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Impact of Building Design and Operating Strategies on Urban Heat Island Effects Part II: Sensitivity Analysis

Journal of engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities 2024年第3期5卷 031005页

作者： Ameer, Baqer Krarti, Moncef Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Building Systems Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder 80309 CO United States Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Safat 13109 Kuwait

This study investigates the mutual thermal interactions between buildings and the microclimate within urban area centers. Buildings are the primary energy consumers in cities, and one of the main causes of the urban heat island (UHI) formation. In this article, a flexible simulation environment is developed and used to model the mutual thermal interactions between building energy systems and their urban surroundings in Phoenix, AZ, characterized by its hot climate. The impacts of various operating strategies for both commercial and residential buildings are assessed on both UHI effects and energy consumption. Specifically, the study evaluates the impacts of indoor temperature settings, precooling strategies, and air infiltration/exfiltration rates. It has been found that heat rejected by air conditioning systems significantly impacts UHI formation in urban centers located in hot climates. Specifically, commercial buildings were found to cause more UHI effects than residential buildings due to higher cooling loads. The impacts of heat rejected from heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are found to be more dominant than that from air exfiltration on the microclimate of urban centers. For urban center made up of commercial buildings with a street aspect ratio of 2, heat from air exfiltration is estimated to be as low as 10% of the heat rejected by HVAC systems. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： air conditioning air infiltration building energy efficiency cities precooling controls temperature settings thermal mass urban heat island

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Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Adverse Birth Outcomes: Results from the Korean Children's environmental Health Study (Ko-Chens)

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Oh, Jongmin Shah, Surabhi Lee, Kyung A. Park, Eunkyo Lee, Dong-Wook Hong, Yun-Chul Song, Sanghwan Kim, Sung Yeon Park, Huibyeol Ha, Eunhee Kim, Suejin Park, Choonghee Song, Sanghwan Lee, Jueun Park, Huibyeol Jo, JungHeum Jung, A-Ra Yu, Seung Do Kim, Hyun Jeong Jung, Soon-Won Hong, Sooyeon Seo, Heung Won Hwang, Namkyoung Kang, Tack Shin Jeong, Dong Jin Lee, Seungjune Kim, Hwan-Cheol Jeong, Kyoung Sook Kim, Byungmi Lee, Seulbi Kim, Hyesook Kook, Hoon Baek, Hee Jo Moon, Jai Dong Park, Won Ju Shin, Myung-Geun Ha, Mina Paik, Ki-Chung Kwon, Ho-Jang Lim, Myung-Ho Yoo, Seung Jin Bae, Sanghyuk Kim, Jin Kyung Bae, Jisuk Hong, Young-Seoub Kim, Yu-Mi Son, Hyunjin Park, Mi-Hye Lim, Dae Hyun Kim, Jeong Hee Hong, Sung-Chul Lee, Keun Hwa Kim, Su-Young Kim, Woo Jin Na, Sunghun Lim, Myoung-Nam Yoo, Young Song, Dae Jin Lee, Jue Seong Yoon, Wonsuck Choe, Seung-Ah Kim, Seunghyun Choung, Ji Tae Kim, Sukyung Kim, Jihyun Ahn, Kangmo Hong, Yun-Chul Choi, Baek-Yong Ryoo, Seung-Woo Son, Seok-Yoon Lee, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Dong-Wook Woo, KuckHyeun Yoon, Seong Yong Hur, Jongil Choi, Kyung-Hwa Park, Myung-Sook Lee, Seung-Hwa Chu, Yeonhee Kim, Jung-Ah Kim, Yangho Lee, Jiho Sim, Chang Sun Kim, A. Ram Oh, Inbo Department of Environmental Medicine School of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of College of Medicine Ewha Womans University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Human Systems Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Hospital Inha University Incheon Korea Republic of Institute of Environmental Medicine Medical Research Center Seoul National University Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon Korea Republic of Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Ewha Medical Research Institute College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Environmental Health Research Division Department of Environmental Health Research National Institute of Environmental Research Ministry of Environment Incheon Korea Republic of Environmental Health Policy Division Office of Environmental Health Ministry of Environment Sejong Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Wonju College of Medicine Yonsei University Wonju Korea Republic of Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Control Institute National Cancer Center Goyang Korea Republic of Department of Big Data Strategy National Health Insurance Service Wonju Korea Republic of Department of Food and Nutrition Wonkwang University Iksan Korea Republic of Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer Department of Pediatrics Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital Hwasun Korea Republic of Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer Department of Occupational and

