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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Piao, Zheng Gang Park, Chae Yeon Kim, Sang Hyuck Kim, Eun Sub Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Social Systems Division National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8506 Japan

Understanding the urban heat problem, which is intensifying owing to urbanization and climate change, has become a great challenge. Evaluating the thermal environment of urban spaces and predicting changes based on urban planning are essential for developing optimal urban cooling plans. Models using numerical methods are efficient and flexible for accurately simulating thermal comfort in various spatial arrangements in urban areas. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional urban surface model to evaluate the thermal comfort of humans by reflecting complex urban environments. We analyzed the thermal comfort according to the angular change of east–west streets, which are vulnerable to heat, and found that a change of 12.5° has a significant effect on the heat felt by the person on the sidewalk. The results suggest that spatiotemporal thermal comfort simulations considering the orientation of the streets and analytical planning are necessary to efficiently cool the city. This model can be used to develop efficient cooling strategies to achieve sustainable cities. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal comfort

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Visualization of signalized intersections in driving simulator and validity of driving behaviors in virtual environments

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2011年第26期 17-28页

作者： Yan, X. Abdel-Aty, M. Guo, D. Radwan, E. MOE Key Laboratory for Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2450 United States Computer Science Program College of Business Florida Gulf Coast University 10501 FGCU Boulevard South Fort Myers FL 33965-6565 United States Center for Advanced Transportation Systems Simulation University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2450 United States

Visualization of highway traffic environments in virtual reality plays a key role on fidelity of simulation and validity of driving behaviors in driving simulator studies. This paper describes a procedure to replicate a signalized intersection with many complex features into a driving simulator's 3-D databases through building a graphical visual database, constructing a road motion database, and creating simulated traffic. The validity of the visualization was assessed via the comparison of the drivers' speeds in the simulator and the speed data at the real intersection. It was found that both speed data follow normal distributions and have equal means for each intersection approach;however, that the speeds measured in the driving simulator have a larger variability than those measured in the field. The users' subjective evaluation results indicated that 92% subjects could recognize the simulated intersection in the driving simulator experiment. Therefore, the strategy of geo-specific environment modeling would be useful for studying driving behaviors in virtual environments.

关键词： Visualization

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Visualization of signalized intersections in driving simulator and validity of driving behaviors in virtual environments

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2012年第26期 17-28页

关键词： Visualization

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Water Footprint Symposium: Where next for water footprint and water assessment methodology?

Water Footprint Symposium: Where next for water footprint an...

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作者： Tillotson, Martin R. Liu, Junguo Guan, Dabo Wu, Pute Zhao, Xu Zhang, Guoping Pfister, Stephan Pahlow, Markus Water at Leeds School of Civil Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 10083 China Ecosystems Services and Management Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Water at Leeds School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Northwest A and F University Yangling 712100 China Water Footprint Network Enschede Netherlands ETH Zurich Institute of Environmental Engineering John-von-Neumann-Weg 9 8093 Zurich Switzerland Department of Water Engineering and Management University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Water at Leeds University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Recognizing the need for a comprehensive review of the tools and metrics for the quantification and assessment of water footprints, and allowing for the opportunity for open discussion on the challenges and future of water footprinting methodology, an international symposium on water footprint was organized. The Water Footprint Symposium was held in December 2013 at the University of Leeds, UK. In particular, four areas were highlighted for discussion: water footprint and agriculture, quantification of water footprint, industrial water footprint, and from theory to practice. Discussion was organized to focus on the "prioritization of water footprint research & applications to practical sectors". The concept of water footprinting has helped to better communicate water management and assessment among different research and user communities. Significant research progress has been made in the relations between water footprint and agriculture, quantification of water footprint, industrial water footprint, and the transition from theory to practice. Future water footprint research needs to further enhance assessment accuracy, improve sustainability assessment methodology, develop databases, address uncertainties, and prioritize application by government and in practical sectors. More information on the symposium can be found on the water@leeds website: http://***/conferences/2013/water-footprint-symposium. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Agriculture

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Decision analysis frameworks for life-cycle impact assessment

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Journal of Industrial Ecology 2001年第4期5卷 45-68页

作者： Seppälä, Jyri Basson, Lauren Norris, Gregory A. Environ-mental Technology Program Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland Centre for Risk Environment Systems Technology and Analysis (CRESTA) Department of Chemical Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Sylvatica North Berwick ME United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program Harvard University School of Public Health Boston MA United States Complex Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham NH United States Finnish Environment Institute SF-00251 Helsinki Kesäkatu 6 Finland

