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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Borchers, Andrew Rinard, David Harding, Trevor Lynch-Caris, Terri Kettering University United States Department of Information Systems Kettering University United States Steelcase Inc. United States Corporate Environmental Performance for Steelcase Inc. Office Furniture Industry Aquinas College Sustainable Business Program University of Michigan Kettering University United States Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Kettering University United States ERM Division Kettering University Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning Advisory Board United States Industrial Engineering Division ASEE

Achievement of a sustainable future implies a collaborative effort between a variety of stakeholders including industry, government, and academia. We are traveling in unfamiliar waters where the course is not always clear and the goals are sometimes daunting. To develop the environmental wisdom we need to help us know the "right answers" we must bring together the knowledge we get from our academic pursuits with the experience we obtain through trial and error. Bringing together the academic world and the business world not only helps us solve the immediate engineering need, it more importantly builds a partnership that will produce greater lasting value through students (future employees) who are attuned to the market demands for improved environmental performance in both business practices and products. This paper describes a new collaborative effort between Steelcase, Inc. and Kettering University that will prepare future engineers, managers, scientists, and policy makers for a workplace that places greater emphasis on conducting business within a framework of environmental and social responsibility. Since its founding in 1912, Steelcase, Inc. has approached its business from a "values driven" perspective focused on the underlying premise of how a responsible business should conduct itself. As such, Steelcase Inc. has been a leading company in promoting sustainable business practices both within the corporation and among a variety of other constituents. Kettering University (formerly GMI engineering and Management Institute) has been preparing engineers and managers for the workforce since 1919, emphasizing the importance of leadership, integrity, and practical experience as the keys to success in the workplace. Together these organizations, along with other partners, are committed to demonstrating the practical need for enhanced education in issues of sustainability and social responsibility. © American Society for engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： engineering education

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Exploring the Potential of 3d Printing Technology for Sustainable Plastic Roads: A Preliminary Investigation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Al-Atroush, Mohamed Ezzat Almushcab, Jumana Alhudaif, Duha Meskinyar, Yosra Civil and Environmental Engineering Program College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia Software Engineering College of Computer and Information Systems Prince Sultan University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia Architectural Engineering Department College of Architecture and Design Prince Sultan University Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia

The urgency of climate change has highlighted the need for sustainable road construction materials, replacing the conventional asphalt that significantly contributes to global warming and the urban heat island effect. With that in mind, the construction of the world's first 30-meter plastic road in Zwolle, Netherlands, in 2018 opened the door for novel plastic applications as paving materials. However, the current application is still limited to sidewalks and light-loaded cycling lanes. This preliminary study investigated the feasibility of using 3D printing technology to provide the required structural design flexibility for manufacturing plastic pavement modules able to sustain heavy traffic and extreme weather conditions. The suitability of six plastic materials for 3D printing was evaluated. Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) were identified as the most suitable materials for this study. Three small-scale structural systems, namely hollow modular with plastic columns, hollow modular with solid plastic cones, and hollow modular with X-bracing, were designed and successfully printed using the adopted materials and a 3D printer. The developed systems were then tested under compression to evaluate their structural performance under heavy traffic loads and prove the concept. The results showed that the PLA conic structural system was effective and exhibited the highest compression strength, while PETG conic system exhibited ductile behavior with superior thermal stability. The study suggested that the hybrid system of PLA and PETG materials may improve overall performance, combine flexibility and strength, and potentially improve resistance to extreme weather and heavy traffic. These findings proved that 3D printing technology has the potential to revolutionize the road construction industry and provide more sustainable solutions for infrastructure development. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Plastic bottles

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Inexpensive Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (CTD) Sensor

Inexpensive Expendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth (C...

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OCEANS

作者： R. Paradis S. L. Wood Masters from Florida Institute of Technology and currently is an engineer at General Dynamics - Electric Boat Groton CT USA Department of Marine and Environmental Systems Ocean Engineering program chair at Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne FL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479913084

The Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) sensor is one of the most used instruments in the Oceanographic field. These devices are the number one, most important sensor for any research of the ocean depths. CTD measurements are found in every marine related institute and navy throughout the world because they are used to produce the salinity profile for the area of the ocean under investigation. In order to deploy large numbers of CTD sensors, an inexpensive version is needed, especially if used as a one-time (throw-away) system. Oceanographic institutes and navies require instruments such as these that are reliable, accurate, precise and inexpensive. The CTD developed in this paper is low cost and disposable that can be easily and rapidly deployed to obtain measurements throughout the earth's oceans. Five (5) specific specifications for the device (ECS Unit Sensor) were paramount: 1) Its weight had to be under 5-lb (2.27-kg) maximum, but ideally as close to 1 to 2lb (0.45-kg to 0.9-kg) as possible; 2) Its dimensions must be no bigger than 10-in (25-cm) in height and 3-in (7.6-cm) in diameter; 3) It must be reasonably priced to be expendable; 4) It must have wireless communication; and 5) It only has to record the top 10m of the water column. This paper describes the design, development, construction and testing of the Expendable Conductivity Sensor Unit (ECS Unit), which when deployed, takes multiple snapshots of the water profile and sends its data out via a satellite communications chip. The ECS Unit was tested against other CTDs for accuracy. When compared to the other expendable CTDs the ECS Unit, along with being much more economical, is able to provide more snapshots than any other expendable CTD instrument currently available on the market. The CTD instrument (ECS Unit Sensor) developed in this project costs around $982.00 per unit to make.

关键词： Ocean temperature Temperature measurement Sea measurements Conductivity Sea surface Probes

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Integrated simulation-optimization approach for real-time dynamic modeling and process control of surfactant-enhanced remediation at petroleum-contaminated sites

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Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 2003年第2期7卷 95-105页

作者： Huang, Y.F. Li, J.B. Huang, G.H. Chakma, A. Qin, X.S. Environmental Systems Eng.Program Faculty of Engineering Univ. of Regina Regina Sask. S4S 0A2 Canada Dept. of Chemical Engineering Univ. of Waterloo Waterloo Ont. N2L 3G1 Canada

Surfactant-enhanced remediation is an effective approach for dealing with subsurface-contaminated sites. However, in studying and controlling the related processes, difficulties exist in incorporating a complicated numerical simulation model that is needed for process forecasting within a real-time nonlinear optimization framework that is critical for supporting process control. In this study, an integrated simulation-optimization approach was developed for supporting real-time dynamic modeling and process control of surfactant-enhanced remediation at petroleum-contaminated sites. Subsurface modeling is combined with a dual-response surface method to develop a system for generating optimum operation conditions under various site conditions, through the support of a nonlinear optimization model. The development methodology was applied to a real-world case study in western Canada. Using the developed three-dimensional multiphase and multicomponent model, the surfactant-enhanced remediation process that is being implemented on the study site was simulated. The results provide useful information for further dual-response surface analysis to support the development of an optimization model to determine optimum process operation conditions. Under each initial contaminant concentration, optimum operation conditions can then be identified through this combined dual-response surface method optimization approach. Thus, a decision support system can then be produced to guide decisions of remediation process control under various site conditions.

关键词： Waste management

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Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Coupled Hydro-Economic Model and Groundwater Restriction Assessment

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Rodríguez-Flores, José M. Valero-Fandiño, Jorge A. Cole, Spencer A. Malek, Keyvan Karimi, Tina Zeff, Harrison B. Reed, Patrick M. Escriva-Bou, Alvar Medellín-Azuara, Josué University of California Merced Environmental Systems Program MercedCA95340 United States Cornell University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering IthacaNY14853 United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Chapel Hill NC27599 United States Water Policy Center Public Policy Institute of California San FranciscoCA94111 United States

The modeling of coupled food-water systems to represent the effect of water supply variability as well as shocks that may emerge from changes in policies, economic drivers, and productivity requires an understanding of dominant uncertainties. These uncertainties cascade into forecasts of impacts of water management policies, such as groundwater pumping restrictions. This paper assesses how parametric, crop price, crop yields, surface water price, and electricity price uncertainties shape hydro-economic model estimates for agricultural production through a diagnostic global sensitivity analysis (GSA).The diagnostic GSA explores how the uncertainties in combination with a candidate groundwater pumping restriction influence three metrics of concern: total economic revenue, total land use and groundwater depth change. The hydro-economic model integrates a Groundwater Response Function (GRF) by integrating an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) into a calibrated Positive Mathematical programming (PMP) production model for the Wheeler Ridge-Maricopa Water Storage District located in Kern County, California. Our results show that in addition to groundwater pumping restriction, performance metrics of the system are highly sensitive to prices and yields particularly of profitable crops. These sensitivities become salient during dry years when there is a higher reliance on groundwater. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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The Impact of Covid-19 on Happiness: Changed Psychological and Attitudinal Characteristics