Objectives Although previous epidemiological studies have reported the effects of fetal exposure to phthalates and phenols on birth outcomes, evidence is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals [EDCs;phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA)] is associated with birth outcomes and whether there are sex-specific *** We used data from the Korean CHildren’s environmental health Study (Ko-CHENS) cohort. Exposure to phthalates and BPA was measured by urine tests, and the information on outcomes and confounders was obtained from delivery records, biomarker assessment, and a self-reported questionnaire. We performed multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between exposure to individual EDCs and each birth outcome. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of EDC mixture exposure, we performed weighted quantile sum regression analysis. Subgroup analysis stratified by maternal age and sex at birth was performed to examine potential differences in *** This study included 2,176 mother-child pairs from the Ko-CHENS. We observed a significant association between the risk of PTB and exposure to BPA during early pregnancy and mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) during late pregnancy, with odds ratios of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.62), respectively. Additionally, there was a positive association between exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy and the risk of LBW (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89). For male infants, exposure to MCOP during early pregnancy was associated with the risk of LBW (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.43, 4.15), and exposure to MCOP during late pregnancy was associated with the risk of PTB (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.02).Conclusions This study presents quantitative evidence for the association between prenatal exposure to EDCs, especially BPA and MCOP, and PTB/LBW. Moreover, the effect was particularly pronounced for older mothers (≥35 years) an

关键词： Obstetrics

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Sizing the navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2000年第6期112卷 17-25页

作者： Breslin, DA Smith, DE Toms, GS [?]1David A. Breslin P.E. is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the Chairperson of ASNE'S Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science degree in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) a master of engineering administration degree in industrial and systems engineering from VPI and a bachelor of engineering degree in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command'S CFC & Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy'S strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”.

The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. ne Navy has adopted a successful strategy for addressing the threat posed by the unavailability of ODSs. That strategy includes relying on a strategic reserve of ODSs. Considering that the strategic reserve will play a critical role in sustained fleet operations well into the next century, it is important to record the history of the reserve and to document lessons learned in order to educate future generations that may be faced with similar challenges. This is the second of three papers that will cover all aspects of the Navy's strategic reserve of ODSs. The first paper documented the history of the Navy's effort to size, establish, and monitor a reserve designed to support fleet operations until-the middle of the next century (1). This paper addresses in detail the process used to estimate the required size of the reserve, including the survey method, statistical analyses, and sizing algorithms. The third paper will discuss the development of the plan for monitoring the reserve including the control mechanisms, regression methods, and statistical-process-control techniques (2).

关键词： Survey Methodology Fleet management Refrigerants Ozone depleting substances strategic reserves

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Correction to: environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024

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Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 2025年第5期24卷 2025 May 8页