Life-cycle impact assessments (LCIAs) are complex because they almost always involve uncertain consequences relative to multiple criteria. Several authors have noticed that this is precisely the sort of problem addressed by methods of decision analysis. Despite several experiences of using multiple-attribute decision analysis (MADA) methods in LCIA, the possibilities of MADA methods in LCIA are rather poorly elaborated in the field of life-cycle assessment. In this article we provide an overview of the commonly used MADA methods and discuss LCIA in relation to them. The article also presents how different frames and tools developed by the MADA community can be applied in conducting LCIAs. Although the exact framing of LCIA using decision analysis still merits debate, we show that the similarities between generic decision analysis steps and their LCIA counterparts are clear. Structuring of an assessment problem according to a value tree offers a basis for the definition of impact categories and classification. Value trees can thus be used to ensure that all relevant impact categories and interventions are taken into account in the appropriate manner. The similarities between multiattribute value theory (MAVT) and the current calculation rule applied in LCIA mean that techniques, knowledge, and experiences derived from MAVT can be applied to LCIA. For example, MAVT offers a general solution for the calculation of overall impact values and it can be applied to help discern sound from unsound approaches to value measurement, normalization, weighting, and aggregation in the LCIA model. In addition, the MAVT framework can assist in the methodological development of LCIA because of its well-established theoretical foundation. The relationship between MAVT and the current LCIA methodology does not preclude application of other MADA methods in the context of LCIA. A need exists to analyze the weaknesses and the strengths of different multiple-criteria decision analysis metho

关键词： Decision analysis Life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) Methods Multiple attribute Multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) Normalization

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Field Scale Simulation of Drainage Water Management Using Swat+: Analysis on the Model Performance, Intra Field Variability, Climate Variability, and Viability for Eastern South Dakota

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Sharma, Abhinav McDaniel, Rachel Mehan, Sushant Arnold, Jeff Trooien, Todd Sammons, Nancy Amegbletor, Louis Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States NOAA/NWS/OWP/National Water Center TuscaloosaAL35401 United States Biological Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin – Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTX76502 United States Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering BrookingsSD57007 United States Environmental Systems Graduate Program University of California Merced MercedCA95343 United States

In this study, the autoDWM module developed to simulate Drainage Water Management (DWM) for the restructured version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) was tested for a field site in eastern South Dakota. One half of the site was under DWM (eastern half), and the other (western half) was under conventional drainage. Next, multiple runs were used to quantify the impact of intra field, and climate variability on DWM performance, and discuss the applicability of DWM for the study region. SWAT+ produced satisfactory results for a daily time step simulation of tile flow during the model calibration period, 2016 and 2017 (East: NSE = 0.82, PBIAS = -26.8, RSR = 0.42;West: NSE = 0.75, PBIAS = -30.5, RSR = 0.5) and model validation period, 2018 (East: NSE = 0.71, PBIAS = -17, RSR = 0.55;West: NSE = 0.81, PBIAS = -4.6, RSR = 0.44). Results for the 10-year implementation period (2009 - 2018) showed that on average DWM resulted in a 6.5 mm annual tile flow reduction with an average deviation of ± 1.7 mm due to intra field variability. Precipitation had a profound effect on DWM performance during early summer months through the end of each cropping season. Conversely, temperature dominated tile flows during spring when snowmelt resulted in tile flow. Throughout the implementation period, annual tile flow reductions varied from -24 to +36 mm suggesting a combined effect of both precipitation and temperature. Overall, DWM resulted in a cumulative reduction of 63 lbs in N export from the field at an operational cost averaging $0.8 per pound N removed per year per acre. Results from the study successfully explored the variation in DWM performance on a field scale setup and is pivotal in spearheading the adoptability campaign by stakeholders and policymakers in the region. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate models

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Automated integration of continental-scale observations in near-real time for simulation and analysis of biosphere-atmosphere interactions 17th

Automated integration of continental-scale observations in n...

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17th Smoky Mountains Computational Sciences and engineering Conference, SMC 2020

作者： Durden, David J. Metzger, Stefan Chu, Housen Collier, Nathan Davis, Kenneth J. Desai, Ankur R. Kumar, Jitendra Wieder, William R. Xu, Min Hoffman, Forrest M. National Ecological Observatory Network Program Battelle BoulderCO80301 United States Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53706 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94702 United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Bredesen Center University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO80307 United States Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030633929

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a continental-scale observatory with sites across the US collecting standardized ecological observations that will operate for multiple decades. To maximize the utility of NEON data, we envision edge computing systems that gather, calibrate, aggregate, and ingest measurements in an integrated fashion. Edge systems will employ machine learning methods to cross-calibrate, gap-fill and provision data in near-real time to the NEON Data Portal and to High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, running ensembles of Earth system models (ESMs) that assimilate the data. For the first time gridded EC data products and response functions promise to offset pervasive observational biases through evaluating, benchmarking, optimizing parameters, and training new machine learning parameterizations within ESMs all at the same model-grid scale. Leveraging open-source software for EC data analysis, we are already building software infrastructure for integration of near-real time data streams into the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) package for use by the wider research community. We will present a perspective on the design and integration of end-to-end infrastructure for data acquisition, edge computing, HPC simulation, analysis, and validation, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches are used throughout the distributed workflow to improve accuracy and computational performance. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Data acquisition

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Is a Simulation better than Teleoperation for Acquiring Human Manipulation Skill Data?

