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International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics

作者： Liu, Hong-Jun Yu, Hong-Bin Ren, Qing-Sheng Lu, Hong-Tao Department of Computer Science and Engineering MOE-Microsoft Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424465262

Avoiding fatal accidents caused by low vigilance level in driving is very important in our daily lives. Electroencephalography(EEG) has been proved very effective for measuring the level of vigilance. In this paper, we distinguish vigilance level into three classes which are 'alert', 'fatigue' and 'sleeping' by using sparse representation classification(SRC). Six features from each frequency band are got from samples of EEG data. Random feature is used to reduce the dimension of features. Actually there is almost no training process before the classification. The accuracy in classification of three classes reaches about 90 % on average. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Using co-evolved RTS opponents to teach spatial tactics

Using co-evolved RTS opponents to teach spatial tactics

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG

作者： Greg Smith Phillipa Avery Ramona Houmanfar Sushil Louis Evolutionary Computing Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Nevada Reno NV USA

This paper describes a co-evolutionary algorithm for generating simple spatially oriented tactics and considers whether students can learn better by playing against co-evolved opponents or by playing against an expert system or other similar hard-coded opponent. Although a number of artificially intelligent tutoring and e-learning systems exist, our work looks at using co-evolution to generate competent opponents for human students to learn from. This paper describes and discusses early results on using computationally intelligent opponents for tactical training of human students. Initial results indicate that the learning environment for human players, measured by game difficulty and transfer of training, is comparable across co-evolved and hard-coded computer opponents.

关键词： Games Boats Training Humans computers Artificial intelligence Biological cells

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Business modeling with the support of multiple notations in requirements engineering

Business modeling with the support of multiple notations in ...

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14th Pacific Asia Conference on Information systems, PACIS 2010

作者： Bhuiyan, Moshiur Krishna, Aneesh OptInfra Systems Australia Decision Systems Laboratory School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Department of Computing Faculty of Science and Engineering Curtin University of Technology Perth WA 6102 Australia

Requirements specification should not be concerned only with the software specification, but should also be able to integrate with the organizational models describing the environment in which the system will function. Agent-oriented conceptual modeling notations such as i* represents an interesting approach for modeling early phase requirements which includes organizational contexts, stakeholder intentions and rationale. Business Process Modeling notations such as BPMN are used to effectively conceptualize and communicate important process characteristics to relevant stakeholders. On the other hand, Unified Modeling Language (UML) is suitable for later phases of requirement capture which usually focus on completeness, consistency, and automated verification of functional requirements for the new system. In this paper, we illustrate the use of a methodology that facilitate and support the combined use of notation for modeling requirement engineering process in a synergistic fashion in a complex project for a large government department. The notations we used were i*, BPMN and UML Use Case.

关键词： Unified Modeling Language

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Flatten hierarchies for large-scale hierarchical text categorization

Flatten hierarchies for large-scale hierarchical text catego...

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International Conference on Digital Information Management

作者： Wang, Xiao-Lin Lu, Bao-Liang Center for Brain-Like Computing and Machine Intelligence Department of Computer Science and Engineering China MOE-Microsoft Key Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424475728

Hierarchies are very popular in organizing documents and web pages, hence automated hierarchical classification techniques are desired. However, the current dominant hierarchical approach of top-down method suffers accuracy decrease compared with flat classification approaches, because of error propagation and bottom nodes' data sparsity. In this paper we flatten hierarchies to relieve such accuracy decrease in top-down method, which aims to make hierarchies both effective enough to make large-scale classification tasks feasible, and simple enough to ensure high classification accuracy. We propose two flattening strategies based on these two causes of the accuracy decrease, and experimental results show that the flattening strategy designed for error propagation is more effective, which suggests that hierarchies with lots of branches at top layers can provide high classification accuracy. Besides, we analyze the computational complexity before and after flattening, which approximately agree with the experimental results. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Websites

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A translation framework for virtual execution environment on CPU/GPU architecture

A translation framework for virtual execution environment on...

