Complex watershed models with decision support systems (DSS) have been developed to aid in integrated water resources management (IWRM) and sustainable water supply planning. Detailed simulation models are important i...
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Biosurfactants produced by microbial activities may potentially promote efficiency of solid waste composting. A study was performed to characterize the effect of biosurfactant on solid waste biodegradation during a co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1894662040
Biosurfactants produced by microbial activities may potentially promote efficiency of solid waste composting. A study was performed to characterize the effect of biosurfactant on solid waste biodegradation during a composting process. Solid waste was shredded then treated in a 8-L batch reactor. Biosurfactant production, characteristics and maturity degree were monitored every day throughout the process. Biosurfactant was examined on the basis of surface tension and emulsification capacity. The maturity degree was evaluated by measuring indices including C/N, CHA (Humic acid carbon) and CFA (fulvic acid carbon). With the experimental results, the impact of biosurfactant production on compost maturity was studied, which provided important implications in understanding mechanisms of solid waste composting. This research output was also proved to be valuable for improving the composting efficiency and providing technical support for waste management.
Subsurface contamination by light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) such as hydrocarbon spill and leakage is a serious problem in North America. Following release of hydrocarbons in the subsurface, significant amounts...
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Subsurface contamination by light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) such as hydrocarbon spill and leakage is a serious problem in North America. Following release of hydrocarbons in the subsurface, significant amounts of the fluid are trapped in soil by capillary forces and in saturated zone due to slow groundwater flow. Removal of these trapped free phase LNAPLs is critical because it will not only provide the possibility for complete cleaning up but also prevent further contamination and thus potential environment/public health risks. Estimation for volume of these trapped free LNAPLs is the first step before any further studies or actions can be undertaken. In this study, an integrated approach is employed for estimating LNAPLs distribution in porous media at a site located in western Canada. The site has one original release source that is a flare pit. Spilled petroleum products in past two decades seriously contaminated the on-site soil and groundwater. More than ten monitoring wells are located around the emission sources. At most of them, free phase LNAPLs have been found since early 1980s. Result of this case study reveals that soil properties and site heterogeneous characteristics have significant impacts on the spreading of contaminants and thus oil volume estimation. The LNAPLs in subsurface do not simply present themselves as a distinct layer floating over a capillary fringe. In general, this proposed method could serve as an effective and convenient tool for obtaining reasonable estimation of residual oil volume in subsurface. The results offer insight into the contamination details and are useful for further modeling and remediation studies.
This paper describes methodological development of an intuitive river-pollution index (RPI) to allow assessment of priorities for water quality management in a river basin. The proposed RPI improves upon existing appr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1894662040
This paper describes methodological development of an intuitive river-pollution index (RPI) to allow assessment of priorities for water quality management in a river basin. The proposed RPI improves upon existing approaches as it is directly linked to water quality criteria and designated water uses, and reflects the importance of different water uses in a given reach. The RPI ranges from 1 (ideal water quality) to 5 (worst water quality) for various water-use categories. Through this technique, two types of RPIs can be generated for a river basin: (a) an RPI for each water-use category and (b) weighted RPI. Following the development of the technique, concepts of plan efficiency index (PEI) and benefit/cost (B/C) ratio are introduced to make comparisons of management plans more intuitive. Applicability of the developed RPI is illustrated by applying to a number of examples. Reasonable results have been obtained demonstrating that the proposed RPI is a useful tool for not only rating water quality but also ranking management plans.
Bioremediation is an emerging technology that helps clean up soil and groundwater, which are contaminated with petroleum products. This study investigates the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated subsurface in a w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1894662040
Bioremediation is an emerging technology that helps clean up soil and groundwater, which are contaminated with petroleum products. This study investigates the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated subsurface in a western Canadian context. Screening and enhancement of gasoline degradable local psychrophilic microorganism strains are conducted for the soil samples acquired from petroleum-contaminated sites and yard compost. Four purified strains obtained through the process are applied in batch experiments to determine their performance under various conditions. A factorial design is then conducted with four factors (nutrient richness, inoculation amount, temperature, clay/silt content) at two levels. The results show that clay/silt has the highest negative effect on degradability of the microorganism followed by temperature with positive effect. Validation of these results is being processed in a pilot-scale physical model and on a practical site with one- and six-month experimentation periods, respectively.
In this study, a multistage scenario-based inexact fuzzy-stochastic chance-constrained programming (MSIFSCCP) is proposed for water resources management under uncertainty. The developed a hybrid inexact optimization a...
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) is emerging as a method of creating, sharing, exchanging and managing the building information throughout the lifecycle between all stakeholders. Radio Frequency Identification (RF...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781634398978
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is emerging as a method of creating, sharing, exchanging and managing the building information throughout the lifecycle between all stakeholders. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), on the other hand, has emerged as an automatic data collection and information storage technology, and has been used in different applications in the AECOO (Architecture, engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator) industry. In our previous research, RFID is proposed to be used to store lifecycle and context aware information taken from a BIM during the lifecycle as a distributed database. Furthermore, RFID tags can be considered as components of the constructed facility. Consequently, there is a need for a standard and formal definition of RFID technology components in BIM. The research goal of this paper is to propose adding the definitions for RFID technology to the BIM standard and to map the data to be stored on RFID memory to associated entries in a BIM database. A requirements' gathering and conceptual design are performed to add new entities, data types, and properties. Furthermore, the paper identifies relationships between RFID tags and building assets. It provides the opportunity to interrelate BIM data and RFID data using predefined relationships. Eventually, the data related to objects that are required to be saved on RFID tags can be automatically selected using defined relationships in a BIM. To explore the technical feasibility of the proposed approach, a case study has been implemented and tested using available BIM software.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) was established in 1950 as an Independent Agency of the Federal Government with the broad mission to promote and advance scientific progress in the U.S. This is accomplished prima...
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An interval two-stage stochastic linear programming (ITSLP) model for optimal water pollution management at the watershed scale was developed. The modeling framework is established by incorporating the concept of two-...
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An interval two-stage stochastic linear programming (ITSLP) model for optimal water pollution management at the watershed scale was developed. The modeling framework is established by incorporating the concept of two-stage stochastic programming within an interval-parameter optimization framework. The model can deal with the decision problem in water pollution management under random runoff and streamflow for a water pollution management scheme through minimizing the net direct expenditure on pollution abatement. The constraints included in the model were environmental capacity, farmland, domestic waste water treatment, rural wastes treatment, soil erosion, slope lands, land coverage, lake riparian vegetation buffer and technical constraint. The ITSLP model may help decision maker develop optimal watershed water pollution management strategies.
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