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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2014

作者： Aqlan, Faisal Lam, Sarah S. Ramakrishnan, Sreekanth Testani, Michael Industrial and System Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New Haven West HavenCT06516 United States Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States IBM Corporation WalthamMA02451 United States IBM Corporation EndicottNY13760 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762430

This paper presents a workplace ergonomic study in a high-end server manufacturing environment to assess ergonomics risks and enhance the Lean transformation. Operators perform heavy and repetitive lifting and movement of products could place stress on their back and upper extremities. Forceful exertions to move a manual forklift in the workplace area could lead to fatigue and possible damage to muscles and other tissues. The objective of this study is to reduce ergonomics risks to an acceptable level and provide operators with the right tools and proper work environment. Digital human modeling based on the Jack software, is used for risk assessment. Results are analyzed to provide proper solutions. Ergonomic risks assessed include: force and posture risks, noise, vibration, temperature, and illumination. Lean process is implemented in the workplace to reduce the Lean wastes that include waiting time, transportation, and non-value-add processes. Ergonomic improvements are introduced to complement and support the Lean process implementation. Three main ergonomic risks are found to be high and could affect the operators: energy expenditure, posture, and back force. Several modifications are implemented to reduce these risks: the manual forklift is replaced with an automated forklift that is easy to move and requires less human effort, the workplace area is expanded to provide more work space, and the operators are provided with proper tools to perform the task without risk.

关键词： Manufacture

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Integrating lean and ergonomics to improve internal transportation in a manufacturing environment

Integrating lean and ergonomics to improve internal transpor...

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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2014

作者： Aqlan, Faisal Lam, Sarah S. Ramakrishnan, Sreekanth Boldrin, Warren Industrial and System Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New Haven West HavenCT06516 United States Department Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States IBM Corporation WalthamMA02451 United States IBM Corporation PoughkeepsieNY12601 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762430

This paper presents a study that integrates lean manufacturing and ergonomic principles to redesign and improve the internal transportation process in a high-end server manufacturing environment. Transportation of electronic parts within the factories is an important issue. The current transportation carts present quality hazards to electronic parts and they were not designed to handle the right dimensions and quantities of the newly introduced products. Furthermore, the current flow of carts introduces waiting time for the carts in the assembly areas. Inefficient transportation not only increases the waiting times but also the transportation costs. The objective of this study is to improve the transportation process and redesign transportation carts that are currently used to transport parts between different areas in a high-end server manufacturing environment utilizing lean and ergonomic principles. A new lean-based flow of transportation carts is proposed to reduce the waiting time and transported distance by having separate carts for each area. The new design of the carts represents a Poke-Yoke that prevents the operators from stacking the cards. Ergonomic principles are also considered in the new design. The number of carts required is estimated based on historical demand, outcomes from containment actions, current processes, and inputs from the production-planning department. The new lean-based flow and design of carts have resulted in cost savings and cost avoidance.

关键词： Lean production

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ENGAGE 2Be engineers mentoring program for minority students

ENGAGE 2Be engineers mentoring program for minority students

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121st ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: 360 Degrees of engineering Education

作者： McCullough, Matthew B. A. Luster-Teasley, Stephanie Gloster Jr., Clay Parrish, Leotis Williams, Marcia F. Bailey, Ronnie S. North Carolina A and T State University United States Civil Engineering and Chemical Engineering Dept. North Carolina A and T State University United States Department of Computer Systems Technology North Carolina A and T University United States College of Engineering North Carolina A and T State University United States Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Program North Carolina A and T State University United States