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International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Programming

作者： Dong, Guoxing Chen, Kai Zhu, Erzhou Zhang, Yichao Qi, Zhengwei Guan, Haibing School of Software Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China School of Information Security Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543123

GPUs are many-core processors with tremendous computational power. However, as automatic parallelization has not been realized yet, developing high-performance parallel code for GPUs is still very challenging. The paper presents a novel translation framework designed for virtual execution environment based on CPU/GPU architecture. It addresses two major challenges of taking advantage of general purpose computation on graphics processing units (GPGPU) to improve performance: no rewriting the existing source code and resolving binary compatibility issues between different GPUs. The translation framework uses semi-automatic parallelization technology to port existing code to explicitly parallel programming models. It not only offers a mapping strategy from X86 platform to CUDA programming model, but also synchronizes the execution between the CPU and the GPUs. The input to our translation framework is parallelizable part of the program within binary code. With an additional information related to the parallelizable part, the translation framework transforms the sequential code into PTX code and execute it on GPUs. Experimental results on several programs from CUDA SDK Code Samples and Parboil Benchmark Suite show that our translation framework could achieve very high performance, even up to several tens of times speedup over the X86 native version. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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A unified character-based tagging framework for chinese word segmentation

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ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing 2010年第2期9卷 1–32页

作者： Zhao, Hai Huang, Chang-Ning Li, Mu. Lu, Bao-Liang Department of Computer Science and Engineering MOE-Microsoft Key Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China Language Computing Group Microsoft Research Asia 49 Zhichun Road Haidian District Beijing 100080 China

Chinese word segmentation is an active area in Chinese language processing though it is suffering from the argument about what precisely is a word in Chinese. Based on corpus-based segmentation standard, we launched this study. In detail, we regard Chinese word segmentation as a character-based tagging problem. We show that there has been a potent trend of using a character-based tagging approach in this field. In particular, learning from segmented corpus with or without additional linguistic resources is treated in a unified way in which the only difference depends on how the feature template set is selected. It differs from existing work in that both feature template selection and tag set selection are considered in our approach, instead of the previous feature template focus only technique. We show that there is a significant performance difference as different tag sets are selected. This is especially applied to a six-tag set, which is good enough for most current segmented corpora. The linguistic meaning of a tag set is also discussed. Our results show that a simple learning system with six n-gram feature templates and a six-tag set can obtain competitive performance in the cases of learning only from a training corpus. In cases when additional linguistic resources are available, an ensemble learning technique, assistant segmenter, is proposed and its effectiveness is verified. Assistant segmenter is also proven to be an effective method as segmentation standard adaptation that outperforms existing ones. Based on the proposed approach, our system provides state-of-the-art performance in all 12 corpora of three international Chinese word segmentation bakeoffs. © 2010 ACM 1530-0226/2010/06-ART5 $10.00.

关键词： Learning systems

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Comparative analysis of motor imagery on different scales based on brain computer interface

Comparative analysis of motor imagery on different scales ba...

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作者： Li, Junhua Zhang, Liqing Department of Computer Science and Engineering MOE-Microsoft Key Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

The event-related brain oscillatory responses have a substantial role in motor imagery experiments. There are two patterns, i.e. event-related desynchronization (ERD) and eventrelated synchronization (ERS). In clinical applications and scientific experiments, an obvious event-related potential (ERP) is pivotal to achieve required tasks. Therefore, we explore how subjects generate the obvious ERP more easily. Eight healthy subjects participated in the experiments and completed motor imagery on two different scales (index finger versus arm). The results indicate that the motor imagery of arm reaches the better performance compared with the motor imagery of index finger. Furthermore, we make a comparative analysis in averaged power spectrum in order to reveal inherent phenomenon. The analysis of power spectrum further confirms that arm motor imagery has an advantage over index finger motor imagery.