Is a Simulation better than Teleoperation for Acquiring Huma...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Donghyeon Kim Seong-Su Park Kwang-Hyun Lee Dongheui Lee Jee-Hwan Ryu Robotics Program Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Applied Science Research Institute Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Autonomous Systems Technische Universitat Wien (TU Wien) Vienna Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350377705

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377712

This study explores the feasibility of using simulations as a better interface to collect human object manipulation skills for learning from demonstrations (LfD). Recently, numerous researchers have started introducing teleoperation systems to acquire human manipulation skills. However, capturing the subtle, force-involved interaction skills of humans in teleoperation is still challenging due to its inherent dynamic delays and feedback transparency. This research evaluates the effectiveness of demonstration data obtained through simulation versus teleoperation. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, tasks such as plane cutting, tight peg-in-hole, and deformable pipe plugging were performed to assess the quality of demonstrations acquired. The experimental results highlight the effectiveness of demonstration through simulation in capturing the operator’s force-involved interaction skills. Simulation creates an environment similar to performing tasks with bare hands by minimising dynamic delays due to the exclusion of physical robots and effectively rendering high stiffness. As a result, the demonstration through simulation method has proven effective in extracting interaction data and capturing physical task performance skills.

关键词： Hands Dynamics Rendering (computer graphics) Data models Delays Data mining Intelligent robots

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NAVAL LITHIUM BATTERY SAFETY program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 260-266页

作者： SHULER, SC MORANSKI, JW Stanley C. Shuler:is manager of the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Tri-State University in 1971 and served as an active duty naval aviator for seven years. After joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1980 Mr. Shuler was responsible for establishing the Lithium Battery Safety Program for the Navy Sonobuoy Program and provided lithium battery test and engineering support to various Navy/DoD programs for over eight years. Recently Mr. Shuler assisted the Naval Sea Systems Command in creating updated policy for the Naval Lithium Battery Safety Program and was instrumental in establishing Crane as the fleet engineering support agent for lithium batteries. Currently he is developing routine and emergency disposal procedures and methods for Navy-wide users of lithium batteries in support of the Naval Sea Systems Command. John W. Moranski:is a supervisory electrical engineer in the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in 1984. Mr. Moranski has been responsible for several lithium battery developmental testing projects since joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1985. The projects Mr. Moranski has been responsible for involved lithium battery pack design environmental testing discharge performance testing and safety evaluation testing. Currently he is participating in lithium battery powered systems safety reviews with the Naval Sea Systems Command Safety Division.

The stringent performance requirements of present and future naval battery powered systems necessitate the use of advanced lithium batteries with extended energy and life characteristics. In recent years, battery manufacturers in the United States and various foreign nations have been developing new lithium batteries using lithium metal anodes coupled with either carbon monofluoride (CF) x , sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), thionyl chloride (SOCI 2 ) or other cathode materials. These batteries represent a major breakthrough as primary power sources and provide certain unique advantages over conventional electrochemical systems. The advantages are: (1) a substantial increase in specific energy, (2) higher operating cell voltage, (3) low temperature operation and (4) projected long shelf life. While lithium batteries in general offer five to ten times the specific energy of conventional systems, each design differs from the other in its level of performance and in its hazards. The Naval Lithium Battery Safety program addresses these hazards within the areas of acquisition, design, use, packaging, storage, transportation, and disposal. The safety program also establishes minimum safety test requirements for lithium batteries in lithium battery powered equipment when used by the Navy or on Navy facilities.

关键词： Electric Batteries

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Cufe2o4@Ncnts-Functionalized Ceramic Microfiltration Membrane for Antibiotic Oxidation and Fouling Control Via Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Reaction

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Zixin Huang, Guohe Li, Yongping Yao, Yao Zhang, Peng Chen, Xiujuan Ren, Shaojie Luo, Yifei Zhang, Yuanzheng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control China-Canada Center for Energy Environment and Ecology Research UR-BNU School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaS4S 0A2 Canada Department of Civil Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington ArlingtonTX United States Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing102206 China

Herein, we reported an electrocatalytic ceramic microfiltration membrane functionalized with CuFe2O4 nanoparticles supported by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). The synergistic catalysis between Fe and Cu induced a continuous ·OH generation. The active Fe(II) and Cu(I) sites decomposed the in-situ generated H2O2 into ·OH. The electron transfer from the external circuit and Cu(I) to Fe(III) drove the regeneration of Fe(II). The interfacial electron transfer from CuFe2O4 to NCNTs decreased the electron density of Fe and Cu, thus facilitating the redox cycles of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I). Furthermore, the Fe and Cu sites at the interface of CuFe2O4 and NCNTs displayed a superior ability to non-interface sites in producing ·OH. At near-neutral pH, the electrocatalytic membrane delivered excellent tetracycline removal kinetics (0.0134 min-1) and significantly alleviated the organic fouling occurring on the membrane. These findings shed new light on the development of new-generation membranes with catalytic oxidation capabilities for water treatment. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antibiotics

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