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CATALYTIC INCINERATION OF EMISSIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.

Plant/operations progress 1983年第3期2卷 182-184页

作者： Kenson, Robert E. Met-Pro Corp. Harleysville Pa. 19438 He has over fifteen years' experience in chemical process engineering including petrochemicals fertilizers synfuels energy recovery and polution control processes. In his present position he is responsible for all research/development design and project management activities in pollution control and energy/resource conservation systems for Met-Pro's Systems Division. The author of numerous publications he has presented papers before national meetings of WWEMA APCA AIChE Catalysis Society ACS and AIChE. Ph.D. from Purdue University and an AB from Boston University. He is a member of AIChE APCA AMA and Sigma Xi. As a member of AIChE he has been active as session chairman national program coordinator programming committee member and task force member for the Environmental Division.

The article demonstrates that catalytic incineration is often economically attractive as an alternative to thermal incineration for petroleum and petrochemical process organic emissions. Even where the initial cost of the catalytic incinerator is greater than a comparable-performance thermal incinerator, the lower fuel costs of the catalytic incinerator pay this cost differential back very quickly (1/2 to 2 years). Catalytic incineration can not only be used for pollution control, but also for energy recovery from streams containing combustible gases.

关键词： PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS

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The Use of Bioethanol-Isooctane Blend and the Effect of its Molecular Properties on Si Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Nanlohy, Hendry Y. Adiwidodo, Satworo Yamaguchi, Masaki Subagyo, Rachmat Suryanto, Heru Wardana, I.N.G. Ueda, Toishihisa Department of Mechanical Engineering Jayapura University of Science and Technology 99351 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering State Polytechnic of Malang 65141 Indonesia School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems Keio University Join Program Center Teikyo University Tokyo 108-8345 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Lambung Mangkurat University 70123 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of Malang 65145 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Brawijaya University 65145 Indonesia

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of ignition timing on a spark-ignition engine using 50% isooctane and bioethanol as fuel. In addition, the atomic, bond, and bond angle properties of both fuel molecules were investigated. The engine tests were conducted on three different ignition timings at 9°, 12°, and 15° before the top dead center (BTDC) with the wide-open throttle at 3500 rpm to 7500 rpm. The result shows that ethanol has 8 non-rotatable and 1 rotatable atomic bond, while the isooctane bond has 23 non-rotatable bonds and 2 rotatable bonds. In addition, ethanol has a partial charge of δ+ 0.209 and δ- 0.395, which is larger than isooctane (i.e., δ+ 0.030, and δ- 0.063);on the other hand, isooctane has a bond angle of 121.1745° that is greater than ethanol, which is 110.0476°. The result shows that the unique molecular properties of ethanol and isooctane can increase the reactivity of the fuel molecules, thereby increasing the performance of the spark-ignition engine. The results also show that the modification to ignition timing gives the maximum effect occurring at 12° for BE50. Moreover, the BE50 produces environmentally friendly exhaust emissions, thus proving that BE50 has the potential to be used in spark-ignition engines. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Paraffins

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem fires and biomass burning-induced carbon emissions in China over the past two decades

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第1期1卷 47-58页

作者： Anping Chen Rongyun Tang Jiafu Mao Chao Yue Xiran Li Mengdi Gao Xiaoying Shi Mingzhou Jin Daniel Ricciuto Sam Rabin Phillippe Ciais Shilong Piao Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest Agriculture&Forestry UniversityYanglingShanxi 712100China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei 430079China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Atmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU) Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467Germany LSCE UMR CEA-CNRSBat.709CEL’Orme des MerisiersGif-sur-Yvette 91191France