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Park, Yunmi Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering College of Engineering Ewha Womans University #509 Asan Engineering Bldg. 52 Ewhayeodae-gil Seodaemun-gu Seoul03760 Korea Republic of Graduate School of Environmental Studies Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Environmental Planning Institute Seoul National University #222 Building 82 Gwanak-ro 1 Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

COVID-19 has had a considerable negative influence on subjective well-being. It has also been claimed that a decline in happiness has resulted from forced changes in psychological and attitudinal status (e.g., working from home, risk perception, or compactness preference) during the global pandemic. This study sought to empirically examine this association using a nationwide survey conducted in the United States in 2020. Socio-demographic life circumstances, COVID-19 restrictions, travel modes, and psychological and attitudinal characteristics were defined with 75 items to detail the story of happiness during the pandemic. The findings showed that socio-demographic factors contributed to the majority of happiness but that perceived infection risk of close relationships, restricted social interactions and activities, high infection risk perception, avoidance of online alternatives, and decreased compactness preference all contributed to reduced happiness. In particular, job, income level, and modes of transportation before COVID-19 also affected the level of happiness during COVID-19. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Risk perception

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Rainfall Frequency Analysis Using Event-Maximum Rainfalls – an Event-Based Mixture Distribution Modeling Approach

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cheng, Ke-Sheng Chen, Bo-Yu Lin, Teng-Wei Nakamura, Kimihito Ruangrasamee, Piyatida Chikamori, Hidetaka Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Statistics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Environmental Management Engineering Okayama University Okayama Japan

Rainfall frequency analysis, an essential work for water resources management, is often conducted by using the annual maximum rainfall series. For rainfall stations with short record lengths and outliers presence, the use of annual maximum series for rainfall frequency analysis may yield design rainfall estimates of higher uncertainties. Moreover, for regions with cyclostationary climate patterns, the annual maximum rainfalls may be caused by different prevalent storm types, which differ in terms of their occurrence frequency and storm rainfall characteristics. In this study, we propose an event-maximum-rainfall-based mixture distribution modeling approach for rainfall frequency analysis. By considering the event-maximum rainfalls of individual storm events, the sample size for parameter estimation increases, and the uncertainty of design rainfall estimates reduces. Mixture distribution modeling enables a thorough investigation of the contributing probabilities of different storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. Through rigorous stochastic simulation, we demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach over the conventional annual-maximum-rainfall approach. The proposed approach was applied to four representative rainfall stations in Taiwan, and the results revealed that the proposed approach is more robust than the conventional annual-maximum-rainfall approach. The results provide insights into the contributions of individual storm types to the annual maximum rainfall. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Poisson distribution

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Profitability Analysis of Small Scale Irrigation Technology Adoption to Farmers in Nasho Sector, Rwanda

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2020年第2期9卷 73-84页

作者： Eliezel Habineza Jean Nepomuscene Nsengiyumva Eric Ruzigamanzi Martin Vincent Nsanzumukiza SMART-Agricultural Engineering Program Department of Bio-Resources and Rural Systems Engineering General GraduateSchool Hankyong National University Anseong South Korea Department of Land Husbandry Irrigation Research and Technology Transfer Rwanda Agriculture and Animal ResourcesDevelopment Board Kigali Rwanda Department of Irrigation and Drainage School of Agriculture Engineering University of Rwanda Nyagatare Rwanda Department of Department of Agricultural and Resources Economics School of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesJomo Kenyatta University Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda Department of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Management Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversity of Lay Adventists of Kigali Kigali Rwanda

The study aims to assess the effect of small scale irrigation adoption to farmers in Nasho sector, Kirehe District in Rwanda. The average yield was 12,309.73 Kg/2.62 ha or 4698.73 Kg/ha for adopters with the mean difference between adopters and non adopters ranged from 2819.63 Kg to 4766.59 Kg per unit area of production. For food security status, the average mean quantity of maize consumed at home level was 615.54 Kg with the mean difference ranged from 377.29 Kg to 474.68 Kg. For market participation, the average treatment effect of the treated (ATT) of quantity of maize sold was 11,694.24 Kg while the mean difference ranged from 7165.98 Kg to 9015.60 Kg. The Average Treatment Effect of the Treated market price was 213 Frws/Kg while the mean difference ranged from 44.51 Frws/Kg to 48.3053 Frws/Kg. The Average Treatment Effect of the Treated of farmer’s revenues for the users was 938,772 Frws/ha, however, the mean difference between adopters and non adopters ranged from 1,732,942 Frws to 2,007,039 Frws. The Average Treatment Effect of the Treated of farmer’s net farm income was 1,066,393 Frws while mean difference between users and non users ranged from 803,967 Frws to 854,141 Frws. For profitability analysis, the cost benefit ratio (CBR) was taken into account. The total benefit per unit area was 2,434,509 Frws and total average mean cost of 1,382,313 Frws and CBR = 1.761 > 1. The findings of this study will help the policy makers for deeper sector planning and also, it will facilitate other stakeholders to invest in irrigation technology to improve the livelihoods of Rwandan farmers and other surroundings.