作者： Patrick J Neale Samuel Hylander Anastazia T Banaszak Donat-P Häder Kevin C Rose Davide Vione Sten-Åke Wängberg Marcel A K Jansen Rosa Busquets Mads P Sulbæk Andersen Sasha Madronich Mark L Hanson Tamara Schikowski Keith R Solomon Barbara Sulzberger Timothy J Wallington Anu M Heikkilä Krishna K Pandey Anthony L Andrady Laura S Bruckman Christopher C White Liping Zhu Germar H Bernhard Alkiviadis Bais Pieter J Aucamp Gabriel Chiodo Raúl R Cordero Irina Petropavlovskikh Rachel E Neale Catherine M Olsen Simon Hales Aparna Lal Gareth Lingham Lesley E Rhodes Antony R Young T Matthew Robson Sharon A Robinson Paul W Barnes Janet F Bornman Anna B Harper Hanna Lee Roy Mackenzie Calderón Rachele Ossola Nigel D Paul Laura E Revell Qing-Wei Wang Richard G Zepp Environmental Research Center Smithsonian Institution Edgewater MD USA. Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems Linnaeus University Kalmar Sweden. Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Puerto Morelos Mexico. Biology Friedrich-Alexander-University (Retired) Erlangen Germany. Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA. Department of Chemistry University of Turin Turin Italy. Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gotheburg Sweden. School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kingston University London Kingston Upon Thames UK. Civil Environmental & Geomatic Engineering University College London London UK. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge CA USA. Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark. Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA. USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program Colorado State University Fort. Collins CO USA. Department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada. Working Group Environmental Epidemiology IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf Germany. Department of Environment and Health School of Public Health University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany. School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada. Retired From Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland. Center for Sustainable Systems School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Climate Research Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki Finland. Indian Academy of Wood Science Bengaluru India. Chemical and Bi

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Using controlled experiments to calibrate computer models: The Airplane Game as a lean simulation exercise

Using controlled experiments to calibrate computer models: T...

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16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC16

作者： Rybkowski, Zofia K. Wong, John-Michael Ballard, Glenn Tommelein, Iris D. Engineering and Project Management Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1712 United States Structural Engineering Mechanics and Materials Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1710 United States Project Production Systems Laboratory United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 215-A McLaughlin Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781905732456

Simulation games may be used to introduce lean principles to those who are considering implementing them. However, they can also function as controlled experiments against which to calibrate a computer model and they can even be adapted to serve as the gold standard of scientific experimentation, the randomized-controlled trial. Results generated from a live playing of the Airplane Game validate an EZStrobe computer-based simulation model representing one part of the game. Close alignment of results suggests that the computer model will likely be able to accurately predict outcomes from similarly structured, real life activities, such as those encountered in a design office or on a construction site.

关键词： Discrete event simulation

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Experimental and numerical investigation of a BIPV system

Experimental and numerical investigation of a BIPV system

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Solar World Congress 2005: Bringing Water to the World, Including 34th ASES Annual Conference and 30th National Passive Solar Conference

作者： Liao, Liang Athienitis, Andreas Park, Kwang-Wook Poissant, Yves Dept. of Building Civil and Environmental Engineering Concordia University Montreal QC Canada CETC Varennes - PV and Hybrid Systems Program Natural Resources Canada Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781622762637

This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of a building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPV/T) system, which generates both electricity and thermal energy. It also describes an outdoor test facility that has been developed for testing BIPV/T systems for facades. Two side-by-side test sections are utilized to compare different façade concepts. Experimental and analytical results are presented, as well as preliminary results from a computational study aimed at determining heat transfer coefficients in the BIPV system cavity. These coefficients are used in a simpler analytical model to predict thermal behavior and PV temperatures - with acceptable results for design.

关键词： Heat transfer

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Corrigendum to “Towards equitable and sustainable indoor air quality guidelines – A perspective on mandating indoor air quality for public buildings” [Indoor Environ. 2 1 (2025) 100070]

Indoor Environments

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Indoor Environments 2025年第1期2卷

作者： Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy Marzenna R. Dudzinska Samy Clinchard Sani Dimitroulopoulou Xiaojun Fan Piet Jacobs Henna Maula Amelia Staszowska Oluyemi Toyinbo Ju-Hyeong Park Civil Engineering Research Unit Faculty of Technology The University of Oulu Finland Indoor Air Program The Russell School of Chemical Engineering The University of Tulsa OK USA Faculty of Environmental Engineering Lublin University of Technology Poland Air Quality & Public Health Group Environmental Hazards and Emergencies Department RCCE UK Health Security Agency UK Chair of Architecture and Building Systems Institute of Technology in Architecture ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Building & Energy Systems TNO Delft the Netherlands Built Environment Research Group Turku University of Applied Sciences Turku Finland Respiratory Health Division CDC/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health USA