Engaging the Next Generation of African-American Graduates Entering Biomedical, Biological, and environmental engineering Careers (ENGAGE 2BE) aims to address the current worker shortage and lack of diversity in various fields of engineering. Improving the diversity of viewpoints and experiences within the engineering field will fuel innovation and draw on a talent pool that will fill the current workforce needs. In order to increase underrepresented minority (URM) participation in engineering multiple strategies must be employed, two of which are increasing the retention and completion rates of URMs and women in engineering B.S. programs;as well as increasing the number of URMs and women that attend and complete graduate school in a science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM) field. An impactful mentoring program has been designed and implemented that leverages student strengths through social media to support students as they matriculate towards their B.S. degrees. Now entering its second academic year the ENGAGE 2BE program targets students who are URM, low income, first-generation, from immigrant or migrant worker families, have disabilities, or have children. The program provides mentoring academic support, and professional development through impactful workshops on understanding your strengths, being successful as a woman in a field highly populated by men, and preparing for graduate school. In addition, support is provided for student travel, to increase professional development and preparation to work in a global society. This paper reports on the ENGAGE 2BE program including program motivation, operations and management plans, as well as current assessment data and lessons learned. The information provided will aid others who are interested in strengthening support networks for undergraduate students in engineering. © American Society for engineering Education, 2014.

关键词： Students

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Multiple objective optimization of a biomass to bio-refinery logistics system

Multiple objective optimization of a biomass to bio-refinery...

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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2015

作者： Delgado, Ileana Fernandez, Juan Valles, Claudia Taboada, Heidi A. Industrial Manufacturing and Systems Engineering Department University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Av. El PasoTX79968-0521 United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Av. El PasoTX79968-0521 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762447

Bioenergy has become an important alternative source of energy to alleviate the reliance on petroleum energy. Bioenergy offers diminishing climate change by reducing Green House Gas Emissions, as well as providing energy security and enhancing rural development. It is clear that Biomass can make a substantial contribution to supplying future energy demand in a sustainable way. However, the supply of sustainable energy is one of the main challenges that mankind will face over the coming decades. Approaching this problem as a multi-commodity network flow structure, the present work proposes the use of a multiple objective genetic algorithm (MOEA) for the design optimization of a biomass to bio-refinery logistic system considering the simultaneous maximization of the total profit and the minimization of global warming potential. The problem considers for the development of the MOEA, three different types of feedstock, one perennially grown grass, switchgrass, and two crop residues, corn stover and wheat straw.

关键词： Biomass

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The effects of touch screen virtual keyboard key sizes on typing performance, typing biomechanics and muscle activity

The effects of touch screen virtual keyboard key sizes on ty...

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4th Int. Conf. on Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics, and Risk Management: Human Body Modeling and Ergonomics, DHM 2013, Held as Part of 15th Int. Conf. on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI 2013

作者： Kim, Jeong Ho Aulck, Lovenoor S. Thamsuwan, Ornwipa Bartha, Michael C. Harper, Christy A. Johnson, Peter W. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Bioeingeering University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA United States Ergonomics Research and Development Program Hewlett-Packard Houston United States Personal Systems Group Hewlett-Packard Houston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642391811

The goal of the present study was to determine whether different touch screen virtual keyboard key sizes affected typing productivity, typing forces, and muscle activity. In a repeated-measures laboratory experiment with 21 subjects, typing speed, accuracy, muscle activity, and typing forces were measured and compared between four different key sizes: 13x13, 16x16, 19x19, and 22x22 mm. The results showed that 13 mm keyboard had a 15% slower typing speed (p

关键词： Electromyography

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An Interval-parameter Fuzzy Robust Nonlinear programming Model for Water Quality Management

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第1期5卷 12-16页

作者： Min Liu Guoxin Nie Ming Hu Renfei Liao Yangshuo Shen College of Economic and Management North China Electric Power University Beijing China College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China Environmental Systems Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Canada MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization North China Electric Power University Beijing China

Planning for water quality management is important for facilitating sustainable socio-economic development;however, the planning is also complicated by a variety of uncertainties and nonlinearities. In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy robust nonlinear programming (IFRNP) model was developed for water quality management to deal with such difficulties. The developed model incorporated interval nonlinear programming (INP) and fuzzy robust programming (FRP) methods within a general optimization framework. The developed IFRNP model not only could explicitly deal with uncertainties represented as discrete interval numbers and fuzzy membership functions, but also was able to deal with nonlinearities in the objective function.