关键词： Profitability Small Scale ïrrigation Propensity Score Matching Farmers Treatment Effect

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Relative extents, mechanisms, and kinetics of fluoride removal from synthetic groundwater by prevalent sorbents

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Chemosphere 2023年 342卷 140161页

作者： Ekamparam, Aravinth Siva Subramaniam Khaitan, Harshit Nimesh, Vishakha Singh, Abhas Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India Department of Biological & Ecological Engineering Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Google India Telangana Hyderabad500 081 India Environmental Engineering and Management Program Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India Department of Environment Management Systems East Delhi Municipal Corporation Government of Delhi New Delhi110 096 India

Fluoride (F) contamination in groundwater affects millions of people across the world. Although several sorbents have been identified for low-cost F removal, the choice of the optimal sorbent is dictated by the specific chemistry of contaminated groundwater. In this contribution, eight prevalent sorbents—activated alumina (AA), calcite, hydroxyapatite-coated calcite (HCC), natural chitosan, chalk, Mg–Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH), calcined Mg–Al–CO3 LDH (cLDH), and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)—were categorized on their relative F removal mechanisms, extents, and kinetics from a typical synthetic groundwater, representative of contaminated aquifers of North India. Initially, batch experiments containing sorbents at 4 g·L−1 were conducted at a high F concentration (2.9 mM). The dominant F removal processes were identified by aqueous- and solid-phase characterization of reaction by-products. While chalk and calcite removed F by secondary precipitation of fluorite, HCC removed F by fluorapatite precipitation, and other sorbents removed F by sorption. Depending on the immobilization mechanism identified, the F uptake kinetics on each sorbent was modeled with either pseudo-second order or generalized rate equations. Among sorptive F uptake, cLDH exhibited the highest (10−2.15 mg·g−1·h−1) and HFO showed the lowest (10−4.15 mg·g−1·h−1) rates. Fluoride removal by precipitation was the fastest with chalk at 10−1.3 (h−1) (0.16). Subsequent experiments with AA and HCC at lower initial F concentration (0.42 mM) suggested increased uptake by ∼30x and ∼7x, respectively, relative to uptake in 2.9 mM initial F systems. For AA, apart from the widely-accepted mechanism of adsorption, an unidentified F-containing surface precipitate was formed. HCC was identified as the most promising sorbent with no sludge generation. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Sorbents

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Evaluation of GOFP over four forest plots using RAMI and UAV measurements

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1433-1451页

作者： Jun Geng Qian Zhang Feng Qiu J.M.Chen Yongguang Zhang Weiliang Fan Lili Tu Jianwei Huang Shaoteng Wang Lichen Xu Jinchao Li School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiPeople’s Republic of China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry JenaGermany Key Laboratory of Information Perception and Systems for Public Security of MIIT Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of TorontoTorontoCanada School of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang A&F UniversityLinanPeople’s Republic of China School of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiPeople’s Republic of China

Comparison and validation of canopy reflectance(CR)models are two important steps to ensure their *** forest plantations are an ideal type of forest for validating CR models because of their simple background and the low variance in the crown structures which are usually assumed to be identical in most CR models.A Geometric Optical Model for Forest Plantations(GOFP)was compared using dataset in two radiation transfer model intercomparison exercise(RAMI)stands and validated using in situ dataset of detailed optical and structural data of two forest plantations in the Saihanba Forestry Center,*** results show that(1)the tree distributions in stands described by the hypergeometric model in GOFP show good consistencies with the dataset in the two RAMI stands and measurements from the two Saihanba forest stands;and(2)the CRs simulated with GOFP are also compared well in the two RAMI stands and validated with measurements collected with unmanned aerial vehicles in the two Saihanba *** shows a better consistency with the CR measurements than those from CR models for natual forestsbecause the tree distribution in forest plantations is described more reasonably in GOFP.

关键词： Validation forest plantation GOFP tree distribution BRF hypergeometric model

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