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2015 122nd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Krause, Stephen J. Baker, Dale R. Carberry, Adam R. Alford, Terry L. Ankeny, Casey Jane Brooks, Bill Jay Koretsky, Milo Gibbons, Brady J. Arizona State University Materials Science Program Fulton School of Engineering United States Arizona State University School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering United States Oregon State University School of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering United States Oregon State University Department of Chemical Engineering United States Oregon State University United States

Two-way formative feedback has been used extensively in the JTF (Just-in-Time-Teaching with Frequent Formative Feedback) project to help instructors understand student thinking and respond with directed feedback and creation of web-enabled student learning resources. When students respond to an open-ended question about issues on content and concepts in a class (e.g. Muddiest Points) their anonymous responses extend beyond the boundaries of the framework an instructor uses to organize, communicate, assess and evaluate their knowledge and understanding. So, if there are hidden issues that impede student learning, such as misconceptions, skill gaps (like charting), difficult concepts, vocabulary ambiguities, etc., the instructor may never become aware of them. In formative feedback students' needs and issues are the defining framework of learning issues, impediments, and barriers that an instructor can address for more effective teaching. Thus, students are empowered to play a role in their learning when they provide input about their instruction. Instructors in the JTF project have created a variety of web-enabled tools and resources to address issues revealed by student feedback acquired by using Concept Warehouse or Blackboard survey tools. One tool is "pencasts" in which a smart pen captures a person's writing and/or drawing on a notepad along with audio input to make a "pencast" recording as an audio PDF. These tutorial problem pencasts have been made into videos for the YouTube on the channel MSEASUproblems. Another popular student resource is Muddiest Point YouTube videos at ***/user/MaterialsConcepts. Another resource is at ***, a web-enabled illustrated vocabulary resource at http://***/MatSciASU. A final resource is ***, a public web site to which slide sets can be uploaded, with an example at http://***/mseasuslides. The use of these and other resources, such as textbooks, class notes, course slide sets,

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Plastics in the marine environment

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environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2014年第1期33卷 5-10页

作者： Koelmans, Albert A. Gouin, Todd Thompson, Richard Wallace, Nancy Arthur, Courtney Wageningen Netherlands Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre Sharnbrook Bedford United Kingdom Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre School of Marine Science and Engineering Plymouth University Plymouth United Kingdom Marine Debris Program National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring MD United States I.M. Systems Group Rockville MD United States Marine Debris Program National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring MD United States

The authors discuss the risks associated with the presence of plastic in the marine environment and its affect on marine populations and ecosystem. They discussed topics including lack of standardization associated with the quantification of plastics in the environment, impact of plastic debris on marine population. and plastics as a vector for persistent bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemical. The authors further discuss toxicological implications of microplastic particle ingestion.

关键词： PLASTICS -- environmental aspects PLASTICS PLASTIC scrap MARINE ecology PERSISTENT pollutants -- environmental aspects SAFETY measures

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Effect of Skeletonization on Energy Consumption of Water Distribution System

Effect of Skeletonization on Energy Consumption of Water Dis...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2023: Adaptive Planning and Design in an Age of Risk and Uncertainty

作者： Pasha, M. Fayzul K. Perez, Luis Weathers, Matthew Smith, Brennan Dept. of Civil and Geomatics Engineering California State Univ FresnoCA United States Water Power Program and Energy-Water Resource Systems Group Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484852

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484852

A skeletonized water distribution system (WDS) model plays an important role in decision making process for its design and operations in planning phase. Given energy is the main driving force to operate a WDS efficiently and with the recent hikes in energy price, the investigation of energy flow in WDS is much more important than ever before. While a skeletonized network is easy to handle and takes less amount of time to run, it should represent the real-world scenario including the demand and hydraulics as accurately as possible. Failure to represent real-world scenario can mislead design and operational decisions including energy consumptions and delivery pressure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the energy flow in a WDS varies with the extent of the skeletonized network. Keeping the total demand constant for a network and the spatial distribution of the demand within a range in the skeletonized networks, how the energy consumption at the pump station, energy loss in the pipe, and the energy storage in the tank vary with the size of the skeletonized networks are investigated in this study. Energy balance model has been set up for each skeletonized model to observe the impact on energy flow for a series of models. Since the number of pipes and nodes can impact hydraulics, which eventually impact the energy flow, the paper considers two types of networks: branch and loop water distribution systems. The study has been applied to two hypothetical literature networks. Due to skeletonization, the flow pattern in the loop system changes more than that in the branch system causing higher percentage change of frictional energy loss in the loop system. The energy consumption or loss per unit demand per node in the skeletonized networks is found almost linear for the branch system. However, this parameter changes non-linearly in the skeletonized networks for the loop system. © World environmental and Water Resources Congress *** rights reserved

关键词： Energy utilization

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Analytic modeling and experiments of tri-layer, electro-thermal actuators for thin and soft robotics

Analytic modeling and experiments of tri-layer, electro-ther...

