods: This study included 41,379 AKI-related deaths in 136 locations in six countries during 1987–2018. A novel case time-series design was applied to each air pollutant during 0–28 lag days to estimate the association between air pollution and AKI-related deaths. Moreover, we calculated AKI deaths attributable to non-compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. Results: The relative risks (95% confidence interval) of AKI-related deaths are 1.052 (1.003, 1.103), 1.022 (0.994, 1.050), and 1.022 (0.982, 1.063) for 5, 10, and 10 µg/m3 increase in lag 0–28 days of PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2, respectively. The lag-distributed association showed that the risk appeared immediately on the day of exposure to air pollution, gradually decreased, and then increased again reaching the peak approximately 20 days after exposure to PM2.5 and O3. We also found that 1.9%, 6.3%, and 5.2% of AKI deaths were attributed to PM2.5, warm-season O3, and NO2 concentrations above the WHO guidelines. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that public health policies to reduce air pollution may alleviate the burden of death from AKI and suggests the need to investigate the several pathways between air pollution and AKI death. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Air quality

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Spatiotemporal changes in land cover land use in protected areas of Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

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environmental Challenges 2021年 4卷

作者： da Silva, Ismael Aparecido Dupas, Francisco Antonio Costa, Carlos Wilmer Medeiros, Grasiela de Oliveira Rodrigues de Souza, Alessandra Ribeiro Graduate Program in Energy Engineering Federal University of Itajubá Itajubá Minas Gerais Brazil Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of São Carlos São Paulo Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Earth System Science Center National Institute of Spacial Research São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil

An assessment of the dynamics of land cover and use in and around a Protected Area (PA) located in the Área de Preservação Ambiental da Serra da Mantiqueira (APASM;Mantiqueira Mountain Range environmental Protection Area) and Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI;Itatiaia National Park) has been developed. This PA is part of the Brazilian Mata Atlântica (MA;Atlantic Forest) biome, which is of great importance in providing water resources and in biodiversity maintenance since it is one of the largest and most populated urban centers in Brazil. In two contiguous drainage basins, with an area of 24,757.65 hectares (ha), proposals have been sought that lead to monitoring of forests pressured by anthropic actions that have as an inductor vehicle the roads built around the PA. Results obtained by Remote Sensing (RS) data show that pasture areas have grown 43% between 1985 and 2005 and forest areas have declined 20% in the same period. However, between 2005 and 2017, there was a 22% decline in pasture area and rehabilitation in forest areas by 26%. Urban spots have steadily grown by nearly 120% between 1985 and 2017. In a Geographic Information system (GIS) environment and using multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with a weighted sum to environmental attributes of roads and urban spots, it has also been verified that 85% of the study area is under high or very high pressure, which can jeopardize the maintenance of biodiversity and water resources in the region due to population increase induced by secondary roads and their paving, which moves towards the PNI limits. © 2021

关键词： Atlantic forest GIS National park Park road Remote sensing Territorial dynamics

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