Fire is a major type of disturbance that has important influences on ecosystem dynamics and carbon *** our understanding of ecosystem fires and their carbon cycle consequences is still limited,largely due to the difficulty of large-scale fire monitoring and the complex interactions between fire,vegetation,climate,and anthropogenic ***,using data from satellite-derived fire observations and ecosystem model simulations,we performed a comprehensive investigation of the spatial and temporal dynamics of China’s ecosystem fire disturbances and their carbon emissions over the past two decades(1997–2016).Satellite-derived results showed that on average about 3.47-4.53×10^(4) km^(2) of the land was burned annually during the past two decades,among which annual burned forest area was about 0.81-1.25×10^(4) km^(2),accounting for 0.33-0.51%of the forest area in *** burning emitted about 23.02 TgC per *** to satellite products,simulations from the Energy Exascale Earth System Land Model(ELM)strongly overestimated China’s burned area and fire-induced carbon *** burned area and fire-induced carbon emissions were high for boreal forest in Northeast China’s Daxing’anling region and subtropical dry forest in South Yunnan,as revealed by both the satellite product and the model *** results suggest that climate and anthropogenic factors play critical roles in controlling the spatial and seasonal distribution of China’s ecosystem fire *** findings highlight the importance of multiple complementary approaches in assessing ecosystem fire disturbance and its carbon *** studies are required to improve the methods of observing and modelling China’s ecosystem fire disturbances,which will provide valuable information for fire management and ecosystem sustainability in an era when both human activities and the natural environment are rapidly changing.

关键词： Fire emission Burned area Fire models China

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Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-MetalBased All-Solid-State Batteries

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ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021年第4期6卷 1399-1404页

作者： Albertus, Paul Anandan, Venkataramani Ban, Chunmei Balsara, Nitash Belharouak, Ilias Buettner-Garrett, Josh Chen, Zonghai Daniel, Claus Doeff, Marca Dudney, Nancy J. Dunn, Bruce Harris, Stephen J. Herle, Subramanya Herbert, Eric Kalnaus, Sergiy Libera, Joesph A. Lu, Dongping Martin, Steve McCloskey, Bryan D. McDowell, Matthew T. Meng, Y. Shirley Nanda, Jagjit Sakamoto, Jeff Self, Ethan C. Tepavcevic, Sanja Wachsman, Eric Wang, Chunsheng Westover, Andrew S. Xiao, Jie Yersak, Thomas Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 United States Ford Motor Company Dearborn Michigan 48121 United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Materials Sciences Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Energy and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 United States Solid Power Inc. Louisville Colorado 80027 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States Applied Materials Inc. 3225 Oakmead Village Drive B12_2F6 Santa Clara California 95054 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 United States Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Iowa State University of Science & Technology Ames Iowa 50011 United States Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 United States Department of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 United States Chemical and Materials Systems Laborat

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A saturation excess erosion model

A saturation excess erosion model

引用

International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution 2011

作者： Tilahun, S.A. Mukundan, R. Demisse, B.A. Guzman, C. Tarakegn, B.C. Engda, T.A. Easton, Z.M. Collick, A.S. Zegeye, A.D. Schneiderman, E.M. Parlange, J.-Y. Steenhuis, T.S. Dept. of Biological Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY United States School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia CUNY Institute for Sustainable Cities Hunter College City University of New York New York NY United States New York City Dept. of Environmental Protection Kingston NY United States Cornell Master's Program in Integrated Watershed Management and Water Supply Bahir Dar Ethiopia Dept. of Renewable Resources University of Wyoming Laramie WY United States Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States Amhara Regional State Agricultural Research Institute Addet Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9781618397966