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2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, ICRA 2017

作者： Tibi, Gal Sachyani, Ela Layani, Michael Magdassi, Shlomo Degani, Amir Technion's Autonomous Systems Program Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200063 Israel Casali Center Institute of Chemistry Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem91904 Israel Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200063 Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781509046331

By bonding micron-thin polymer layers with an electrically conductive layer, we can utilize the bi-metal effect to create a soft, thin, electrically-activated thermal actuator (ETA), which can be used in printed soft robots. Using ETAs have shown quite remarkable potential in previous works. However, to reveal their true capabilities, we propose to utilize a multi-layered ETA. In this research, we analytically model the actuator for both the bi-, and more importantly, tri-layer ETAs and analyze their behavior. We develop a simple intuitive model to better explain the benefits of the tri-layer actuation and to estimate the optimal design parameters. We verify the models by conducting an experiment to measure the curvature change for different third layer thicknesses. The experiments show a significant improvement in performance of the tri-layer actuators and display a good fit between the simplified analytic model and the full model. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Actuators

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Decision analysis frameworks for life-cycle impact assessment

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Journal of Industrial Ecology 2001年第4期5卷 45-68页

作者： Seppälä, Jyri Basson, Lauren Norris, Gregory A. Environ-mental Technology Program Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland Centre for Risk Environment Systems Technology and Analysis (CRESTA) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Sylvatica North Berwick ME United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program Harvard University School of Public Health Boston MA United States Complex Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham NH United States Finnish Environment Institute SF-00251 Helsinki Kesäkatu 6 Finland

Life-cycle impact assessments (LCIAs) are complex because they almost always involve uncertain consequences relative to multiple criteria. Several authors have noticed that this is precisely the sort of problem addressed by methods of decision analysis. Despite several experiences of using multiple-attribute decision analysis (MADA) methods in LCIA, the possibilities of MADA methods in LCIA are rather poorly elaborated in the field of life-cycle assessment. In this article we provide an overview of the commonly used MADA methods and discuss LCIA in relation to them. The article also presents how different frames and tools developed by the MADA community can be applied in conducting LCIAs. Although the exact framing of LCIA using decision analysis still merits debate, we show that the similarities between generic decision analysis steps and their LCIA counterparts are clear. Structuring of an assessment problem according to a value tree offers a basis for the definition of impact categories and classification. Value trees can thus be used to ensure that all relevant impact categories and interventions are taken into account in the appropriate manner. The similarities between multiattribute value theory (MAVT) and the current calculation rule applied in LCIA mean that techniques, knowledge, and experiences derived from MAVT can be applied to LCIA. For example, MAVT offers a general solution for the calculation of overall impact values and it can be applied to help discern sound from unsound approaches to value measurement, normalization, weighting, and aggregation in the LCIA model. In addition, the MAVT framework can assist in the methodological development of LCIA because of its well-established theoretical foundation. The relationship between MAVT and the current LCIA methodology does not preclude application of other MADA methods in the context of LCIA. A need exists to analyze the weaknesses and the strengths of different multiple-criteria decision analysis metho

关键词： Decision analysis Life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) Methods Multiple attribute Multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) Normalization

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Development of a Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansions Method for Parameter Uncertainty Analysis

Development of a Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansions Method f...

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作者： C X Wang J Liu Y P Li J Zhao X M Kong College of Fundamental Research Beijing Polytechnic School of Environmental Science and Engineering Xiamen University of Technology School of Environmental Beijing Normal University Research Scientist Environmental Systems Engineering ProgramFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of Regina

Incorporating uncertainty assessment into hydrological simulation is of vital significance for providing valuable information for conserving and restoring the ecology environment in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, a sparse polynomial chaos expansions method was developed to quantify hydrological model parameter uncertainties on model performance in Kaidu river basin, China. A four dimension two order polynomial chaos expansions model was built and the effect of four parameters were quantified based on the coefficients of the polynomial chaos expansions model. Results indicated that precipitation in summer has more significant influence on model output than that in other seasons. High Sobol sensitivity indices values（0.22 in spring, 0.17 in summer, 0.21 in autumn and 0.29） for the interaction of precipitation and maximum capacity for fast store demonstrate that they are the major factors affecting runoff generation. These results can help reveal the flow processes and provide valuable information for water resources management.