关键词： Brain computer interface

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Spectral and semidefinite relaxations of the CLUHSIC algorithm

Spectral and semidefinite relaxations of the CLUHSIC algorit...

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10th SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, SDM 2010

作者： Yang, Wen-Yun Kwok, James T. Lu, Bao-Liang University of California Los Angeles CA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China MOE-Microsoft Key Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

CLUHSIC is a recent clustering framework that unifies the geometric, spectral and statistical views of clustering. In this paper, we show that the recently proposed discriminative view of clustering, which includes the DIFFRAC and DisKmeans algorithms, can also be unified under the CLUH-SIC framework. Moreover, CLUHSIC involves integer programming and one has to resort to heuristics such as iterative local optimization. In this paper, we propose two relaxations that are much more disciplined. The first one uses spectral techniques while the second one is based on semidefinite programming (SDP). Experimental results on a number of structured clustering tasks show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing optimization methods for CLUHSIC. Moreover, it can also be used in semi-supervised classification. Experiments on real-world protein subcellu-lar localization data sets clearly demonstrate the ability of CLUHSIC in incorporating structural and evolutionary information. Copyright © by SIAM.

关键词： Integer programming

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Efficient online trace building using code replication

Efficient online trace building using code replication

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International Conference on Grid and Cloud computing

作者： Deng, Haipeng Chen, Kai Liu, Bo He, Yunchao Zhou, Kan Yang, Yindong Liang, Alei Guan, Haibing School of Software Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China School of Information Security Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543130

Hot trace building plays an important role in enhancing the performance of dynamic binary translators, since in most cases 10% of code takes 90% of execution time of the whole program. Hot traces can promote the code position to make better the locality of the code;therefore programs can achieve a better performance. Thus how to build qualified and long hot traces is the key point. Considering the situation when one single basic block is needed by more than two hot traces, code replication can help build hot traces with cost of expansion of code size. In this paper, a code replication method to help with building hot traces as well as code positioning is presented, and experiments have been done to evaluate the details of changes that code replication brings to the system, like trace fragment length, memory size expansion, etc. With this method, a performance promotion by 0.5%-3.5% against the original trace building method has been achieved. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Studying the impact of synchronization frequency on scheduling tasks with dependencies in heterogeneous systems

Studying the impact of synchronization frequency on scheduli...

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作者： Andronikos, Theodore Ciorba, Florina M. Riakiotakis, Ioannis Papakonstantinou, George Chronopoulos, Anthony T. Department of Informatics Ionian University Corfu Greece Computing Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State University MS United States Department of Computer Science University of Texas at San Antonio 6900 N. Loop 1604 West San Antonio TX 78249 United States

In this work, we develop and evaluate a theoretical model, which we then use to study the impact of the synchronization frequency on the performance of dynamic self-scheduling algorithms. These algorithms are used to parallelize loops with data dependencies on heterogeneous systems. The proposed model uses a formula to estimate the parallel time as a function of the synchronization frequency. Inter-node communication has been proven to be the dominant factor for the performance degradation of applications containing loops with data dependencies. The synchronization mechanism therefore requires careful fine-tuning in order to give the best possible performance. The proposed model determines the optimal synchronization frequency that results in the minimum parallel time. We use this model to study the impact of the synchronization frequency on the parallel execution of a computational kernel from image processing. For this kernel, the synchronization frequency giving the minimum parallel time predicted by our theoretical model was very close to the synchronization frequency giving the least parallel time in practice. We validate our model by extensive comparisons of the theoretically predicted parallel time and synchronization frequency against those obtained from practical experiments. The comparisons show that the proposed model is highly accurate, its predictions for the optimal synchronization frequency being within 0.0250% of the experimentally optimal synchronization frequency in the best case, and within 0.1750% of the experimentally optimal synchronization frequency in the worst case. Finally, the comparisons show that the proposed model improves on a previously existing model in heterogeneous systems, whereas it gives similar results in homogeneous systems. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Synchronization

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