关键词： Water Quality Management Interval programming Fuzzy Robust programming Nonlinear programming Uncertainty

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AN OVERVIEW OF IN-SITU AIR SPARGING

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1993年第4期13卷 127-135页

作者： JOHNSON, RL JOHNSON, PC MCWHORTER, DB HINCHEE, RE GOODMAN, I 1 Dr. Richard L. Johnson is an associate professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Institute (P.O. Box 91000 Portland OR 97291). He is also the director of the OGI Center for Groundwater Research and the OGI Large Experimental Aquifer Program.2 Dr. Paul C. Johnson is a senior research engineer at Shell Development Co. (Westhollow Research Center P.O. Box 1380 Houston TX 77251).3 Dr. David B. McWhorter is a professor in the Department of Agricultural and Chemical Engineering at Colorado State University (Engineering Research Center Foothills Campus Fort Collins CO 80523).4 Dr. Robert Hinchee is a research leader in the Environmental Technology Department at Battelle Memorial Institute (505 King Ave. Columbus OH 43201).5 Iris Goodman is an environmental scientist with the Advanced Monitoring Systems Division at the U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (P.O. Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 89192).

In situ air sparging (IAS) is becoming a widely used technology for remediating sites contaminated by volatile organic materials such as petroleum hydrocarbons. Published data indicate that the injection of air into subsurface water saturated areas coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE) can increase removal rates in comparison to SVE alone for cases where hydrocarbons are distributed within the water saturated zone. However, the technology is still in its infancy and has not been subject to adequate research, nor have adequate monitoring methods been employed or even developed. Consequently, most IAS applications are, designed, operated, and monitored based upon the experience of the individual practitioner. The use of in situ air sparging poses risks not generally associated with most practiced remedial technologies: air injection can enhance the undesirable off-site migration of vapors and ground water contamination plumes. Migration of previously immobile liquid hydrocarbons con also be induced. Thus, them is an added incentive to fully understand this technology prior to application. This overview of the current state of the practice of air sparging is a review of available published literature, consultation with practitioners, a range of unpublished data reports, as well as theoretical considerations. Potential strengths and weaknesses of the technology are discussed and recommendations for future investigations given.

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Qualitative Risk Analysis for Contents of Dry Toilets Used to Produce Novel Recycling Fertilizers

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2021年第3期1卷 1107-1146页

作者： Krause, Ariane Häfner, Franziska Augustin, Florian Udert, Kai M. Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V. program area ‘Next-Generation Horticultural Systems’ (HORTSYS) Großbeeren Germany Finizio – Future Sanitation Eberswalde Germany ETH Zürich Institute of Environmental Engineering Zürich Switzerland Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland

Human excreta are a sustainable, economical source of nutrients, and can be used to produce recycling fertilizer for horticulture by collecting and processing the contents of dry toilets. Herein, we discuss the key categories of risk associated with the main groups of materials commonly found in dry toilets. The study was part of the development of a German product standard for marketable and quality-assured recycling fertilizers from human excreta for use in horticulture. Particular attention is paid to ensuring that the fertilizer is epidemiologically and environmentally harmless and that the quality of the recycling fertilizer is adequate in terms of low pollution and nutrient availability. In sum, the risk of transmissible human pathogens lies within the human excreta, particularly feces;plant materials added during composting are of particular phytosanitary relevance;pharmaceutical residues in excrements and chemical additives are potential sources of pollutants;non-biodegradable contaminants can cause pollution and injury;and the horticultural risks involve mainly the ammonia emission potential and in some cases the salinity effects of urine. These risks can be reduced significantly (i) with education of users around proper operation of dry toilets and the consequences of adding inappropriate waste, (ii) with facilitation of proper use with general waste bins and clear instructions, and importantly (iii) by using modern sanitization and cleaning processes and testing for harmful substances under the guidance of local laws and regulations, ensuring safe and high-quality fertilizers. In conclusion, the benefits of using dry toilet contents to produce fertilizers for use in horticulture are unquestionable. Our analysis highlights the need to support recycling optimization and awareness for the purpose of a sustainable circular economy and to minimize the risk of harm to humans and the environment overall. © 2021, The Author(s).