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Steerable Burrowing Robot: Design, Modeling and Experiments

Steerable Burrowing Robot: Design, Modeling and Experiments

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Moran Barenboim Amir Degani Technion Autonomous Systems Program Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa ISRAEL Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and with the Technion Autonomous Systems Program Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa ISRAEL

ISBN: (数字)9781728173955

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173962

This paper investigates a burrowing robot that can maneuver and steer while being submerged in a granular medium. The robot locomotes using an internal vibro-impact mechanism and steers using a rotating bevel-tip head. We formulate and investigate a non-holonomic model for the steering mechanism and a hybrid dynamics model for the thrusting mechanism. We perform a numerical analysis of the dynamics of the robot's thrusting mechanism using a simplified, orientation and depth dependent model for the drag forces acting on the robot. We first show, in simulation, that by carefully tuning various control input parameters, the thrusting mechanism can drive the robot both forward and backward. We present several experiments designed to evaluate and verify the simulative results using a proof-of-concept robot. We show that different input amplitudes indeed affect the direction of motion, as suggested by the simulation. We further demonstrate the ability of the robot to perform a simple S-shaped trajectory. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the robot's design and fidelity of the model.

关键词： Robot kinematics Needles Numerical models Solid modeling Trajectory Springs

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Automated buoyancy control system for a remotely operated underwater crawler

Automated buoyancy control system for a remotely operated un...

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OCEANS - Europe

作者： Stephen L. Wood Arne Hendricks Michael Corbet Department Head of the Department of Marine and Environmental Systems Ocean Engineering program chair at Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne FL USA Ocean Engineering Florida Institute of Technology Ocean Engineering-Department of Marine and Environmental Systems Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida

Buoyancy systems are used in submarines and various submersible equipment such as ARGO floats but are rarely incorporated in Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). This paper presents a system for automated lifting and buoyancy control for a remotely operated sea crawler. This system, consisting of hydraulic, electric and control subsystems, allows the operator to navigate the vehicle to any desired depth. The Automated Buoyancy Control System (ABCS) controls the amount of air within each chamber supplied by compressed air cylinders. To control the ascent/descent, air valves are regulated by a control system consisting of sensors and microcontrollers.

关键词： Buoyancy Mathematical model Force Control systems Vehicles Oceans

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2021

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2021

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2021: Planning a Resilient Future along America's Freshwaters

作者： Pasha, M. Fayzul K. Lundeen, Alex Weathers, Matthew Smith, Brennan Dept. of Civil and Geomatics Engineering California State Univ. FresnoCA United States Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Water Power Program and Energy-Water Resource Systems Group Oak RidgeTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784483466

Given the extent of a water distribution system (WDS) and its complexity and dependency on energy, it is important to observe, understand, and quantify the impact of WDS hydraulics on its energy consumption and energy flow. This observation will help to develop comprehensive knowledge in WDS energy management, which will eventually help WDS design and operation. This study observes the impacts of WDS model reduction on WDS hydraulics and hence on energy flow. Adding or removing a node can increase or decrease the number of pipes, and hence it changes the flow pattern and non-linear hydraulics of the system. This study ventures to answer the question how much change in system reduction can cause what amount of change in the system hydraulics and energy flow. The study developed a series of reduced models by removing nodes and observed the impacts of model reduction on system hydraulics and energy flow. Energy balance models have been set up for each of the reduced models separately to accomplish this goal. Results show that the total inflow energy and total outflow energy separately remain the same or fluctuate very minimally for all the reduced models. As the model reduces its size, the pumping energy also decreases but not significantly. However, as the model reduces its size, the pipe friction energy increases significantly compared to the pumping energy as the system average velocity increases even after the total length of the pipe is reduced. In this study, from the original model to the final reduced model, the system average velocity and friction loss increase by 54% and 95%, respectively. © ASCE.

关键词： Hydraulics

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Analyzing climate-optimized designs for habitat for humanity

Analyzing climate-optimized designs for habitat for humanity

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ASME International Solar Energy Conference - Solar engineering 2006

作者： Givler, Todd Christensen, Craig Brandemuehl, Michael Building Systems Program University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO 80309 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden CO 80401-3393 Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder 428 UCB Boulder CO 80309-0428

ISBN: (纸本)089553178X

This study used the BEopt (Building Energy Optimization) software to simulate multiple energy efficiency measures and evaluate their combined effect on a standard Habitat for Humanity building design in four climates. Habitat is an international non-profit organization that works to provide suitable housing for low-income families. BEopt runs DOE2 and TRNSYS in a series of building simulations to find cost-optimal building designs that achieve various levels of energy savings. Optimizations for Habitat housing resulted in a cost optimal curve for each climate. Also plotted with these curves is a point representing the local Habitat affiliate standard construction practice. This point designates an energy savings level and an energy-related cost for that particular design. However, the BEopt optimal curve for HFH identifies other designs that save more energy and at a lower monthly cost than the affiliate current design. Recommendations for each climate are based on the point along the optimization curve where the monthly energy-related costs reached an absolute minimum. These recommendations identify the components to be included in the optimal design, as well as variations that lead to alternate designs that achieve essentially the same energy savings and costs.

关键词： Structural design

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