Scaling up sediment transport has been problematic because most sediment loss models (e.g., the Universal Soil Loss Equation) are developed using data from small plots where runoff is generated by infiltration excess. However, in most watersheds, runoff is produced by saturation excess processes. Therefore, scaling up requires a hydrology model that accurately predicts the location and extent of runoff source areas. These runoff predictions can then be used for simulating sediment concentrations. We base sediment predictions on a simple, well-tested distributed saturation excess hydrology model, which calculates surface runoff, interflow, and baseflow. Surface runoff originates from bottom lands that become saturated during the rainy season or from severely degraded lands with little or no storage capacity. Baseflow and interflow are generated from the remaining parts of the landscape. Interflow comes from the shallow soils over an impermeable surface and base flow results from percolation below the impervious layer. To obtain the sediment concentrations, we assume that during surface runoff, there is a linear relationship between runoff velocity and sediment concentration, but baseflow and interflow are sediment free. Thus only the runoff component of stream discharge is involved in active erosive work compared to baseflow and interflow that contribute minimally to watershed sediment yield. To show the general applicability of the Saturation Excess Erosion Model (SEEModel), the model was tested for watersheds located 10,000 km apart, in the United States and in Ethiopia. In the Ethiopia highlands, we simulated the 113 ha Anjeni watershed, the 400 ha Enkulal watershed and the 180,000 km2 the Blue Nile basin. In the Catskill Mountains in New York State, the sediment concentrations were simulated in the upper 493 km2 Esopus Creek watershed. Daily discharge and sediment concentration were well simulated over the range of scales with comparable parameter sets. The Nash

关键词： Watersheds

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Advancing women in engineering by empowering student leaders to promote the recruitment and retention of females in engineering

Advancing women in engineering by empowering student leaders...

引用

114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Finger, Helene Van Houten, Tracy Curry, Barbara Harris, Jennifer Francisco, Malia Sale, Betsy California Polytechnic State University United States Women's Engineering Program College of Engineering Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Cal Poly Turkey University of Southern California United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory Advanced Concepts Development Team United States United Parcel Service United Parcel Service Los Angeles United States SWE-LA SWE Sonora Region Mexico SWE National Scholarship Northrop Grumman Space Technology as a Launch Operations Systems United States SWE United States Cal Poly Collegiate Section Turkey SWE-LA Section SWE National Membership Committee Cannon Associates San Luis Obispo United States

Cal Poly San Luis Obispo's College of engineering created a model for empowering women to excel by establishing the Society of Women Engineers student section as the implementing organization for women in engineering recruitment and retention activities. A Women's engineering program Director, who is supported by the Dean, provides strategic guidance to the approximately 45 SWE officers who oversee the development and completion of programming to encourage women to aspire, advance and achieve in engineering. The outcome is an outstanding record of accomplishments that has continued to gain momentum through the years. Cal Poly SWE continues to improve upon prior successes and to expand efforts as the largest and most well-recognized professional organization on the Cal Poly campus and the largest and Most Outstanding Student Section in the nation for the last four years. Studies of retention of Cal Poly female engineering students and alumnae have demonstrated the strength of this model. Cal Poly female engineering students are retained both at a higher rate than the national average and at a higher rate than male students on campus. This vitality of CaI Poly female engineering students and alumnae is derived mutually from the myriad of support activities that are being offered to attract and keep those students in the engineering pipeline and the empowerment of having students design and manage the events themselves. Further feeding this positive cycle is enhanced industry support, originating from the recognized value of interpersonal, managerial and leadership skills developed as a result of this organization. Through the years, Cal Poly SWE has planned, implemented and improved their officer structure, programming and member recruitment activities in promotion of their mission. The best practices gleaned from the experiences of this flourishing section are discussed in this paper with the hope that they can be applied at other institutions to further inspire the

关键词： Curricula

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Reconstruction of a Long-term spatially Contiguous Solar-Induced Fluorescence (LCSIF) over 1982-2022

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Fang, Jianing Lian, Xu Ryu, Youngryel Jeong, Sungchan Jiang, Chongya Gentine, Pierre Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Agriculture Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States

Satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a powerful proxy for diagnosing the photosynthetic characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the increasing spatial and temporal resolutions of these satellite retrievals, records of SIF are primarily limited to the recent decade, impeding their application in detecting long-term dynamics of ecosystem function and structure. In this study, we leverage the two surface reflectance bands (red and near-infrared) available both from Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR, 1982-2022) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2001-2022). Importantly, we calibrate and orbit-correct the AVHRR bands against their MODIS counterparts during their overlapping period. Using the long-term bias-corrected reflectance data, a neural network is then built to reproduce the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 SIF using AVHRR and MODIS, and used to map SIF globally over the entire 1982-2022 period. Compared with the previous MODIS-based CSIF product relying on four reflectance bands, our two-band-based product has similar skill but can be advantageously extended to the bias-corrected AVHRR period. Further comparison with three widely used vegetation indices (NDVI, kNDVI, NIRv;all based empirically on red and near-infrared bands) shows a higher or comparable correlation of LCSIF with satellite SIF and site-level GPP estimates across vegetation types, ensuring a greater capacity of LCSIF for representing terrestrial photosynthesis. Globally, LCSIF-AVHRR shows an accelerating upward trend since 1982, with an average rate of 0.0025 mW m-2 nm-1 sr-1 per decade during 1982-2000 and 0.0038 mW m-2 nm-1 sr-1 per decade during 2001-2022. Previous greening hotspots of India and China since 2000 are also identified as hotspots for enhanced photosynthesis. Our LCSIF data provide opportunities to better understand the long-term dynamics of ecosystem photosynthesis and their underlying driving processes. © 20

关键词： Photosynthesis

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Microplastic removal and management strategies for wastewater treatment plants

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Chemosphere 2024年 347卷 140648页

作者： Ahmed, Shams Forruque Islam, Nafisa Tasannum, Nuzaba Mehjabin, Aanushka Momtahin, Adiba Chowdhury, Ashfaque Ahmed Almomani, Fares Mofijur, M. Science and Math Program Asian University for Women Chattogram4000 Bangladesh School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland University RockhamptonQLD4702 Australia Centre for Intelligent Systems Clean Energy Academy Central Queensland University RockhamptonQLD4702 Australia Department of Chemical Engineering Collage of Engineering Qatar University Qatar Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

Discharging microplastics into the environment with treated wastewater is becoming a major concern around the world. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) release microplastics into terrestrial and aquatic habitats, mostly from textile, laundry, and cosmetic industries. Despite extensive research on microplastics in the environment, their removal, and WWTP management strategies, highlighting their environmental effects, little is known about microplastics' fate and behaviour during various treatment processes. Microplastics interact with treatment technologies differently due to their diverse physical and chemical characteristics, resulting in varying removal efficiency. Microplastics removed from WWTPs may accumulate in soil and harm terrestrial ecosystems. Few studies have examined the cost, energy use, and trade-offs of large-scale implementation of modern treatment methods for the removal of microplastics. To safeguard aquatic and terrestrial habitats from microplastics' contamination, focused and efficient management techniques must bridge these knowledge gaps. This review summarizes microplastic detection, collection, removal and management strategies. A compilation of treatment process studies on microplastics’ removal efficiency and their destiny and transit paths shows recent improvement. Bioremediation, membrane bioreactor (MBR), electrocoagulation, sol-gel technique, flotation, enhanced filtering, and AOPs are evaluated for microplastic removal. The fate and behaviour of microplastics in WWTPs suggest they may be secondary suppliers of microplastics to receiving ecosystems. Innovative microplastic removal strategies and technologies such as nanoparticles, microorganism-based remediation, and tertiary treatment raise issues. These new WWTP technologies are examined for feasibility, limitations, and implementation issues. Pretreatment modifies microplastic size, adsorption potential, and surface morphology to remove microplastics from WWTPs. Membrane bioreact

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUND-WATER EXTRACTION systems