关键词： Compost Human excreta Nutrient cycling Pharmaceuticals Pollutants Sanitation Urine

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NAVAL LITHIUM BATTERY SAFETY program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 260-266页

作者： SHULER, SC MORANSKI, JW Stanley C. Shuler:is manager of the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Tri-State University in 1971 and served as an active duty naval aviator for seven years. After joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1980 Mr. Shuler was responsible for establishing the Lithium Battery Safety Program for the Navy Sonobuoy Program and provided lithium battery test and engineering support to various Navy/DoD programs for over eight years. Recently Mr. Shuler assisted the Naval Sea Systems Command in creating updated policy for the Naval Lithium Battery Safety Program and was instrumental in establishing Crane as the fleet engineering support agent for lithium batteries. Currently he is developing routine and emergency disposal procedures and methods for Navy-wide users of lithium batteries in support of the Naval Sea Systems Command. John W. Moranski:is a supervisory electrical engineer in the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in 1984. Mr. Moranski has been responsible for several lithium battery developmental testing projects since joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1985. The projects Mr. Moranski has been responsible for involved lithium battery pack design environmental testing discharge performance testing and safety evaluation testing. Currently he is participating in lithium battery powered systems safety reviews with the Naval Sea Systems Command Safety Division.

The stringent performance requirements of present and future naval battery powered systems necessitate the use of advanced lithium batteries with extended energy and life characteristics. In recent years, battery manufacturers in the United States and various foreign nations have been developing new lithium batteries using lithium metal anodes coupled with either carbon monofluoride (CF) x , sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), thionyl chloride (SOCI 2 ) or other cathode materials. These batteries represent a major breakthrough as primary power sources and provide certain unique advantages over conventional electrochemical systems. The advantages are: (1) a substantial increase in specific energy, (2) higher operating cell voltage, (3) low temperature operation and (4) projected long shelf life. While lithium batteries in general offer five to ten times the specific energy of conventional systems, each design differs from the other in its level of performance and in its hazards. The Naval Lithium Battery Safety program addresses these hazards within the areas of acquisition, design, use, packaging, storage, transportation, and disposal. The safety program also establishes minimum safety test requirements for lithium batteries in lithium battery powered equipment when used by the Navy or on Navy facilities.

关键词： Electric Batteries

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Hydroxyl Radical-Driven Transformations of Bisphenol a and 2,4 Dinitroanisole: Experimental and Computational Analysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Das Schober, Jaya Burdsall, Adam C. Searcy, Troy Hart, Jeffry Shade, Megan Harper, Willie F. Air Force Institute of Technology Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Systems Engineering and Management 2950 Hobson Way Wright-Patterson AFB OH45433 United States

This study used experimental and computational analysis to investigate the advanced oxidation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4 dinitroanisole (DNAN). The pseudo first-order reaction rate constants depended on the molar peroxide ratio and were between 0.13 and 0.28 per min for BPA and between 0.018 and 0.032 per min for DNAN. Hydroxyl radical scavenging was strongly implicated by the experimental results. The kinetic differences appear to be due in part to the energy requirement for oxidation, which was 9.32 kcal/mol for BPA and 36.37 kcal/mol for DNAN. Transformation pathways were analyzed using Density Functional Theory (DFT), which helped to predict the presence of experimentally-detected byproducts. The most energetically favored pathway for BPA oxidation begins with formation of hydroxylated derivatives, while for DNAN the most energetically favorable degradation pathway begins with substitution of methoxy group. Overall, these findings demonstrate the power of combining experimental and computational tools to reveal transformation mechanisms for emerging water pollutants. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

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