Precision farming is an optimized management farming scheme that seeks to link the real-time needs of crops with the nutrients to be administered. Sensing platforms that can monitor the physiological status of crops i...
Precision farming is an optimized management farming scheme that seeks to link the real-time needs of crops with the nutrients to be administered. Sensing platforms that can monitor the physiological status of crops in situ are key to enabling timely and localized interventions. However, the underdevelopment of plant sensing strategies limits the potential of precision farming. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and advancements in phyto-monitoring, focusing on strategies that are applicable to a wide range of plant species and suitable for field deployment. We explore species-agnostic sensors, including optical and electrochemical sensors, whose operation is based on principles that are widely applicable to all plant species. These platforms enable real-time monitoring of the physiological state of crops by assessing key biomarkers, such as plant hormones, and metabolites such as salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. Evaluating these systems, we conclude that an integrative sensing approach is necessary to compensate for the limitations of the individual methods and can provide a holistic view of crop health. Cost-effective species-agnostic sensors are thus needed to provide information that can be used to minimize the resource footprint of farming and meet the growing global demand.
Extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and typhoons, are becoming more frequent due to climate change and can significantly impact coastal microbial communities. This study examines the short-term alterations ...
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Several international agreements developed during the past decade have emphasized the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to delay or reverse the current global warming cycle. Carbon dioxide, as an abundant, global ...
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Several international agreements developed during the past decade have emphasized the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to delay or reverse the current global warming cycle. Carbon dioxide, as an abundant, global greenhouse gas, has been pegged as the chief villain in global warming. Much of the carbon sequestration research has focused on the largest plants, trees. The goal of this work is to reinforce the idea that planting trees in urban areas and along rural roads can make a measurable difference in air quality.
environmental planning and policy analysis, design and implementation are complicated by the fact that environmental problems are almost always part of a complex sociotechnical system, the behaviour of which is not in...
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Nuclear power has a troubled past and the future remains uncertain. There are significant uncertainties regarding crucial elements of future large-scale expansion of the use of civilian nuclear power, including nuclea...
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Nuclear power has a troubled past and the future remains uncertain. There are significant uncertainties regarding crucial elements of future large-scale expansion of the use of civilian nuclear power, including nuclear power proliferation, safety, and waste management. Wider uncertainties include nuclear power's potential to help in averting the growing risks of dangerous climate change. The nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945 heralded the arrival of nuclear power. No other energy technology has made such as an impact on the human mind as an astounding source of military power and foreign policy strength. This technology currently supplies 22% of electricity in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and 6% in developing countries. The solution to have a positive future for nuclear power technology is to frame decision making in order to best manage the challenges nuclear power presents.
In-situ bioremediation is one of the effective technologies for cleaning up petroleum-contaminated sites. To improve efficiencies of conventional bioremediation processes, biosurfactant treatment has received much att...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780784410721
In-situ bioremediation is one of the effective technologies for cleaning up petroleum-contaminated sites. To improve efficiencies of conventional bioremediation processes, biosurfactant treatment has received much attention due to the surface-activity, biodegradability and low toxicity of biosurfactants. In this study, an integrated mathematical modeling system was developed for simulating the biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation (BEB) processes under typical Canadian site condition. The model included modules of multiphase multicomponent flow and transport, biological degradation, and biosurfactant-enhanced remediation. A pilot-scale physical modeling system, with Rhamnolipid being used as biosurfactant, is designed to simulate the BEB process. The study results demonstrated that the developed mathematical model is effective in examining the coupled effects of biodégradation and biosurfactant-enhancement within a multiphase multicomponent transport framework, and can be used for supporting management of petroleum-contaminated sites under cold climate conditions. Copyright ASCE 2009.
In this study, an interval-fuzzy two-stage stochastic linear programming (IFTSLP) method is developed for planning waste-management systems under uncertainty. In the IFTSLP, approaches of two-stage stochastic programm...
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In this study, an interval-fuzzy two-stage stochastic linear programming (IFTSLP) method is developed for planning waste-management systems under uncertainty. In the IFTSLP, approaches of two-stage stochastic programming, interval-parameter programming, and fuzzy linear programming are integrated into a general optimization framework to effectively tackle uncertainties described in terms of probability density functions, fuzzy membership functions and discrete intervals. The IFTSLP method can incorporate pre-regulated waste management policies directly into its optimization process, and be used for analyzing various policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of economic penalties when the promised policy targets are violated. It can also help quantify the satisfaction degrees of the system objective and constraints under uncertainty, as defined by optë± in the obtained solutions. The IFTSLP model can be transformed into two deterministic submodels based on an interactive algorithm. Interval solutions, which are stable in the given decision space with varying levels of system-failure risk, can then be obtained by solving the two submodels sequentially. Then, the developed method is applied to a case study of waste allocation within a municipal solid waste management system. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They can be used to generate decision alternatives and help MSW managers to identify desired policies under various environmental, economic, and system-reliability conditions.
作者:
Sussman, Joseph M.Sgouridis, Sgouris P.Ward, John L.Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering Systems Division 1-163 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 United States Technology
Management and Policy Program Engineering Systems Division 1-151 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 United States
The complex large-scale integrated open systems (CLIOS) process is an overarching mechanism for considering systems, especially those exhibiting nested complexity, in which both the physical and the institutional aspe...
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The complex large-scale integrated open systems (CLIOS) process is an overarching mechanism for considering systems, especially those exhibiting nested complexity, in which both the physical and the institutional aspects are complex. A special case of the CLIOS process is regional strategic transportation planning. New technologies, such as intelligent transportation systems, allow consideration of the planning, management, operations, and maintenance of transportation systems at the regional scale. Although the technological issues in advancing to this scale have proved tractable, the institutional issues concerned with deploying these systems across political jurisdictions with different measures of performance and different cultural perspectives has proved quite difficult. This paper explores processes for studying these institutional questions and integrating a number of concepts into the process: technological change, sustainability, real options, supply chain management, the various transport modes, and social, political, and economic factors. The paper serves as a case study of tailoring the CLIOS process into a process specifically designed to systematically address particular issues, in this case, regional strategic transportation planning.
• We need to develop a framework for tracking progress towards alignment with a circular economy for the life cycles of solar PV and lithium-ion batteries - as well as other products. • This framework needs to be expl...
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Complex interactions among components of a watershed system necessitate the evaluation of management options within a watershed framework in order to realize the full impact of management decisions. A generic optimiza...
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