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Optimizing building design for daylighting

Optimizing building design for daylighting

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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2013

作者： Futrell, Benjamin J. Ozelkan, Ertunga C. School of Architecture Infrastructure and Environmental Systems Ph.D. Program University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 United States Systems Engineering and Engineering Management University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762423

We address the challenging problem of optimizing building design to minimize lighting loads, which is one of the two largest sources of energy consumption in buildings, besides thermal (heating and cooling) loads. Judiciously designed building envelopes, which employ daylight harvesting characteristics, can reduce these loads by 50%. Robust and validated lighting tools exist for the performance evaluation of building designs;however, they are not commonly used to explore the performance of many design alternatives. In practice, their use is often limited to validating one or several designs. Building design optimization programs have been developed;however, most of these tools focus exclusively on the optimization of envelope thermal loads or use simple, outdated lighting evaluation methods. The inclusion of rigorous holistic lighting performance evaluation for optimization is important because lighting energy represents about 40% of the total electricity used by commercial buildings. We present a new methodology, using state-of-the-art dynamic climate-based lighting simulations and the COMPLEX Method of Constrained Optimization, to optimize building design for daylighting performance. The results indicate that the design space region of optimum performance can be found quickly, but converge is sometimes slow.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Optimizing building envelope component design for thermal and lighting performance

Optimizing building envelope component design for thermal an...

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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2014

作者： Futrell, Benjamin J. Ozelkan, Ertunga C. School of Architecture Infrastructure and Environmental Systems Ph.D. Program University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States Systems Engineering and Engineering Management University of North Carolina at Charlotte CharlotteNC28223 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762430

Judicious building design can significantly reduce energy required to heat, cool, and illuminate buildings, which accounts for approximately 30% of our nation's energy use. Building upon the authors' previous research on optimizing buildings for natural lighting, a novel approach to optimizing light and heat exchanges across the building envelope (i.e., exterior surfaces such as walls and windows) is proposed;a method is introduced that analyzes the magnitude of these exchanges across envelope components and how effectively they meet luminous and thermal requirements. Each design is evaluated on how its hourly heat transfer (conducted and radiated) impacts annual heating and cooling loads. In addition, window design is evaluated based on the ratio of actual to potential room area illuminated to a target threshold on an annual basis. This thermal and lighting evaluation approach forms the basis of a bi-objective building envelope optimization method. A simple classroom design problem is used as a case study. It is expected that this method will be superior to similar ones, which typically measure performance at the building level, thus aggregating and masking the effects of building envelope components on individual rooms (thermal zones).

关键词： Lighting

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The Effect of Air Cavity on Water Resistance of a High-Speed Ferry with a Several-Stepped Hull 33rd

The Effect of Air Cavity on Water Resistance of a High-Speed...

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33rd International Ocean and Polar engineering Conference, ISOPE 2023

作者： Anggriani, Andi Dian Eka Mutsuda, Hidemi Nakashima, Takuji Ardianti, Andi Baso, Suandar Transportation and Environmental System Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima-shi Higashihiroshima Japan Transportation and Environmental Systems Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima-shi Higashihiroshima Japan Naval Architecture Study Program Hasanuddin University South Sulawesi Gowa Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653807

A planing hull high-speed ferry with a stepped hull becomes a well-liked mode of water transportation for archipelago countries. On the other hand, the shape of steps on the bottom hull has not been recently taken into explicit consideration regarding the speed requirement and hydrodynamic properties. In this study, the step W shapes, were adopted to find the improved hydrodynamic performance in the planing conditions. To provide a more precise prediction of the pressure, velocity fields, and void fraction, the CFD was applied the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and coupled with Volume of Fluid Method (VOF) to capture air cavity The numerical conditions of the planing hull were trimmed by the stern with 2, and 3 degrees. This study discussed the air cavity that occurred behind the stepped area that can affect the hydrodynamic behaviour. © 2023 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： Finite volume method

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