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第1期11卷 119-124页

作者： HALEY, JL HANSON, B ENFIELD, C GLASS, J Jennifer Haley is a chemical engineer working in the Remedial Operations and Guidance Branch of the Hazardous Site Control Division/Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (U.S. EPA OS-220 401 M St. SW Washington D.C. 20460). One of her responsibilities during her three years at EPA has been completion of the EPA Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated Ground Water at Superfund Sites. Prior to taking her current position at the EPA in May 1987 she worked for two years for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board overseeing ground water contamination investigations and cleanups in the South San Francisco Bay. She received a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of California in Berkeley and an M.S. in environmental management from the University of San Francisco. Bill Hanson is an engineer with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (OS-220 401 M St. SW Washington D.C. 20460). He received both his B.S. in engineering and M.A. in environmental engineering from Duke University. Before joining the Environmental Protection Agency Hanson worked for several consulting engineering firms including CH2M Hill in Res ton Virginia. At EPA he first worked in the Effluent Guidelines Program where he was responsible for developing pretreatment and direct discharge regulations for the electroplating industry. Hanson has been with the Superfund program since its start. He is currently chief of the Remedial Operations and Guidance Branch. His branch is responsible for developing guidance for consistency of approach with respect to selection of remedy land ban treatment requirements and treatability protocols. Carl G. Enfield is a soil scientist at the Robert S. Ken Environmental Research Laboratory (U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK 74820). He earned his B.S.C.E. in civil engineering and M.S. in agronomy at Purdue University and his Ph.D. in agricultural chemistry and soils at the University of Arizona. He currently serves as research director at EP

The most common process for remediating contaminated ground water is extraction and treatment. Data from 19 on-going and completed ground water extraction systems were collected and analyzed (U.S. EPA 1989b) to evaluate the effectiveness of this process in achieving cleanup concentration goals for ground water. This analysis indicated several trends including (1) containment of ground water plumes was usually achieved;(2) contaminant concentrations dropped significantly initially followed by a leveling out;(3) after the period of initial rapid decline, the continued decreases in concentration were usually slower than anticipated;and (4) certain data important to optimizing system design and operation had often not been collected during the site characterization phase. Factors limiting the achievement of cleanup concentration goals fell into four basic categories: (1) hydrogeological factors, such as subsurface heterogeneity, low-permeability units, and presence of fractures;(2) contaminant-related factors, such as high sorption to soil and presence of non-aqueous phases (dissolution from a separate non-aqueous phases (dissolution from a separate non-aqueous phase or partitioning of contaminants from the residual non-aqueous phase);(3) continued migration from source areas and the size of the plume itself;and (4) system design factors, such as pumping rates, screened intervals, and extraction well locations. The findings of this study indicate that ground water extraction is an effective method for preventing additional migration of contaminant plumes and achieving risk reduction. However, the findings indicate that in many situations, it may not be practicable to rely solely on ground water extraction and treatment to achieve health-based cleanup concentrations throughout the contaminated zone and fulfill the primary goal of returning ground water to beneficial use. This study suggests several recommendations (U.S. EPA 1989a) for improving ground water response acti

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The Role of Interconnected Island Networks for Decarbonising Power Sector in Large Archipelago Nation

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Reyseliani, Nadhilah Pratama, Yoga Wienda Shafira, Alya Nurul Dowell, Niall Mac Kammen, Daniel M. Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu Sustainable Energy Systems and Policy Research Cluster Universitas Indonesia Depok16424 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok16424 Indonesia Master Program in Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok16424 Indonesia Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College London South Kensington LondonSW7 1NA United Kingdom Schlossplatz 1 Laxenburg2361 Austria Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory and Energy and Resources Group University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

The reality in modelling the power system transition of an archipelagic country lies in the substantial investment required for interisland transmission lines and the uneven distribution of electricity demand. Approximately 72–75% of Indonesia's electricity demand is centered on Java, where the substantial population density constrains the land availability for renewable energy. Therefore, the spatial aspect in modelling Indonesian power system becomes important. This study assessed the differences in the decarbonisation of the Indonesian power system using single- and multi-region optimisation models and compared the isolated and interconnected power systems using the Integrated MARKAL–EFOM System (TIMES) Indonesia. The findings indicated that the isolated multi-region approach exhibited lower penetration of renewable energy compared to the single-region approach. Introducing interconnected power system enhanced the renewable energy mix by 2.5 times, reduced the overall system cost, CO2 storage capacity, and coal consumption by building 115 GW of interisland grid and importing 62% of electricity in Java from Sumatra, Kalimantan, and NT, which resulting in more distributed investment. However, due to the considerable distance, an interconnected power system is not considered a cost-effective solution for Papua, Sulawesi, and Maluku. Decarbonisation under coal phase-out plan helps reduce the interisland transmission system by 8.3%. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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